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  • Observation of Natural Resources
    JIN Xiao-bin, HAN Bo, LI Quan-quan, ZHOU Yin-kang
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2025, 40(2): 287-301. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20250201

    Territorial ecological restoration (TER) is vital for China to address land degradation challenges, achieve its carbon neutrality strategy, and build the Beautiful China. However, the current TER planning system needs enhancement in its systematic, holistic, and integrated approach to support the unified conservation and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands. This paper draws on the Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) concept proposed by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 15.3 to establish a logical framework for LDN-oriented TER planning in China, highlighting key research questions to achieve LDN. The findings are: (1) The evolution of LDN reflects the global shift from fragmented to integrated ecological restoration projects. Its conceptual framework and implementation logic offer foundational and universal aspects that can guide the exploration of systematic TER planning in China. (2) LDN-oriented TER planning focuses on addressing land degradation through a singular metric (the proportion of degraded land) to achieve one goal (LDN), following a planning logic of "status analysis-degradation identification-setting LDN goals-identifying LDN pattern-implementing LDN measures-monitoring LDN". (3) Key research questions for achieving LDN in TER include diagnosis of ecological problems, identification of ecological restoration priority area, delineation of TER implementation units, and design of TER monitoring mechanisms. To promote the localization of the LDN concept, it is recommended to establish a balancing mechanism for ecosystem degradation and restoration, targeting the avoidance, alleviation, and restoration of quantity, quality, and productivity degradation across all land-use types, so as to coordinate planning formulation and project implementation.

  • Observation of Natural Resources
    TIAN Yi-yao, WU Run-liang
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2025, 40(2): 302-315. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20250202

    Whether and how the "dual-carbon" goals could be included in the territorial spatial planning law (TSPL) is a crucial issue in the construction of the rule of law for territorial spatial planning (TSP). By reviewing the existing legal documents and the practice of TSP, the legislative mode of "systematic integration+special embedding" can be adopted to integrate the "dual-carbon" goals into the TSPL in a comprehensive way. By clarifying the principles of periodicity and spatiality of the "dual-carbon" goals, a specialized system of "dual-carbon" regulations will be constructed. By proposing a legislative optimization plan that emphasizes both procedural and substantive aspects, improving the allocation of administrative powers of the relevant departments, scientifically setting up legal responsibilities, and making sure that the TSPL is well connected with energy legislation, the codification of ecological and environmental codes. The above measures provide a guarantee of TSP for the realization of the "dual-carbon" goals.

  • Regular Articles
    LUO Jing, GAN Yi-lin, ZHU Yuan-yuan
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2025, 40(2): 367-381. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20250206

    A watershed is a spatial carrier that integrates development and security, and is an important region for achieving harmonious coexistence between human and nature in modernization. As such, watershed spatial governance has become an important entry point and strategic project for current provincial and municipal spatial planning. To deepen the theoretical understanding of watershed spatial governance, this study established the fundamental framework of "scale connection, value realization, path optimization" and conducted empirical research using Hubei province as a case study. The results showed that: (1) Based on the theory of the relationship between human and water, watershed spatial governance should integrate natural and administrative boundaries. It should prioritize the coordinated management of ecological and economic functions in distinct zones, while also considering the objectives of ecological conservation and social advancement. (2) The spatial difference between economic value and ecological value of watershed in Hubei was obvious, and the ecological protection and economic development of some watershed units were relatively unbalanced. (3) The realization of spatial multi-value could effectively guide watershed zoning and classification management. In Hubei, the watershed governance zoning included five types: "four modernizations" complex type, livable town construction type, modern agricultural development type, ecological security protection type, and ecological security-economic development complex type. The research results can provide guidance for deepening the human-water relationship in watersheds and ensuring the implementation of watershed governance planning.

  • Regular Articles
    LI Zao, CHENG Geng, WANG Qiang, GAO Ming-fei, FANG Qun-li
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2025, 40(2): 402-422. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20250208

    The meticulous construction of traditional village spaces has emerged as a pivotal direction for the protection and utilization of contiguous areas, imposing heightened demands on spatial cognition and revitalization. This research undertakes a comprehensive analysis at both regional and village levels: regionally, spatial analysis methods grounded in GIS geographic information systems are deployed to scrutinize the geographic distribution, density, and spatial differentiation characteristics of traditional Huizhou villages. At the village level, empirical investigations leveraging 3D scanning and virtual reality technologies are conducted to explore data channels and technical applicability in data acquisition and utilization. The findings reveal that traditional Huizhou villages exhibit a pattern of highly concentrated distribution in successive clusters, posing significant challenges related to homogeneous competition and development. Consequently, a collaborative interactive technology system has been established to analyze commonalities and distinctions among villages, enabling optimized spatial design. The developed technical system and methodology can refine regional resource allocation and dynamically elevate spatial quality, bearing substantial significance for the sustainable development of traditional regional villages.

  • Experts Intterviews
    HUANG Geng-zhi, LI Xun, ZHANG Wen-zhong, LIN Jian, TIAN Li, ZHANG Jing-xiang, ZHU Jie-ming, WANG Shi-fu, YE Yu-min, LI Zhi-gang
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2025, 40(1): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20250101

