"Three rural issues" (issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) is an important mainline of the CPC's centennial course of party building and China's urban-rural development. In order to solve the "three rural issues" in the New Era and promote the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, we hereby invite ten experts in the research field of "three rural issues" and rural revitalization research to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on three perspectives: Historical process and institutional context, urban-rural system and cross scale space, and the integration of policy theory, technical methods, and rural construction practice. It revolves three main lines: The strategic stage and institutional changes of "three rural issues", the essence of "three rural issues" and the ways to solve new "three rural issues", and the rural revitalization mechanism and rural construction practice. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The essence, key areas, and institutional mechanism innovation of the "three rural issues" in the context of spatio-temporal processes and institutional contexts. It is necessary to grasp the laws of "three rural" (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) and diagnose the "three rural issues" from the perspective of urban and rural regional systems and even the global perspective space. The "three rural issues" is an optimization decision-making problem for improving the functions of rural regional systems within the overall framework of urban and rural regional systems. The imbalance in urban-rural development and insufficient rural development are the concentrated reflection of the "three rural issues" in the New Era. The crux of the "three rural issues" lies in the uncoordinated development of "human, land, and industry". The core goal of China's "three rural issues" in the new development stage is to move towards the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas. The corresponding development system and working mechanism of "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" need to grasp the two "bottom lines", do a good job in the two "connections", and promote the two "integrations" in key areas such as national food security, farmers' livelihood development, modern agriculture and rural development, rural revitalization, and urban-rural integration development. (2) The theory of rural revitalization and the rural spatial planning under the requirements of urban-rural system interaction and people's common prosperity. The research and solution of China's "three rural issues" are rooted in the geographical theory of territorial system theory of human-environment interaction and location theory, the sector economy theory and the economic cycle theory, as well as the theory of development economics, sociological function theory and social conflict theories. In the research practice of the "three rural issues", land use transformation theory, rural reconstruction theory, rural development multi-body and multi-pole theory, interface theory, rural attraction theory, and rural sustainability have also been developed. The urban-rural integrated development and the common prosperity of the people should be the result of balanced regional development and Chinese path to modernization. The folk expression of "making rural life attractive" and the strategic goal of "basically realizing rural modernization by 2035" are mutually "exterior-interior" relationship, which can be comprehensively explained from the following three aspects: The spatio-temporal differences and path differentiation of rural settlement evolution and multi-functional transformation, and the phenomenon explanation of rural gentrification and the theoretical application of rural attraction in the context of urban-rural interaction, as well as the theoretical significance and practical path of rural modernization under the guidance of rural sustainability science. Improving local quality is an inherent requirement to meet the people's needs for a better life, and it is an essential requirement and general law of rural revitalization driven by innovation. As the edge of the national urban-rural system, rural areas face constraints such as segmentation, remoteness, low density, and insufficient heterogeneity dividends in improving local quality. Therefore, to improve local quality of rural areas, it is necessary to adapt to and alleviate the relative inefficiency of rural geography, and its important promotion paths include the characteristic development based on endowment, digital transformation and rural agglomeration centered around cities and towns. Guided by spatial planning and taking into account the integrated functional development of production-living-ecological spaces in rural areas, as well as the integration of urban and rural space through spatial planning, through promoting the quality of living space through comprehensive land improvement, assisting in the realization of multifunctional value in agricultural space through refined management, ensuring the sustainable use of ecological space through systematic protection and restoration, which is a solid foundation for rural revitalization and the construction of a new urban-rural relationship. (3) The path mechanism and technical support for the comprehensive rural revitalization and rural construction under the new needs of ecological civilization construction and governance modernization. Comprehensive rural revitalization requires the revitalization of industries, the reform of land, the development of human well-being, and the intelligent updating of technology. First, the essence of operating rural areas is the rational allocation of resources as the object of factors. It is necessary to integrate the high-quality development of agriculture with the high-quality and livable rural areas, promote the interaction and integration of urban and rural systems, actively link natural science, engineering technology innovation, and institutional innovation from the perspective of the big food concept, and implement food safety and important agricultural product supply security. Second, facing the new demand of rural sustainable development and governance modernization, we should innovate the property right governance integration mechanism of rural land system, especially actively build a rural green development mechanism with farmers' participation and an external benefit sharing mechanism of ecological environment governance. Third, it is urgent to break through the barriers that farmers share the gains from the appreciation of rural assets, fill the gap between small farmers and modern agriculture, and establish a concept of county governance that meets the needs of Chinese path to modernization. Fourth, rural construction is an organic combination of the governance of public spaces by the state and the daily life practices of farmers. Through the theory and technology of "computational" rural areas, effective connection and information sharing between the state and rural areas can be achieved, promoting coordinated development from micro to macro, and from local to whole. And we should achieve the aim of building livable, suitable for work, and beautiful rural areas, through multi-level main body co-construction, co-governance, and management. To sum up, the interview views can provide theoretical reference and decision-making reference for the "three rural issues" work innovation and rural revitalization practice towards Chinese path to modernization.

