In the context of Chinese-style modernization, the common prosperity effect of tourism resource development is explored to point out the direction of exploration for accelerating the high-quality development of tourism industry and realizing the goal of common prosperity. This study clarifies the mechanism of tourism resource development through the income growth effect, infrastructure enhancement effect, culture communication effect and factor flow effect to promote the realization of common prosperity, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation system of tourism resource development in terms of scale and quality. The spatial econometric modeling is applied to empirically test the impact of mountain tourism resource development on the common prosperity based on the relevant data at the district and county level of the Western Hunan Area from 2007 to 2021. Ultimately, it proposes targeted development model optimization strategies based on the real needs of enhancing the value of resources, promoting rural revitalization and contributing to the common prosperity. The results show that: (1) The overall level of tourism resource development in Western Hunan Area shows a gentle growth trend, but the spatial difference is obvious, in which Yongding district and Fenghuang county are always the dominant parties, while Luxi county is in a relatively disadvantageous position. (2) The level of common prosperity in Western Hunan Area continues to improve, but there are still imbalances between districts and counties, with Yongding district, Jishou city and Hecheng district, where the municipal administrative center is located, in the top three. (3) Tourism resource development has a significant positive spatial spillover effect on common prosperity, that is, it can enhance the level of common prosperity in the region and adjacent regions. Both tourism scale and tourism quality can be effective in empowering common prosperity, and the positive effect of tourism quality on common prosperity is better than that of tourism scale. The impact of tourism resource development on common prosperity varies significantly in different regions, with Zhangjiajie city having the largest common prosperity effect of tourism resource development, followed by Huaihua city and Xiangxi prefecture. Guided by the goal of common prosperity, the models of sustainable utilization, quality upgrading, and regional integration for the development of mountain tourism resource are proposed.

In the context of digital transformation, establishing and improving the monitoring mechanism for the implementation of territorial spatial planning is an important key to enhance the efficiency of spatial governance as well as national governance. The implementation monitoring of territorial spatial planning in the New Era involves long-term and dynamic monitoring of the planning process and the spatial changes influenced by development, utilization, and protection. It serves as a necessary prerequisite for understanding the real-time status of spatial planning and promoting real-time feedback for planning optimization. This article systematically reviews the development of China's related work on planning implementation monitoring, and summarizes the shortcomings of existing work from positioning, content and technical framework, and transmission mechanism. Based on the analysis above, it clarifies the connotation of "continuous monitoring" and the positioning of "comprehensive supporting" for the implementation monitoring of territorial spatial planning. Furthermore, with the case of Ningbo city in Zhejiang province, it constructs the content framework of implementation monitoring for territorial spatial planning from three aspects: the implementation of planning requirements, the external effects of planning, and the adjustment of planning during processes. Also, it improves the monitoring indicators and builds flexible units for monitoring analysis and predicting models for future warning. All in all, it provides references for conducting comprehensive implementation monitoring methods of territorial spatial planning on city level.

The fundamental guarantee of national food security lies in cultivated land. In the background of territorial and spatial use control, the single control of cultivated land quantity from the past has turned to the implementation of "storing grain in the land" strategy nowadays, and the "integrated food security thought" has also given a new connotation to the national food security strategy. The governance of "non-grain" in the new era needs to explore the response logic of cultivated land use control and thus construct a theoretical framework system. By reviewing the implementation of "non-grain" governance policies and the current dilemma between public goods and autonomous management, standard identification and policy implementation, consumption transformation and social service, this paper points out that the response logic of cultivated land use control should be focused on the three different dimensions of governance perspectives, namely bottom-line control, dynamic development and value realization. Aiming at each perspective, analysis of relationships should focus on the following aspects, protecting national and personal interests from the perspective of security and efficiency coordination, dealing with the self-sufficiency of rations and the upgrading of consumption from the perspective of supply and demand matching, realizing the priority and versatility of cultivated land utilization from the perspective of resource and asset transformation. The theoretical framework should refer to the principles of multi-level planning targets, refined zoning management, life cycle process and differentiated rule system. Further, the establishment of the use control framework consists of four core contents, regulation basis, pattern, section and methods. The regulation basis should refine the rules of "transfer-in" and "transfer-out" of cultivated land, which is helpful to improve the rule of law. The regulation pattern should make good use of the combination of partition, element and behavior, and carry out differentiated control measures mainly according to "three areas and three lines". The regulation section should highlight the "non-grain" governance of life cycle process, which needs to strengthen the role of use control in all aspects of investigation, registration, planning, restoration, utilization and supervision. The regulation methods should focus on innovation in aspects of administrative, social, economic and technical fields. In conclusion, this study can provide reference for the policy design of preventing "non-grain" and improving China's most stringent system of cultivated land protection.