    Urbanization in China has transitioned from an era of urban construction focused on incremental land development to an era of urban renewal focused on stock land development. Implementing urban renewal and achieving high-quality development has become a significant challenge for urban development in the second half of China's urbanization process. In response to this challenge, experts and scholars from relevant academic fields were invited to explore and discuss the fundamental issues of how urban renewal should be implemented under the new historical conditions and value orientations. The key aspects and solution pathways of this issue were discussed, with a focus on the following areas: the institutional and strategic issues that impact urban renewal, the practical and technical questions of how urban renewal is carried out, and the potential negative effects arising from urban renewal. The paper has extensive discussions and reflections on these topics. Based on the main viewpoints of the invited experts, urban renewal under the background of high-quality development transformation needs to pay attention to the following key issues. First of all, the goals of urban renewal should be determined synthetically with the full consideration of the national development strategies pertaining to urban development, with the effort to promote the innovation of urban renewal system in the areas of spatial planning, land supply and management, development models, financing, and public participation. Second, it is suggested that new models of urban renewal driven by the combined efforts of government, market, and society needs to be established to ensure the publicness, efficiency, and fairness of urban renewal projects. In particular, the government should play a role of guiding and encouraging through decentralization and empowerment; the role of market should pay attention to the advantages of cooperation between private capital and state-owned enterprise capital; the society should play a role by activating the subjective role of property rights owners. Third, with the aim to promote a people-centered development, the damage of urban renewal to historical and cultural protection and adverse effects of gentrification it brings should be regulated and avoided. There is a need to enhance exploration of the urban renewal models beneficial to historical and cultural protection and social justice. This paper concludes by calling on scholars from multiple disciplines including geography, resources and environmental sciences, planning, and management to jointly promote research of urban renewal theories that fit to the Chinese path to modernization, with the aim to make Chinese contribution to theories on global urban renewal.

  • Experts Intterviews
    SONG Wei-xuan, CHEN Hao, CUI Can, LIU Ya-fei, TONG De, GUO Fei, ZENG Peng, DONG Wei, FENG Shu-yi, XU Xi-wei, DENG Yu, LANG Wei, TANG Yan, XIAO Yang, XIAO Chao-wei
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2025, 40(1): 20-38. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20250102

    In China's urbanization 2.0 phase, urban renewal has become the primary means of urban spatial development. Essentially, it is a high-quality development process aimed at enhancing the efficiency of resource allocation and utilization, strengthening spatial carrying capacity, optimizing urban functional quality, and reinforcing urban development resilience. Centered on the reform and development goal of "establishing a sustainable urban renewal model and policy regulations" set by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, 15 experts and scholars from fields such as geography, urban and rural planning, and land resource management engaged in written discussions. This exploration spans various perspectives and dimensions, including the conceptual connotation, value concepts, implementation and pathways, institutional policy environment construction, and performance evaluation methods of sustainable urban renewal. Specifically: (1) Conceptual Connotation: Sustainable urban renewal should be understood as both the "sustainability" of goals and the "sustainability" of implementation. (2) Value Concepts: Emphases should be placed on promoting multi-stakeholder participation and benefit-sharing as the fundamental economic philosophy for constructing sustainable urban renewal, as well as integrating urban renewal into the spatial governance of urban cultural heritage, social spatial, and ecological spaces, thereby organizing urban renewal actions from a multidimensional systemic perspective of "economic-social-cultural-ecological-resilience". (3) Implementation: It is crucial to effectively balance the interests of local governments, market entities, property owners, and society. Secondly, attention should be given to ensuring and enhancing the mechanism for state-owned enterprises to participate in urban renewal. Thirdly, new mechanisms should be adopted such as franchising to attract enthusiasm from social capital. With all parties mentioned above, we should transform urban construction from a "supply-oriented" to a "demand-oriented" model. Besides, to meet the people's growing needs for a better life, urban renewal implementation should focus more on multi-participatory design, embedding public service facilities, green infrastructure, and digital technology elements at the micro-community scale perceptible to the people, and coordinate urban renewal planning and management implementation. (4) Institutional Policy Environment Construction: Overall, there should be a focus on new demands for urban renewal products, governance, and models in the new era, so as to create an adaptive and sustainable institutional policy environment for urban renewal. Particularly, considering key elements such as "people, land, and capital" in urban renewal, systematic institutional innovations should be conducted in aspects like land use regulations, funding arrangements, and organizational mechanisms. (5) Performance Evaluation: Finally, from a "people's perspective", a measurable and comparable performance evaluation system for urban renewal should be established.

  • Ecological Protection, Restoration and Mangement
    TANG Hui, PENG Jian, XU Dong-mei, WU Jian-sheng
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(12): 2768-2782. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20241202

    Implementing large-scale ecological restoration of territorial space is a key strategy for China to halt ecosystem degradation and promote ecological civilization. As a reference benchmark and target guide for ecological restoration, the reference of ecological restoration is a necessary basis for the smooth implementation of ecological restoration projects. However, there is little research focusing on the ecological restoration reference of terrestrial space. Aiming to know what is ecological restoration reference, what are its characteristics, and how to identify it, in this study we discussed the definition, the identification approach framework, and the directions of future research of ecological restoration reference of territorial space. This study suggested that the reference of ecological restoration of territorial space had three basic characteristics: comprehensiveness of indicators, two-dimensionality of space and time, and dynamic adaptability. The identification framework of ecological restoration reference of territorial space includes three major steps: comprehensive ecosystem assessment, reference ecosystem selection, and reference identification under integrated spatial and temporal dimensions. With the focus on the key issues of Nature-based Solutions, integrated protection and restoration of mountains, water, forests, lakes, grasses and sands, and social-ecological system sustainability, we highlighted that ecological restoration reference identification should place great emphasis on systemic thinking, take sustainability as the core orientation for the selection of reference indicators, and pay attention to the social-ecological system integrated perspective, so as to identify ecological restoration reference based on the social-ecological process and oriented to the comprehensive enhancement of social-ecological system sustainability. This study clearly defined the conceptual connotation and identification framework of ecological restoration reference in terrestrial space, and provided theoretical and methodological support for the orderly promotion of ecological restoration projects.