Urban-rural integrated development is an important way to coordinate the national strategies of new urbanization and rural revitalization. It is also crucial for Chinese-style modernization. To comprehensively tackle challenges facing the current urban-rural integration in China, explore the path of coordinated urban-rural governance, and clarify the strategies for urban-rural integrated development, experts from various fields were cordially invited to engage in in-depth discussions on pressing issues related to urban-rural iintegrated development. These issues include the trends and pathways of urban-rural integration in contemporary China, Innovation of institutions and mechanisms for urban-rural integration, implementation pathways for territorial spatial planning, emerging rural business models and rural transformation pathways, high-quality development pathways for urban-rural integration in different regions, and the path of promoting urban-rural integrated development through comprehensive land consolidation. These discussions aimed to advance theoretical research and practical planning of urban-rural integrated development in China. Attentions need to be paid in urban-rural integrated development in the New Era on: (1) The primary obstacles and innovative pathways in the institutions and mechanisms of urban-rural integrated development guided by comprehensive coordination and regional interconnectivity. Constructing an infrastructure and public service system that effectively connects and complements urban and rural areas, accelerating the coordinated development of urban and rural areas using counties as the carrier, and promoting the flexible governance of this population while concurrently achieving integrated governance of urban-rural natural and social system. Promoting cross-border governance, encouraging cooperation and assistance between eastern and western regions, and achieving regional-scale coordinated development between urban and rural areas. Underdeveloped regions in both Central and Western China should strengthen the linkage role of counties and small towns. This involves enhancing their attractiveness for the inflow of talent, technology, and capital, and driving the transformation of industrial structures towards digitization, intelligence, and low. In contrast, developed regions in the Eastern China should establish a spatial structure system with multiple focal points, network layout, and clear hierarchies. They should expand the breadth and precision of urban-rural factor mobility, and promote the transformation and upgrade of traditional infrastructure and public services, aiming for inclusive development. (2) Optimizing the allocation of resource elements driven by the "planning-utilization-consolidation" cycle in territorial spatial management to achieve shared urban-rural governance and rural reconstruction. Anchoring the spatial pattern of urban and rural development through territorial spatial planning, optimizing the urban-rural spatial layout during planning implementation. Ultimately, improving the spatial quality organic renewal and driving bidirectional flows of diverse elements between urban and rural regions. Place emphasis on rural functional provision, resource utilization orientation, and industrial development models, uncovering multifaceted rural functions including production, lifestyle, ecology, and landscapes. Exploring regionally adapted industrial integration models that enhance agricultural and rural development vitality through distinctive features and high efficiency gains. We also should enhance the leading role of comprehensive land consolidation policies, incentivize and support active private capital involvement, promote resource integration and value enhancement. Strengthening urban-rural industrial synergy and integrated development, and facilitating the orderly flow of urban-rural resource elements. (3) Enhanced awareness and innovative practices in targeted urban-rural governance and rural transformation supported by digital technology and intelligent platforms. Establishing an urban-rural data sharing platform helps bridge the "digital divide" in urban-rural integrated development and enables refined governance across urban and rural areas. Deeply apply the technologies like 5G, Internet of Things (IoT) to support the transformation and upgrade of conventional infrastructure. Expanding the coverage of digital devices in rural basic facilities, and utilizing digital technology to integrate cultural resources across urban and rural areas. Promoting the deep integration of the digital economy and the physical economy involves linking consumer markets through the internet and digital technology, establishing diverse channels for agricultural product distribution, and stimulating the transformation of consumption patterns and the enhancement of consumption capabilities for both urban and rural residents. Embedding digital technology into rural industry development and social governance processes to facilitate the intelligent transformation of agricultural production, digitalization of rural industry development, smartification of rural administrative affairs, and establishment of a digital grid for rural social governance. The aforementioned viewpoints can provide theoretical support and decision-making foundations for achieving the goal of urban-rural integrated development oriented towards Chinese-style modernization.

In the era of digital economy, the tourism development model based on traditional natural and human resources can no longer effectively meet the diversified and personalized needs of tourists. Some non-traditional tourism resources in digital platforms have attracted a large amount of attention capital and converted into tourism flows, which greatly expands the content and boundaries of tourism resources. The emergence of the flow economy has not only profoundly affected the development model of tourism, but also posed new challenges to the theory and practice of tourism resource development. Interviews show that: First, the formation of the flow economy is not a coincidental phenomenon; although the spread of flow leads to the expansion of attention capital scale and drives tourism development, the core of tourism development lies in tourism resource endowment, tourism service quality, government support and guarantee, etc. Second, the flow economy drives the recombination, agglomeration and diffusion of tourism supply and demand factors, and quickly caters to the individual needs of tourists, while whether the tourism industry can adjust its service supply capacity in response to changes in tourist demand becomes the key path and mechanism for the flow economy to promote tourism development. Third, in order to promote the flow economy to empower the high-quality development of tourism, it is necessary to combine effective market and active government, and to establish the brand of tourism. We can also make full use of the spatial effect of the flow economy to promote the collaborative development of regional tourism. Finally, after the tourism boom triggered by the flow economy, it is also necessary to calmly consider the mismatch of resources, negative environmental effects, cultural conflicts and contradictions between short-term hotspots and long-term investment. Only in this way can tourist destinations follow a sustainable development path.

Boosting the internal impetus for rural development is key to promoting high-quality rural development and constructing livable, workable, harmonious and beautiful villages. To this end, existing studies call for neo-endogenous rural development through the collaboration of actors within and outside villages. However, most of the studies discuss this issue at the conceptual level, which still needs a systematic framework to provide action guide. Addressing the gap, this study combines the symbiotic theory and neo-endogenous development pattern, and builds a research framework with three dimensions of the symbiotic unit, symbiotic pattern and symbiotic environment. Taking the "Rural Operation" practice in Lin'an district in Hangzhou as the case, this study identifies the path and mechanisms of the symbiosis of multiple actors within and outside villages to realize neo-endogenous rural development. This study finds that: (1) Local forces, social forces and government forces constitute the basic symbiotic units, respectively assuming the roles of endogenous power, localized intermediary and platform constructor. (2) Neo-endogenous rural development is embedded in a multi-scale symbiotic environment of state, market and local spaces. Multiple action logics, including the state administrative logic, market economic logic and local cultural logic, exist in the environment. (3) In terms of the symbiotic pattern, symbiotic units need to build deep and multiple linkages with each other, establish shared values, and construct a governance system with formal and informal institutions, to enable the stability and sustainability of the symbiotic relationship. This study also provides practical implications for boosting the internal impetus for rural development and promoting rural revitalization, from the perspective of symbiotic theory.

In recent years, the exacerbation of climate change poses a significant threat to cultural heritage protection in China. It is of both theoretical and practical significance to study the influencing mechanism and response mechanism of climate change influence on cultural heritage protection. This study analyzes the mechanism and process of mutual interaction of climate factors on cultural heritage, evaluates the influence and trend of future climate change on Chinese cultural heritage, and finally explores the interactive relationship among different stakeholders of Chinese cultural heritage protection. The results show the mechanism and process that the changes of various climate factors acting on cultural heritage are complex and diverse. The change of individual climate factors, the chain reaction triggered by the change of climate factor, and the interaction of different climate factors generally have a direct or indirect impact on cultural heritage. Moreover, solar radiation, temperature, humidity, air pollutants, precipitation and other climatic factors have affected Chinese cultural heritage to a certain extent, admittedly, but it is necessary to dialectically explore the impact of future climate change on Chinese cultural heritage. With the intensification of global warming and the appearance of extreme weather, the destruction of cultural heritage caused by the difference in temperature and freezing will be reduced, but the cultural heritage represented by ancient wooden buildings and grottoes will still face severe threats. Finally, the establishment of a network of stakeholders is beneficial to administrative departments, local governments, local communities, enterprises, tourists, researchers, and external pressure groups to play respective roles to jointly protect cultural heritage. Under the dual backgrounds of the intensification of climate change and the strategy of "cultural power", this paper is helpful to deepen the understanding of all circles on cultural heritage protection, and enrich the theoretical discussion about protection and utilization of cultural heritage.