  • Implementation Monitoring of Natiornal Spatial Planning
    YING Su-chen, JIN Xiao-bin, HAN Bo, ZHOU Yin-kang
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(12): 2897-2911. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20241210

    Comprehensive land consolidation is one of the territorial spatial governance tools for precise resource allocation and comprehensive pattern optimization based on regional territorial spatial planning and has both planning and engineering attributes. Exploring the connotation, system, and method of monitoring and evaluation of comprehensive land consolidation has essential theoretical and practical value for promoting standardized management of the land consolidation industry and improving the China Spatial Planning Observation Network. Focusing on the problems faced by comprehensive land consolidation monitoring and evaluation, such as the urgent need for comprehensive coverage of the time series, imperfect value orientation, and lack of support for data methods, this study analyzes the transformation process, theoretical positioning, logical framework and practical path of comprehensive land consolidation monitoring and evaluation by coupling the perspective of "multi-layer structure and whole life cycle". The results show that: (1) Comprehensive land consolidation is an important means to implement the overall territorial spatial planning and regional detailed planning, so comprehensive land consolidation monitoring and evaluation is a crucial component of the China Spatial Planning Observation Network. The monitoring and evaluation of comprehensive land consolidation is based on the experience of traditional land consolidation and has achieved adaptive transformation in evaluation objectives, objects, content, and methods. It is a comprehensive early warning and evaluation method for scientifically evaluating the effectiveness of spatial optimization and utilization. (2) Given the evolutionary trend of multi-scale and full-process implementation of comprehensive land consolidation, it can couple the multi-level structure and whole life cycle perspective to explore the construction ideas of its monitoring and evaluation system, involving the overall planning, unit planning, and program preparation levels of consolidation, and covering the pre-construction, consolidation construction, and post-construction cycles. (3) By constructing a three-level and eight-category analytical framework for monitoring and evaluating comprehensive land consolidation, each type's potential dimensions and indicators are explored, and supporting methods for data collection and system construction, weight determination and result correction, presentation form, and scenario analysis are provided. The practical paths of data, method, and management are also prospected. The research can provide theoretical and application references for local governments to carry out monitoring and evaluation of comprehensive land consolidation.

  • Regular Articles
    ZHENG Qian-qian, TANG Cheng-cai, HAN Ying, ZHANG Ying
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(12): 2924-2945. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20241212

    Promoting community common prosperity is an important aspect of the high-quality development of national parks and the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. This paper employs actor network theory and path dependence theory, using Shennongjia National Park as a case study, to analyze the process of community common prosperity and reveal its influence mechanism and realization pathway. The results show that: (1) The community common prosperity of Shennongjia National Park has gone through a developmental stage, evolving from "initially exploring community common prosperity based on the management system reform" to "comprehensively promoting community common prosperity based on the ecological industry system". The government and national park administration continue to play a key role, while the influence of rural elites diminishes and the role of tourism enterprises strengthens. The connection between villagers and actors deepens, and cultural tourism resources, along with ecological industries, gradually unleash stronger effects. (2) The community common prosperity of Shennongjia National Park is the result of the interplay and collaboration between human actors and non-human actors. The attributes of non-human actors are the foundation, the identification of the problem by key actors is the core, the participation of villagers in stimulating endogenous motivation is the key, and the competition of interests among heterogeneous actors is the driving force. (3) Community common prosperity of national parks is gradually strengthened along a certain path due to the influence of internal and external factors, forming a realization pathway for "generation-creation-locking-unlocking". The emergence of issues and policy opportunities trigger pathway generation; recruitment and mobilization drive pathway creation; difficult-to-reconcile disagreements lead to pathway locking; and innovative development facilitates path unlocking. It is necessary to promote the realization of community common prosperity by mastering the fundamental laws of pathway evolution, scientifically and effectively identifying problems, actively mobilizing villagers to participate in the whole process, and fostering the spirit of creativity and digital thinking. This paper provides a theoretical foundation and practical insights for the high-quality development of national parks and community common prosperity.

  • Experts Interview
    LUO Jing, XIA Jun, HAO Fang-hua, WANG Fang, ZHAO Xue-yan, WANG Cheng, CHEN Cheng, KE Xin-li, XU Ji-jun, LU Xu
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(11): 2505-2524. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20241101

    River basins are a complex geospatial system integrating water security, water environment security, food security, ecological security, and economic and social development. In order to promote the construction of a new development pattern based on the path of coordination and high-quality governance of human activity space in river basins, we hereby invite ten experts in the research field of the river basins coordination and high-quality development to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on three perspectives: global regulation and regional regulation, evolvement rule and coordination mode, practice mechanism and governance paradigm. It revolves three main lines: utilization of natural resources and environmental protection in river basins, coordinated development of human-earth relationship and spatial governance path in river basins, and green transformation of the industry and ecological services. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Systematic engineering construction of resource allocation and pollution remediation in the whole scale river basins. From the perspective of the whole river basins, the efficient utilization and allocation system of water resources should focus on "reducing expenditure" and be supported by "open source". This should further optimize and enhance the river basin water resources allocation system from both engineering and non-engineering perspectives, integrating deeply into the development concept of innovation, coordination, green practices, openness, and sharing. The treatment and restoration project of river basin non-point source pollution system should focus on three aspects: improving the capacity of source monitoring and load estimation, strengthening the systematic design of treatment and restoration, and improving the collaborative management mechanism. (2) The evolution of human-earth relationship in river basins, the high-quality management of human activity space and the coordinated development of human-earth system. The evolution of river basin human-earth relationship has experienced the long time series and multi-scale local adaptation of urban and rural systems to environmental changes and cultural responses, showing typical characteristics of dynamic adaptation, multi-scale spatial correlation and historical dependence. The governance of human activity space in river basins should focus on resource factors, ecological environment protection, multi-scale and multi-dimensional linkage, and overall and specific aspects, and jointly promoting the governance of human activity space from fragmentation to integration and coordination. To promote the coordinated development of the river basin human-earth system, it is necessary to explore the interaction mechanism and influencing factors of the elements from a system thinking perspective, and to promote the system to form a rational element combination, efficient organizational structure and multi-function coordinated coupling state. This will achieve economic prosperity, social equity, and environmental protection in unity. (3) The green intensive transformation of agricultural production in river basins and the management mode of ecological resources. River basin ecosystem governance is based on the optimization of harmonious coexistence between human and nature. On the one hand, starting from the practice of pollution prevention and control, the transformation of agricultural production should adhere to the road of reducing agricultural chemical intensity and enhancing efficient resource utilization. Optimizing the layout of the cultivated land system and promoting the transformation of the cultivated land system into an innovation-intensive type can better support and serve the high-quality development of agriculture. On the other hand, the concept of river basin ecological governance has transitioned from focusing solely on ecology to emphasizing governance, where the development of systems like river chief system and eco-compensation plays a crucial role in the current stage of river basin governance. Nonetheless, the current implementation of eco-compensation in the river basins lacks a systematic framework, and a comprehensive protection pattern has not yet been formed for upstream and downstream areas, main stems, tributaries, rivers, and lakes. Moving forward, mechanism construction should align with the principles of ecological precedence and green, low-carbon development. It should establish a comprehensive roadmap and implementation strategy for eco-compensation from various angles, create diversified eco-compensation financing models, and clarify the beneficiaries, rights and responsibilities of eco-compensation and the benefit return model. In a nutshell, the viewpoints of the interview can provide theoretical reference and decision-making reference for ecological civilization construction, regional coordinated development and green development in the New Era.