Identifying the spatial structure of the rural regional system scientifically and systematically is the premise of proposing differentiated rural revitalization strategies. This is of important practical significance for thoroughly implementing the rural revitalization strategy and accelerate the integrated development of urban-rural areas. This paper takes Changsha county, Hunan province as the research area, constructs a rural development evaluation index system based on the rural regional multi-body system and the multi-level goals of rural revitalization, and integrates research methods such as gravity model, K-Means clustering, geographic detectors and spatial autocorrelation. Quantifying and identifying the spatial structure, including poles of rural revitalization, fields of village-town space, zones of rural development and urban- rural infrastructure networks, is composed of 137 administrative villages in Changsha county. The results show that: (1) The spatial differentiation of rural development level in the study area is the result of a combination of factors, which presents a circle structure weakening from the center of the town core to the periphery, and the spatial agglomeration effect is significant. (2) The closeness of supply and demand between regions is an important factor affecting the strength of spatial linkage, and the intensity of spatial connection based on factors can better express the needs and complementary pattern of regional development. (3) The "Pole-Field-Zone-Network" multidimensional analysis framework has strong applicability for the identification and division of the spatial structure of the rural regional system in the suburbs of the urban area. Finally, 11 rural revitalization poles, 3 village space fields, and 7 rural development areas were specifically determined and divided, and an urban-rural infrastructure network based on the "pole-field-zone" network structure was constructed. According to the spatial structure, this paper puts forward differentiated suggestions for promoting rural revitalization and urban-rural integration development.

This study creates an evaluation index system for the degree of urban water scarcity based on the results of previous research and uses principal component analysis (PCA) to assess the level of water scarcity in 32 major cities in China from 2011 to 2020. The types and distribution characteristics of water scarcity are identified, along with the dominant physical meaning of the principal components, using the group-based multi-trajectory modeling (GBMTM) method. In addition, the types of scarcity and the potential risks of managing water resources during the process of urban expansion are discussed. The results showed that: (1) Significant regional variability exists in the water resource deficit, as demonstrated by the fact that it worsens gradually from the southeast to the northwest and is constrained by resource endowment. There, most cities with water scarcity are distributed in Northern China. (2) Resource-engineering coupling-constrained water scarcity is prevalent in major cities of Northwest China, resource-constrained and management-constrained water scarcity is prevalent in most parts of North and Northeast China; engineering-constrained and water-quality-constrained water scarcity is prevalent in many cities of Southern China. (3) The complexity of the urban water scarcity problem increases with the severity of the water deficit. Also, the motivating factors change over time. For instance, the intertwined impact of urban growth and GDP growth frequently results in the conversion of urban water scarcity types or the dominant position and can even cause the risk of urban water scarcity to materialize. (4) The likelihood of management-constrained water scarcity increases with the increase of city size and GDP. Also, the pace at which management-constrained water scarcity contributes to urban development is proportionate. The study also discovered that the GBMTM model can accurately distinguish separate clusters from various development trajectories. It can be utilized as a crucial tool for tracking the evolution of dynamic data in hydrology and water resources fields.

As the ecological foundation for building a beautiful China and achieving harmonious coexistence and modernization between humans and nature, national parks are an important content and implementation path for China's ecological civilization construction. However, most of China's national parks are located in relatively remote and impoverished rural areas, facing severe conflicts between livelihood development and ecological protection. Building sustainable livelihoods has become an urgent theoretical proposition and task of the times. With the help of CiteSpace knowledge map analysis, we reveal the change process and research characteristics of sustainable livelihood research topics in national parks at home and abroad, and tease out the research status of the major topics, which include the livelihood conflicts between the residents and wild animals, the residents' livelihood dependence on resources, the impact of the construction of the national park on the residents' livelihood and the alternative livelihood in the national park. In response to the new requirements of sustainable livelihood research in Chinese national parks in the New Era, we construct a research framework for sustainable livelihoods in national parks and propose that the research on sustainable livelihood of national parks in the New Era should integrate multidisciplinary theories and technical methods, strengthen data driven and scientific and technological empowerment, focus on some key issues, such as dynamic monitoring and evaluation of the livelihoods sustainability, the relationship and mechanism between livelihoods and ecology, and the implementation path and mechanism of sustainable livelihoods in national parks.