  • Experts Interview
    TAN Rong, SHEN Lei, QIU Shao-jun, LIU Bo-en, ZHU Dao-lin, CAO Zheng-han, LYU Bin, FAN Zhen-lin, SHI Min-jun, WANG Rong-yu
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(11): 2525-2540. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20241102

    Since the New Era began, China has further promoted the reform of the property rights for natural resources. This round of reform is a systematic innovation, including values, governances and mechanisms, policies, and management models, made on the Chinese path to modernization road of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Ten experts and scholars from disciplines such as management, economics, resource science, sociology, geography, and the practical field of natural resource management explored the progress and theoretical significance of the reform. They discussed the background, problems, guidance, mechanism, policies, modes, and inspiration. Specifically, the reform of property rights for natural resource assets has significantly promoted institutional innovation in ecological civilization construction since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012. It aims to address the urgent need for sound institutional mechanisms for state-owned natural resources, including those between the central and local governments and between the government and the market. The value orientation of this round of reform is to promote the transformation of the single-factor values of natural resources into the overall values of the ecosystem. Currently, the country is optimizing the relationship between the central and local governments by promoting the pilot of the principal-agent mechanism, and clarifying the relationship between the government and the market by enhancing the role of the market. The 20th CPC Central Committee's Third Plenary Session further emphasized "improving the property rights system and management framework for natural resources", outlining the requirements and direction for reform. The reform belongs to the innovation of socialist public ownership, which has the significance of building China's independent knowledge and can also make new contributions to enriching property rights theory.

  • Original article
    KONG Kai, LI Peng
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(10): 2259-2275. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20241001

    Concession is of great significance for the construction of China's national park system, and systematic research on community concession is of great value. Based on typical practice cases at home and abroad, the study employs methods such as multi-case comparison to conduct a logical analysis of community concession practices and model comparison. The results indicate that: (1) The practical logic of community concession shows strong consistency. The goal logic is to balance the protection of national parks with community autonomous development by empowering community management. The subject logic is to appoint communities with high stakes in the national parks as concessionaires. The granting logic is non-competitive targeted concession, and the business logic involves the participation and assistance of multiple parties, with both one-level and two-level concession structure coexisting. (2) Community concession differs significantly from non-community concession in terms of guiding philosophy, concession objectives, granting methods, concession structures and support mechanisms, representing a new model of national park concession. Finally, policy recommendations are put forward from the aspects of establishing the top-level design of community concession, strengthening the management system of community concession, and improving the assistance mechanism of community concession.

  • Original article
    ZHANG Yin, LOU Ying, SHU Quan-feng, LI Sheng-zhi
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(10): 2364-2382. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20241007

    What governance model can be adopted to better enhance the ecological, social and economic effectiveness of nature reserve governance? Few studies have conducted quantitative comparative analyses based on the community perception perspective. Based on the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, 17 communities within and around the Giant Panda National Park were selected. Differences in community perception of State-led, co-managed, and community-based and other elements affecting community residents' perceptions of effectiveness will be compared, by means of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, one-way ANOVA, and stepwise regression analysis. Our study found that: (1) Community residents have the most positive perceptions of the ecological effectiveness of the Giant Panda National Park and the most negative perceptions of the economic effectiveness. (2) The community-based model has the best performance in the three dimensions, while State-led conservation has the second best performance in the ecological and social dimensions, and co-managed model has the second best performance in the economic dimensions. (3) The community residents' perceptions of the effectiveness of the Giant Panda National Park are affected by the combination of the natural geographic conditions, economic and social attributes, and other factors.We point out that all types of governance models have their advantages and disadvantages, and community-based governance is not a "panacea" for all public pond resource problems. Therefore, it is advocated to carry out local adaptation of the selection of nature reserve governance models. The study expands the application scenarios of the IAD framework, deepens the theoretical understanding of nature reserve governance models, and provides empirical insights for community coordination of nature reserves in China.

  • Regular Articles
    CHEN Cheng, WU Ke, CHEN Jiang-long
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(10): 2399-2417. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20241009

    The green transformation in agricultural production is an important research topic in the field of agricultural sustainable development. Based on the concept of agricultural green development and theoretical analysis in terms of the transformation path, this paper aims to examine the major processes of the agricultural green development practices and assess the effects in reducing chemical products input and increasing agricultural output within the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) in the past 20 years in combination of the methods of literature investigation, semi-structural interviews, questionnaire analysis and decoupling analysis. The results show that since 2015 the provincial-level regions within the YREB issued a set of policies related to the agricultural green development actions, which encouraged the farmers to replace the traditional chemical fertilizer with alternative and organic fertilizer, prevent and control the devastations caused by the diseases, insects and herbs with ecological measures, and reuse the agricultural residues in order to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizer and pesticides and herbicides in agricultural production. Compared to the other regions in China, the YREB has a five-year lead in terms of achieving the great aims of zero growth and reduction of pesticide and chemical fertilizer use in agricultural production. Nevertheless, the current chemical fertilizer and pesticide usage intensity in the YREB is still more than two times the international average level. Although the chemical fertilizer and pesticide usage intensity in the downstream areas of the Yangtze River is much higher than that in the upstream areas due to the differentiation in terms of multiple crop index and agricultural output density, the chemical fertilizer and pesticide usage intensity appears to gradually disconnect with the multiple crop index and agricultural output density because of the wide application of new technologies for agricultural green development. However, the ongoing agricultural green development agenda within the studu area still faces challenges, including the rising costs in upgrading the production technology and agricultural machinery and equipment and the severe difficulty in overcoming ageing issues and introducing or fostering young talents in agricultural sector.

  • Regular Articles
    HUANG An, WANG Yan, TIAN Li, LIU Lin-xin-er, XIA Jing, LIANG Yin-long, SUN Min-xuan, ZHUANG Yuan
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(10): 2450-2470. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20241012

    As one of the important subsystems of the global carbon system, the land use system plays a pivotal role in achieving global carbon neutrality. Based on the theoretical analysis and inductive deduction, this paper establishes a theoretical analysis framework for the carbon effect of the land use system from a social-ecological perspective. It summarizes the research history of the carbon effect of the land use system, basic measurement methods, and simulation prediction method systems. Additionally, it initially establishes an optimized path and toolbox for carbon neutrality in the land use system. Currently, basic research on measuring carbon emissions and carbon sequestration in the land use system has matured, and the research focus has shifted from basic research to comprehensive exploration of influencing factors, quantitative prediction and simulation of carbon emission reduction and sequestration enhancement, and carbon neutrality path research. However, several challenges remain: the lack of regional correction for equivalent coefficients in basic carbon emissions and sequestration measurements; the omission of governance dimensions in the theoretical analysis framework, leading to a dearth of collaborative governance scenario simulation studies for optimizing the carbon effect of the land use system among different stakeholders; and the absence of cost-benefit analysis in carbon effect scenario simulations, etc. In the future, more attention should be given to deepen the research on the complex system theoretical framework and perspective of the carbon effect of the land use system, strengthen the research on the governance mechanism and path of the carbon effect of the land use system, and expand the research on the synergistic path of carbon neutrality of the land use system, etc., which will provide theoretical support and practical reference for optimization of national land space in the context of the dual carbon goals.

  • Regular Articles
    LIU Chun, ZHANG Shang-wu, FENG Jian, YING Shen, ZHAO Zhi-qing, DONG Wei, LI Xian-wen
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(10): 2497-2504. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20241015

    The "multi-plan integration" necessitates a refined level of detail in territorial and spatial planning, which requires the support of fine "urban built-up areas" spatial data. However, previous efforts in urban-rural identification have lacked a unified conceptual definition and standardization for "urban built-up area", thus impacting the accuracy, reliability, and comparability of statistical data and posing obstacles to informed decision-making. To address this issue, the "Code of Practice for Standard Urban Built-up Area Delineation", released in June 2021, introduced a systematic framework for defining and delineating urban built-up areas. This framework relies on two core principles: high-precision surveying and assessments of the living environment, establishing "urban built-up area" focused on the residential environment and "physical urban built-up area" centered on actual built-up areas. This achievement has been applied in land use monitoring and other domains. However, the existing delineating method of urban built-up areas is still in the preliminary construction stage. It needs to be perfected through practice in the future.

  • Interview with Experts on New Quality Productive Forces
    JIN Xiao-bin, SHEN Lei, HUANG Xian-jin, DENG Xiang-zheng, HU Shou-geng, KE Xin-li, WU Zhi-feng, ZHAO Duo-ping, LIU Jing
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(9): 2011-2028. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240901

    China's social economy has shifted from the stage of high-speed growth to the stage of high-quality development. Promoting high-quality management of natural resources has become a major issue related to the overall development of the country. Accelerating the construction and cultivation of new quality productive forces (NQP) and enabling high-quality management of natural resources is of great practical significance to promoting Chinese-style modernization. Regarding the logic and path of NQP enabling high-quality management of natural resources, relevant scholars from different disciplines were invited to present their views on the following topics: (1) The logical relationship between NQP and natural resource management;(2) the positioning and function of NQP in natural resource management; (3) the inspiration and requirements of NQP for natural resource management; (4) the key areas of NQP promoting high-quality management of natural resources; the path of (5) NQP to cope with climate change and implement the dual-carbon strategy; (6) NQP to empower the modernization of territorial spatial governance; (7) NQP to reshape the new form of coordinated urban-rural development;and (8) NQP to ensure food security and promote the construction of an agricultural power, etc. This work aims to explore the specific application of NQP in natural resource management, with a view to providing scientific reference for promoting high-quality management of natural resources and helping the Chinese-style modernization. Overall, special attention should be paid to the following key issues in empowering high-quality natural resource management with NQP: (1) break the barriers of natural resources management and mechanism innovation oriented to the coordination of the whole area, the whole factor, the whole process and the multi-department; (2) key areas and paths for cultivating NQP for comprehensively ensuring the security of natural resources and strengthening the stability of supply of key resources; (3) construction and practice innovation of digital intelligence NQP cultivation system for efficient use and accurate management of natural resources.

  • Organic Renewal and Vitalization
    WEI Cheng, LIU Fu-qiang, YANG Cheng, CHENG Yu-xiao, SHEN Jing
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(8): 1867-1886. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240808

    The rapid urbanization has profound impacts on traditional villages, and clarifying its rigid constraints and activation drivers for preservation and utilization is of significant theoretical and practical importance. This paper takes traditional villages in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) as the research object, supported by long-term tracking investigations and return visits. Based on the dialectical relationship between the impacts and opportunities brought by rapid urbanization, the paper attempts to construct a targeted research framework for preservation constraints and activation utilization, revealing the major challenges, progress, and development prospects of traditional village preservation and utilization in the PRD. The results indicate that: (1) The challenges of preservation and utilization are mainly reflected in the alienation and damage of material elements such as the overall pattern and settlement space, as well as facing constraints such as numerous historical issues and high input costs. (2) Rapid urbanization also serves as an important opportunity for the revitalization and development of traditional villages in the PRD. The expansion of urban functions, population aggregation, and consumption potential have promoted new progress in preservation and utilization, including "remediation" based on government investment, "self-rescue" assisted by multiple subjects, "salvation" under the intervention of social enterprises, and "rescue" seizing policy opportunities. The paper also combines land spatial planning, new urbanization, rural revitalization, and other aspects to forecast the development prospects of traditional village preservation and utilization in the PRD in the New Era.