Ecological product value realization is not only an important bridge for the transformation of the "Two Mountains", but also an effective tool for accelerating new urbanization and rural rejuvenation. It is important to clarify its practical logic to achieve the Chinese path to modernization and promote the construction of ecological civilization. Based on 87 typical cases in the field of natural resources, using the grounded theory method, this study analyzes the process of ecological product value realization according to the procedure of "Open coding-Axial coding-Selective coding". Finally, a general explanatory framework for it is constructed. The results show that the internal logic of the whole process of ecological product value realization is "Identifying the resource base-Synergizing multiple mechanisms-Producing comprehensive benefits". The identification of the resource base is to clarify the direction of development. The synergy of the preparation mechanism, implementation mechanism, and guarantee mechanism is the driving force to convert and enhance the value of ecological products. Ultimately, the organic unity of ecological co-governance, ecological co-prosperity, and ecological co-sharing is realized through the production of ecological benefits, economic benefits, and social benefits. The study is a useful attempt to explore the theory of ecological product value realization, which can provide a constructive reference for improving the mechanism and implementation path of regional ecological product value realization.

The establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones is an important initiative for China to promote a high level of opening up to the outside world and to strengthen economic and cultural exchanges between countries internationally, and its prosperous economic activities provide an opportunity for the development of inbound tourism at the same time. The article uses the establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones (hereafter Pilot Zones) as a quasi-natural experiment to systematically assess the impact of the establishment of the Pilot Zones on the development of inbound tourism using a multi-stage double difference method based on balanced panel data for 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2019. The study finds that the establishment of the Pilot Zones significantly promotes the development of inbound tourism. Compared with the cities in the non-cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones, the inbound tourism foreign exchange income of the cities set up as the pilot zones increased by about 15.4% on average. This conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests, such as parallel trend test, placebo test, replacement of explained variables, and winsorization. Besides, the Pilot Zones have promoted the development of inbound tourism through two mechanisms of opening up effect and Internet construction effect. Furthermore, there is a significant difference in the promotion effect of the establishment of the pilot zones on inbound tourism, and its policy effect is more significant in provincial capitals, but not in megacities and supercities. The study provides an empirical basis for exploiting the welfare effects of China's cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones policy to achieve an efficient recovery of inbound tourism in the new development phase. At the same time, it provides strong support for the implementation of the decision-making and deployment of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) for Tourism Development and provides policy reference for better exerting the promoting effect of the Pilot Zones on inbound tourism development, summarizing regional advantages and promoting advanced experience.

Digital village is an important driving force for agricultural and rural modernization. It is not only the strategic direction of rural revitalization, but also an important part of the construction of digital China. On the basis of analyzing the spatial characteristics of Chinese digital villages, we match CHFS database with Digital Rural County Index, and use the threshold regression method to identify the income increase effect of rural households. The results show that: (1) The development of digital villages in China is unbalanced, presenting a decreasing trend from east to middle and west, but there is little difference between the north and the south; (2) The development level of the four sub-dimensions of digital villages is in the descending order of rural digital infrastructure, rural governance digitization, rural economy digitization and rural life digitization, and there is a large east-west difference between rural economy digitization and rural life digitization. At the same time, the total development level of digital villages and each sub-dimension are significantly correlated in space, and the HH and LL clustering characteristics are prominent. (3) Digital villages promote farmers' income through rural digital infrastructure, rural economy digitalization, rural governance digitalization and rural life digitalization, among which the income increase effect of rural economic digitalization is the largest. (4) The income increase effect of rural households is related to the education and income level of rural households, that is, the income increase effect of rural households with higher education is more significant, while that with lower income is not obvious, and even has a restraining effect. In addition, considering the development stage of the digital villages itself and the level of regional economic development, the digital village has a nonlinear impact on the increase of farmers' income.

As a new type of agriculture, urban agriculture is related to the flow of urban-rural food elements and energy conversion, and it has become a new format for coordinating urban-rural integrated development. Based on the perspective of urban-rural integration and the flow of elements, the paper takes the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) as the research area, aiming to explore the process and mechanism of urban agriculture's type differentiation, functional evolution and spatial transformation, and to compare and analyze the logical mechanism between different typical types of urban agriculture. The results show that: (1) The three typical types of urban agriculture in the GBA, namely, community supported agriculture, migrant agriculture and leisure agriculture, have differentiated spatial functions, transformation processes, and spatial effects. (2) Community supported agriculture strengthens ecological functions through ecological planting and breeding, and realizes economic functions through short-chain sales, cooperative production, and live broadcast delivery, which leads to the improvement of space quality and the transformation of urban consumption of space. (3) Migrant agriculture emphasizes the economic function, and the transformation process of its material space is reflected in the non-grainization and concentration of cultivated land and the differentiation of community living space, which in turn brings about group exclusion and spatial isolation in social space. (4) Leisure agriculture emphasizes the social security function and the experience and emotional needs of urban groups, and reflects the differences and imbalances in social development in terms of spatial transformation, which further exacerbates the complexity of social relations and the differentiation of spatial benefits. (5) The functional evolution and spatial transformation of typical types of urban agriculture are affected by the comprehensive effects of multiple subjects such as the market, government, enterprises and individuals, and factors such as urban and rural economy, society, technology and culture have an important impact on the direction and degree of spatial differentiation of urban agriculture, and provide new pathways and new models for urban-rural integration through food, community and industrial linkages.

Urban-rural integration is a new era proposition in the context of the backwardness of rural development. Optimizing the town-village construction pattern is a fundamental way to address rural development problems, which is of immense theoretical and practical significance. This paper adopts a comprehensive approach using the fracture point model, social network analysis method, and field energy model from the perspective of urban-rural symbiosis to restructure the town-village construction pattern in Guanyun county, located in northern Jiangsu province. The results demonstrate that: (1) The comprehensive quality of villages and towns is the symbiotic substrate, and the time and distance cost of interaction and communication between them is the symbiotic interface under the perspective of urban-rural symbiosis. The symbiotic substrate and interface of villages and towns can be combined for symbiotic selection to guide the optimization of the town-village construction pattern. (2) Based on town quality, centrality, and network cohesion subgroups, the grading of villages and towns in Guanyun is determined. The improved field energy model is utilized to establish town symbionts by calculating the spatial field energy of the county and each town, forming a county-town-village hierarchy of mutual urban-rural symbiosis. (3) The village gravity matrix is reconstructed, and a directed connection line is established between villages. It is observed that 25 villages, including Houbu, Shengou, and Dongxu, have weak connections with other villages, which require further adjustments. Based on urban radiation range and village gravity connections, an optimization adjustment plan is developed to optimize the town-village construction pattern.

National parks and national cultural parks are great practices to protect natural heritage and cultural heritage, explore long-term mechanism of biodiversity conservation and create important symbols of Chinese culture in China. This paper used systematic literature review to sort out the background and history of national parks and national cultural parks development in China. From the perspective of management system, this research compared and analyzed these two parks' management regimes, regulations, funding and regional coordination mechanism, and summarized the differences in conservation principles, functional zoning and operation mechanism from the perspective of sustainable operation. Finally, based on the problems faced by national parks and national cultural parks in China, such as overlap management, unclear zoning boundaries, ambiguous rights and responsibilities, declined species richness, and conflicts between protection and development, this paper proposed to establish a biodiversity protection system with national parks as the main part and a cultural heritage protection system with national cultural parks as the subject, and adhere to the development principles of integrated conservation and compatible operation, so as to contribute to global biodiversity and cultural heritage conservation with Chinese solutions.