  • Multi-Functionality and Value Realization
    HE Shuo-yan, XIA Wei, SUN Xiao-yu, YANG Gang-qiao
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(8): 1906-1923. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240810

    Improving the level of rural amenity is an inevitable requirement to meet the growing needs of the people and achieve rural revitalization. Comprehensive land consolidation provides a new path for amenity-driven rural development. The paper constructs the conceptual framework and index system of rural amenity based on the theory of local consumerism, the theory of rural multifunctionality and the theory of demand hierarchy, analyzes the influence mechanism of comprehensive land consolidation on rural amenity from the perspective of multifunctionality of land use, and utilizes questionnaire survey data from villagers and tourists in 10 tourist villages in 6 districts and counties in Wuhan metropolitan area, and uses analytic hierarchy process method, entropy value method and difference-in-difference method to explore and study the level of regional amenity and the amenity enhancement effect of comprehensive land consolidation. The study finds that: (1) Rural amenity is a kind of rural characteristic that embodies the quality of local consumer goods, has the function of consumption, can meet the needs of foreign tourists for rural style living and local villagers for quality of life, and prompts people to feel comfortable and at ease, including natural amenity, production amenity, social amenity, and cultural amenity. (2) Due to different needs of villagers and tourists, there are differences in their evaluations of rural amenity. (3) From the perspective of villagers, comprehensive land consolidation can significantly improve the overall level and various dimensions of rural amenity, and has robustness. In conclusion, in the future, we should increase investment in consolidation funds and expand the scope of consolidation and continue to promote the pilot work of comprehensive land consolidation based on the full consideration of the interests of villagers and tourists, especially the villagers', and the integration of the elements of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasses and sands.

  • Postscript
    CHENG Ye-qing
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(8): 2008-2010. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240816
  • Research on China's Tourism Resources in the New Era
    ZHU He, GAO Xiang-yu, ZHANG Sheng-rui, ZHANG Tong-yan
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(7): 1493-1511. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240701

    The cognition of tourism resources is the basic work of the development of tourism industry. Traditional research and development of tourism resources usually rely on the development of single unit, and neglect the aggregation characteristics and combined value of resources. This study focuses on the regional tourism resources combination, and reorganizes the relevant research basis of regional tourism resources combination under the context of national strategic orientation and tourism development needs in the New Era. For the value transformation and sustainable utilization of tourism resources, the connotation of regional tourism resources combination is analyzed from the aspects of regional characteristics, combined characteristics and value characteristics. Combining with knowledge mapping, text analysis, image analysis and other technologies, this paper puts forward the identification ideas, methods and techniques of regional tourism resources combination. It sums up five key problems of the regional tourism resources combination: the principle and basis of the division, the mode and method, the evaluation system, the path of value transformation, and the guarantee system. Going forward, we will endeavor to advance the theoretical research and practical exploration of regional tourism resource combination.

  • Interview with Experts on New Quality Productive Forces
    WANG Jin-wei, LU Lin, WANG Zhao-feng, WEI Min, SONG Rui, YANG Yong, BAI Kai, LIN Ming-shui, YU Hu, ZHU He
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(7): 1643-1663. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240709

    New quality productive forces are the core driver for building a modern tourism sector and also support the development of a strong tourism nation. In order to deeply understand the scientific connotation of new quality productive forces and clarify the theoretical logic and strategic path of new quality productive forces empowering the high-quality development of tourism industry, several experts on regional economic development, the digital economy, tourism management and geography were interviewed. The interviews were based on the logic of "problem orientation-innovative thinking-path mechanism", focusing on the background, opportunities and challenges, core meanings, drivers, and innovations empowering the high-quality development of tourism new quality productive forces. There were three main conclusions from this research. The first was the strategic opportunities and risks of promoting the high-quality development of tourism through new quality productive forces against a background of rapid and continuous technological change. New quality productive forces optimize resource allocation through scientific and technological innovation, and improve the production efficiency and growth quality of tourism. They also produce new tourism development models and forms of business, constantly generating momentum to drive high-quality economic and social improvements. Especially in rural tourism, the role of new quality productive forces is particularly significant. It promotes the gradual improvement of the rural tourism production network, enhances cooperation among rural tourism stakeholders, helps rural tourism participants evolve new production initiatives, and ultimately reinvigorates rural areas with increased prosperity. However, given globalization and rapid digitalization, innovation in tourism faces a series of challenges. In particular, the lack of systematic development of tourism software and hardware, risks of data security and privacy protection, resistance to change and innovation in traditional tourism, and the "growing pains" brought by the transformation to new technologies deserve attention. The development of new quality productive forces in future tourism must focus on technological innovation, find and prepare a quality tourism workforce, optimize and more closely integrate products and services with human talent, and significantly improve the total factor productivity of tourism. Second, the process of empowering the high-quality development of tourism must encompass technological innovation leading to industrial modernization. Innovation plays a leading role in new quality productive forces and is the core driver of the high-quality development of tourism. The new quality productive forces empowering this tourism development have several specific features. Technological innovation leads the modernization of the tourism sector and is a prerequisite for the high-quality development of tourism. Factor integration and supply-demand matching are the intrinsic requirements for the high-quality development of tourism. Other critical ingredients are digitization, greening and artificial intelligence. The significant improvement of total factor productivity must be the core goal for the high-quality development of tourism. Third, the guidance of national strategy is crucial to the progress and prospects for new quality productive forces empowering the high-quality development of tourism. New quality productive forces are receiving widespread emphasis since their inception and have become a core issue highly valued by the tourism sector in China. In the New Era, modern technology has become a key production factor in tourism. Additionally, the transformation and upgrading of tourism is dynamically advancing, growth is strengthening, and the ability of tourism to serve national economic and social-cultural strategies is becoming more noticeable. However, it should not be overlooked that high-quality tourism development is still faced with serious problems such as weak technological innovation capabilities, uneven regional development, inadequate circulation of factor resources, and insufficient human talent for tourism. To further enhance the beneficial impacts of new quality productive forces in stimulating the high-quality development of tourism, it is necessary to focus on deepening the reform of the system and operations in tourism, optimizing the creative allocation of tourism production factors, accelerating the development of a modern tourism sector, and improving the quality of professional tourism talent. These three recommendations will not only enhance the understanding and application of new quality productive forces to a certain extent, but also provide decision-making support for building China into a leading tourism nation in the world.

  • JIANG Wei-guo, WANG Xiao-ya, LI Zhuo, LING Zi-yan, DENG Ya-wen
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(6): 1241-1261. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240601

    Urban wetlands are an important part of the urban system and have very important ecological and social functions. Wetland city is an honorary initiative implemented by the Ramsar Convention to commend cities for their achievements in protecting wetlands. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the key to solving global problems. It is leading and guiding wetland protection and urban development. This study connects the wetland cities with the United Nations Sustainable Development Strategy and attempts to explore new paths for synergy between urban development and wetland protection. (1) It sorted out the development history and certification process of wetland cities comprehensively, and summarized the experience of 13 wetland cities of China. (2) It introduced the three stages of sustainable development, and summarized international initiatives related to wetlands and cities based on Sustainable Development Goals. (3) The future trend should aim to promote the exploration of sustainable development paradigms of wetland cities towards "international convention organization-creation effectiveness monitoring-development indicator evaluation", and to enrich high-quality development practices of wetland cities towards "national strategic needs and local urban construction". This study provides technical support for intelligent decision-making services of urban wetlands focusing on "urban wetland remote sensing monitoring-urban wetland simulation prediction-urban wetland comprehensive assessment and services".

  • LIU Yu-ting, QIN Meng-lin, OUYANG Hui-ting, JIANG Hong-bo, WU Xin-yu, LUO Ding-ding
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(6): 1358-1383. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240607

    Under the background of vigorously promoting the territorial spatial planning in the New Era, the efficient, sustainable and fair allocation of territorial spatial resources have become the basic research topic that must be carried out. Taking Guangxi, which is located in the core area of ecological barrier in Southern China, as the study subject, this study used the quantitative supply and demand matching process under the accounting of ecosystem service value and the analytical method of PLE-ES supply and demand quadrant matrix. The objective was to analyze the quantitative relationship and spatial matching characteristics of supply and demand for ecosystem services under the process of territorial spatial resource allocation. This study aimed to construct an optimization method for territorial spatial resource allocation centered on the balance of supply and demand for ecosystem services. The results showed that: (1) In 2000, 2010 and 2020, the mean difference between supply and demand of Guangxi's territorial spatial resources support services (Q) was 0.30, the mean difference between supply and demand of regulating services (Q) was 0.33, the mean difference between supply and demand of supply services (Q) was 0.06, and the mean difference between supply and demand of cultural services (Q) was 0.03. The overall performance was that the demand of support services and cultural services exceeded supply, and the supply of regulating services and supply services exceeded demand. In terms of allocation quality, except for the regulating services coordination degree (C), which was 0.16, the other three types of services coordination degree (C) were greater than 0.60, indicating fair and efficient allocation. (2) The supply and demand matching relationship of productive resources in the study area were mainly in the "high-supply low-demand" area, the living resources were mainly in the "low-supply low-demand" area, and the ecological resources were mainly in the "low-supply low-demand" and "high-supply low-demand" areas. (3) Taking the supply and demand balance of ecosystem services as the value orientation, Guangxi was divided into three primary units for resources allocation optimization, namely the resources-rich area in Western Guangxi, the integrated development area in Eastern Guangxi, and the Beibu Gulf Economic area. Identified the supply source and demand destination of territorial spatial resources, and then constructed a "one map" of territorial spatial resources circulation that can promote regional collaboration and rational resources utilization.

  • SHI Chang-liang
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(6): 1418-1433. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240610

    Chinese agricultural production is changing from factor input type to efficiency enhancing type. Whether land transfer can drive agriculture into a high-quality development track, the effects and mechanisms have not been effectively demonstrated. Based on the theoretical analysis, the article uses the SBM-GML model to construct green total factor productivity indicators to measure the high-quality agricultural development level in each provincial-level region, and then uses the panel data models with interactive fixed effects to test the land transfer impact on high-quality agricultural development and its mechanism based on the panel data of 30 provincial-level regions of China from 2005 to 2022. The study found that, (1) land transfer significantly contributes to high-quality agricultural development, and this finding still holds in controlling regional omitted variables, systematic GMM estimation, instrumental variable estimation and exogenous shock test. (2) Land transfer mainly promotes high-quality agricultural development by increasing agricultural output, while its effect on reducing agricultural non-point source pollution is unclear. Although land transfer has not significantly promoted large-scale management, it has effectively improved the land and labor utilization efficiency which helps to promote high-quality agricultural development. (3) Different forms of land transfer have heterogeneous impacts on high-quality agricultural development, compared with spontaneous forms of transfer such as exchange or transfer, the market-based forms such as lease or shareholding have a more significant impact on high-quality agricultural development. (4) Different land transfer recipients also have heterogeneous impacts on high-quality agricultural development, compared with transferring land to ordinary farmers, transferring land to new business entities such as family farms, professional cooperatives and enterprises can significantly contribute to high-quality agricultural developmentt.

  • HAN Yu-fei, WU Feng-ping, WANG Wei, JI Ying-wen, WANG Rui-fang, WANG Xiao-yu
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(6): 1450-1472. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240612

    Reclaimed water allocation is an important policy to cope with the problem of water resources shortage and water environment pollution. At present, China urgently needs to establish a set of theoretical system of reclaimed water allocation in line with China's national conditions and water resources characteristics. This study summarizes the main experience of recycled water utilization in the United States, Japan, Singapore and Israel. Three basic elements of reclaimed water allocation in China are proposed: price mechanism, supply and demand situation and allocation relationship. The theoretical model is constructed based on the basic elements: First, comprehensively consider the cost of reclaimed water utilization, supply and demand sides of the shadow price of reclaimed water, to build a reclaimed water comprehensive price model; secondly, comprehensively consider the use of reclaimed water in the industry sector, and the driving factors of the demand for reclaimed water in various industries, to build a reclaimed water demand forecasting model; thirdly, in accordance with the requirements of the target in a top-down system, establish the interval two-layer planning models of reclaimed water allocation, in order to achieve the "region-industry" at different levels of the allocation of reclaimed water. This study aims to enhance the systematic and pioneering nature of the theory of reclaimed water allocation, and to provide reference for the implementation of wastewater resource utilization.