It has been increasingly recognized that rural life space is playing an important role in the implementation of rural revitalization strategy in China. The imbalance between urban and rural development and insufficient rural development are the prominent manifestations of the main contradictions in society in the new era, and the urban-rural integration development and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy have intensified the transformation of rural life space. The current rural life space research lacks attention to multiple spaces and mixed subjects, which is not conducive to restoring the transformation characteristics and internal mechanisms of rural life space, and it is difficult to put forward corresponding countermeasures for rural spatial governance. This study aims to propose a research framework for rural life space transformation based on the conceptual model, followed by the transformation characteristics and influencing mechanism of rural life space. The results are as follows: (1) Rural life space is a spatial complexity composed of rural residents' activity space, including housing, working, consuming, and leisure spaces. Based on the three-fold model, rural life space can be divided into three subspaces: physical life space at the macro level, social life space at the meso level, and daily activities space at the micro level. In this respect, the three-fold model features rural life space as multi-level, multilateral, multi-agent spaces. (2) Under the effect of exogenous drivers such as globalization, urbanization, industrialization and marketization and their endogenous response factors of rural areas, government policies, capital, technology, population, culture and other factors are mobilizing drastically between urban and rural areas, giving rise to the transformation of rural life space. Furthermore, we introduced the transformation degree to analyze the coordination relations between physical life space, social life space, and daily activities space, which orients to uncovering the process and spatial pattern of rural life space transformation. (3) For the rural life space transformation mechanism, we propose three aspects, including multi-level spatial conduction, the interaction effects between multilateral spaces, and the hybrid effects from rural agents. The study on the transformation of rural life space with multiple spatial cognition as the starting point will help enrich the theoretical perspective of rural geography in China, and provide scientific reference for the urban-rural integration and rural revitalization.

Urban-rural integration is an important support for achieving common prosperity and moving towards Chinese path to modernization. Ecotype regions have long fallen into the dilemma of lack of development power, low-level circulation and decline of villages and towns. Urban-rural integration faces greater challenges. Exploring the path of urban-rural integration in ecotype regions is of great significance. This article proposes an innovative theoretical framework for realizing the value of ecological products to promote urban-rural integration. To build the urban-rural integration path of the combination of "value chain-supply chain-factor chain", this paper takes the Northern Guangdong Ecological Development Zone as an example to put forward specific strategies: first, build a full-chain value chain of ecological products, establish ecological material products, ecological regulation products The value realization path of ecological cultural products; The second is to build a cross-regional and urban-rural vertical division of ecological product supply chain, and establish a three-level spatial supply system of "the central city of Dawan district - counties and cities in Northern Guangdong - villages and towns in Northern Guangdong"; Third, establish the factor chain of production factor circulation and trade, and promote the urban-rural convection of population and land factors around the supply chain of ecological products. This paper has theoretical guidance significance for conducting researches in specific urban-rural areas, and provides an example for realizing ecological products' value and developping urban-rural areas in ecotype regions.

The spatio-temporal patterns of China's cropland have been profoundly reshaped over the past 40 years, and it is vital to scientifically reveal the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of cropland use change and analyze its impact on cropland NPP for accurately judging the utilization situation of cropland resources and ensuring food security in China. However, few studies have focused on the spatio-temporal characteristics of cropland use change and their impacts on cropland NPP in China were still unclear. This study quantitatively analyzed the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of cropland use change in China from 1980 to 2020 and its impact on cropland NPP by applying the models of gravity analysis, spatial statistical analysis, and digital terrain analysis. The results were showed as follows: (1) The quantity of transfer-in cropland in China gradually exceeds that of transfer-out cropland during 1980-2020, with the spatial characteristics of south-decreased and north-increased, east-decreased and west-increased, and the gravity center of transfer-out cropland and transfer-in cropland overall moves to Southwest China. (2) Both transfer-in and transfer-out cropland develop to areas with high elevation and slope, and the average elevation and slope of transfer-in cropland is higher than that of transfer-out cropland with the phenomenon of "even cropland decreasing with steep cropland increasing" and "low-elevation cropland decreasing with high-elevation cropland increasing". (3) The fragmentation degree of transfer-in and transfer-out cropland in China has deepened, with the fragmentation degree of transfer-in cropland being higher and the phenomenon of "contiguously reduced and fragmentarily increasing". (4) The conversion of cropland to grassland and forest land was most frequent during 1980-2000, and the phenomenon of returning cropland to forest land and grassland and construction land encroaching on cropland became more obvious during 2000-2020. (5) The cropland NPP in China generally increased during the study period, but declined in several urban agglomerations and their surrounding areas. The study results provide a basis for understanding the process of cropland use change and its impacts in China, and provide scientific support for the refinement of cropland protection policies as well as the safeguarding of food security.

Since the reform and opening-up in the late 1970s, China's economy has continued to grow rapidly and has become the world's second largest economy. However, the long-term unbalanced development policy and the inefficient development model have brought many negative effects to China's economic and social development. Typically, the regional development gap dominated by the urban-rural residents income gap continues to expand, and the ecological environment is rapidly deteriorating, which is characterized by a sharp increase in the scale of carbon emissions. In the process of factor-driven economic growth, unreasonable factor allocation structure is one of the important factors that lead to the large urban-rural residents income gap and carbon emission intensity in China. China's economy has shifted from high-speed growth to high-quality development. Whether the urban-rural residents income gap and the carbon emission intensity can be reduced in coordination, has become an important connotation of both "equity" and "efficiency". By constructing the mechanism of urban-rural residents income gap affecting carbon emission intensity, this research quantitatively explores the effect of urban-rural residents income gap on carbon emission intensity based on provincial-level panel data from 1998 to 2019. On this basis, the mediation effect model and the moderation effect model are used to explore the mechanism of the urban-rural residents income gap affecting the carbon emission intensity. The results show that the widening of the urban-rural income gap leads to an increase in carbon emission intensity. And after multiple robustness tests, this conclusion is still significant. The analysis of the impact mechanism shows that the urban-rural income gap increases carbon emission intensity by affecting urbanization, innovation development, and resource misallocation, and the levels of marketization and government behavior have significant moderating effects. For a large country in rapid development with a vast territory and significant regional disparities, the effect of urban-rural residents income gap on carbon emission intensity exhibits significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity: On the one hand, there is a significant positive effect in 1998-2011 and no significant negative effect in 2012-2019. On the other hand, there is no significant negative effect in the east and a significant positive effect in the central and western regions. Therefore, we should give full play to the coordination role of "effective market" and "promising government", and achieve both "equity" and "efficiency" in narrowing the urban-rural residents income gap by optimizing the urbanization model, improving the quality of innovative development, and promoting the urban-rural integrated development. However, it must be emphasized that the formulation and implementation of relevant policies should fully consider the local development. For example, the eastern region should focus on optimizing the industrial structure, while the central and western regions should still focus on narrowing the urban-rural residents income gap through the reform of the income distribution system.

The current research on the global flow pattern of iron ore has two bottlenecks: one is relying on coarse-grained trade statistics, and the other is lacking high-precision risk assessment methods. Based on the fine-grained coupling of AIS and trade data, this paper depicts high-resolution spatial characteristics of China's iron ore shipping import pattern. This research quantifies the risk of sea lanes by combining multi-source heterogeneous data with spatial multi-criteria analysis. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The import pattern of China's iron ore shipping is concentrated at both the loading and the discharge stages. Australia and Brazil are primary and secondary duopoly suppliers, supplying more than 82.3% of China's iron ore, and most of them flow to China's Bohai-Rim port clusters. (2) This paper depicts a risk coefficient (RC) map of China's maritime shipping import by analyzing nine indicators and three dimensions (hazard level, vulnerability level, and mitigation capability). The paper also portrays a risk level (RL) map of China's iron ore shipping import, by combining the exposure levels of iron ore imports. The two maps clearly demonstrate that the risk of China's iron ore shipping shows significant spatial differentiation. The dominant factors are diverse, which suggests that the judgment of risk level should comprehensively consider the exposure level of shipping materials and other external factors. (3) In this paper, the import shipping lanes were divided based on a high-resolution import pattern. Therefore, correcting existing cognitive misjudgments and balancing the accuracy of scientific research with the intuitiveness of decision-making through risk level mapping at the lane level. Our research has shown that, the Strait of Sunda, and the Strait of Lombok-the Strait of Makassar Strait are the riskiest shipping lanes in the first tier, the Mediterranean-the Red Sea is the riskiest shipping lanes in the second tier, and the Black Sea is the riskiest shipping lanes in the third tier. The high-resolution spatial identification method built in this paper can solve the current inaccuracy of identifying global material flow status and improve the technology of quantitative risk assessment for key shipping lanes. This method is not only applicable to iron ore shipping, but also to the fine-grained analysis and risk assessment of other important material shipping patterns.