  • WANG Fang, LIU Yong, HE Jin-sheng, HU Xie, QIN Yue, WANG Le-ye
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(5): 997-1007. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240501

    In the complex human and water adaptation process, river basins have become the containers and links that nurture human civilization and witness the evolution of urban and rural areas. River basin habitats refer to the adaptive systems formed by the interaction and coevolution of river basin and human settlement, characterized by integrity, dynamism, and synergy. From the multi-disciplinary common problems, the river basin habitats (riv-habitats) science encompasses three key issues: element coupling, scale correlation, and system evolution. It refines the theoretical model of the "node-setting-connection" structural theory and the "locality-adaptation" evolutionary theory and also improves a new paradigm of interdisciplinary approach and artificial intelligence for river basin habitats. As an interdisciplinary field that adapts to the needs of the times and that aims at the sustainable development goal of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, riv-habitats science comprehensively applies the knowledge and methods of multiple disciplines to carry out interdisciplinary systematic research on river basin habitats, which will contribute to the ecological civilization and high-quality development and construction of river basins in the New Era.

  • WANG Tian-yu, YUE Wen-ze
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(5): 1008-1021. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240502

    The patterns of territorial spatial development determine the dynamic carbon balance in regional terrestrial ecosystems. In the context of global "carbon neutrality" and China's new urbanization transformation, it is urgent to establish development patterns that enhance terrestrial ecosystems' carbon sink capacity. To this end, the study establishes a systematic cognitive framework for the carbon balance effects of land use under urbanization. It proposes a "direct-indirect-potential" typology for the impact of urbanization-induced land use changes on terrestrial ecosystems' carbon cycling. To achieve the goal of carbon sequestration and increase in terrestrial ecosystems, the study explores the inherent logic of low-carbon optimization in territorial spatial layout. It also deconstructs the governance dimensions of low-carbon optimization in territorial spatial layout concerning "quantity, spatial layout, and spatial utilization". Finally, the study proposes policy instruments and improvement suggestions for supporting low-carbon adjustments in territorial spatial layout. In conclusion, the study's first contribution is the enhancement of low-carbon thinking in territorial spatial development and utilization. Secondly, it broadens the research path for low-carbon optimization in territorial space. The study highlights the positive role of territorial spatial layout optimization and governance in achieving regional "carbon neutrality" goals.

  • Research on China's Tourism Resources in the New Era
    MA Xue-feng, ZHAO Jie
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(4): 749-767. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240401

    In the context of Chinese-style modernization, the common prosperity effect of tourism resource development is explored to point out the direction of exploration for accelerating the high-quality development of tourism industry and realizing the goal of common prosperity. This study clarifies the mechanism of tourism resource development through the income growth effect, infrastructure enhancement effect, culture communication effect and factor flow effect to promote the realization of common prosperity, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation system of tourism resource development in terms of scale and quality. The spatial econometric modeling is applied to empirically test the impact of mountain tourism resource development on the common prosperity based on the relevant data at the district and county level of the Western Hunan Area from 2007 to 2021. Ultimately, it proposes targeted development model optimization strategies based on the real needs of enhancing the value of resources, promoting rural revitalization and contributing to the common prosperity. The results show that: (1) The overall level of tourism resource development in Western Hunan Area shows a gentle growth trend, but the spatial difference is obvious, in which Yongding district and Fenghuang county are always the dominant parties, while Luxi county is in a relatively disadvantageous position. (2) The level of common prosperity in Western Hunan Area continues to improve, but there are still imbalances between districts and counties, with Yongding district, Jishou city and Hecheng district, where the municipal administrative center is located, in the top three. (3) Tourism resource development has a significant positive spatial spillover effect on common prosperity, that is, it can enhance the level of common prosperity in the region and adjacent regions. Both tourism scale and tourism quality can be effective in empowering common prosperity, and the positive effect of tourism quality on common prosperity is better than that of tourism scale. The impact of tourism resource development on common prosperity varies significantly in different regions, with Zhangjiajie city having the largest common prosperity effect of tourism resource development, followed by Huaihua city and Xiangxi prefecture. Guided by the goal of common prosperity, the models of sustainable utilization, quality upgrading, and regional integration for the development of mountain tourism resource are proposed.

  • Regular Articles
    HUANG Yi-jing, ZHANG Shan-qi, LIN Yun, ZHEN Feng, ZHAO Sai-shuai, LI Lu
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(4): 823-841. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240405

    In the context of digital transformation, establishing and improving the monitoring mechanism for the implementation of territorial spatial planning is an important key to enhance the efficiency of spatial governance as well as national governance. The implementation monitoring of territorial spatial planning in the New Era involves long-term and dynamic monitoring of the planning process and the spatial changes influenced by development, utilization, and protection. It serves as a necessary prerequisite for understanding the real-time status of spatial planning and promoting real-time feedback for planning optimization. This article systematically reviews the development of China's related work on planning implementation monitoring, and summarizes the shortcomings of existing work from positioning, content and technical framework, and transmission mechanism. Based on the analysis above, it clarifies the connotation of "continuous monitoring" and the positioning of "comprehensive supporting" for the implementation monitoring of territorial spatial planning. Furthermore, with the case of Ningbo city in Zhejiang province, it constructs the content framework of implementation monitoring for territorial spatial planning from three aspects: the implementation of planning requirements, the external effects of planning, and the adjustment of planning during processes. Also, it improves the monitoring indicators and builds flexible units for monitoring analysis and predicting models for future warning. All in all, it provides references for conducting comprehensive implementation monitoring methods of territorial spatial planning on city level.