Assessment and monitoring are an essential part of promoting the achievement of the sustainable development. Currently, theoretical research and localized program around the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been in full swing, but the relevant assessment and practice process is still lacking in the consideration of target constraints and hierarchical transmission. To this end, the study establishes a sustainable development assessment oriented towards the SDGs and concerned on the systematicity and openness, which can be deconstructed and applied in multiscale spatial units. The results show that, at the national and regional levels, the gap between SDGs and the current level in 2020 regarding to the dimensions of safe ecology, pleasant environment and green development is rapidly narrowing. On the contrary, there is still a large gap on the dimension of harmony society, though the index experiences a steady growth, which can be interpreted as the uneven income distribution and large urban-rural differences. It is crucial to identify the priorities of different regions and the synergies and trade-off between indicators in different scaled objectives to promote the implementation of the SDGs. The proposed assessment program supports the diagnosis of regional problems of sustainable development and the understanding of interrelationships between different regions and goals. It also facilitates the active participation of different levels and actors in the cause of sustainable development within an open framework, and helps to systematically assess and monitor the process of realizing SDGs.

Territorial and spatial use regulation can correct market failure, but its policy externality may widen the development gap between regions and affect the overall high-quality development of China's economy. It is of vital significance to clarify and validate the practical effects of territorial and spatial use regulation on high-quality economic development and the underlying theoretical logic. Marginal analysis and geographical detector methods were adopted in this study. Based on provincial panel data from 2010 to 2021, this paper analyzes and verifies the effects of territorial and spatial use regulation on high-quality economic development in China from two dimensions: regulation intensity and regulation validity. Research findings: (1) From a national perspective, the influencing factors of high-quality economic development are opening-up, technology investment, validity of territorial and spatial use regulation, capital stock, human capital, and intensity of territorial and spatial use regulation. (2) There is regional heterogeneity in the impact of human capital and technology investment on high-quality economic development. (3) There is an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between the intensity of territorial and spatial use regulation and the level of high-quality economic development. With the increase in the intensity of territorial and spatial use regulation, the level of high-quality development of regional economy first increases and then decreases. (4) The validity of territorial and spatial use regulation is significantly and positively correlated with the level of high-quality economic development. The factor contribution of the validity of territorial and spatial use regulation to high-quality economic development is 0.406. The following conclusions can be drawn: Scientific implementation of territorial and spatial use regulation can promote high-quality economic development in China. The study proposes suggestions and enlightenments on promoting high-quality development of the China's economy, such as maintaining the optimal range of territorial and spatial use regulation intensity, improving the compensation mechanism, enhancing the validity of territorial and spatial use regulation, and formulating targeted implementation plans for high-quality economic development in different regions.

After the national territory spatial planning system was established, the relevant work about performance evaluation of spatial development should be carried out scientifically and systematically, and it will become an important support for spatial development and land use control in territory spatial plannings at all levels. Based on the spatial performance evaluation in the existing practice, the study tries to explain the connotation of performance evaluation of spatial development in the context of territory spatial planning system, and then combines the ongoing practices at various levels to propose a framework system and key issues. According to the study, the topic about performance evaluation of spatial development originates from the serious problems existing in traditional spatial development models and the long-term strategic demand for optimizing the spatial pattern. It has become an important research direction in the field of spatial development in new development stage, and will contribute to the optimization and high-quality development of various types of space patterns in territory spatial planning. At the same time, the performance evaluation and improvement of spatial development should be coordinated with territory spatial planning at all levels, forming a multi-level framework from macro- to micro-perspective. The performance evaluation of spatial development can provide comprehensive ideas for guiding the improvement of spatial performance in territory spatial planning, as well as inspiration for the formulation of corresponding policies such as spatial redevelopment.

On the basis of putting forward the connotation of marine geoeconomics, this paper combs the development process, research hotspots and research priorities of Chinese scholars, summarizes the research characteristics and existing shortcomings of marine geoeconomics, and looks forward to the future research trends. (1) Marine geoeconomics derives from geoeconomics and marine geopolitics, and is influenced by geopolitics. The core theme of the study is the economic and trade linkages of sea related countries. (2) The evolution process of marine geoeconomics thought can be divided into four stages: the embryonic period of thought, the initial formation period, the rise and development period, and the steady exploration period. The hotspots of the research are from the germination of marine geo-thought which stays at the ideological level, to strategic thinking around the struggle for sea power, to the qualitative exploration under the system of geo-economic theory, and to the quantitative analysis which is becoming more diversified and clearer. (3) China's research focus mainly includes marine geo-economic theories, marine geo-economic activities, marine geo-economic relationship, marine strategic resources competition pattern, marine geoeconomic strategies, high seas protected areas, etc. (4) At present, the study of marine geoeconomics in China is still in its initial stage of exploration, and the relevant basic theoretical research and quantitative analysis from multi-scales and multi-perspectives are relatively lacking, and the disciplinary characteristics of geography and resource science have not been fully reflected. However, it has gradually attracted the attention of multidisciplinary scholars, and the research content shows a trend of diversification. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the theoretical paradigm and decision-making support of marine geoeconomics research, the development, utilization and protection of high seas resources and its spatial effect, the community of human maritime destiny and the sustainable development and utilization of international marine resources, the security of maritime transport channels and the resilience of port and shipping supply chain, and China's marine geoeconomic environment under the background of the construction of a maritime power.

The typical black soil areas of Northeast China is facing problems such as degradation of ecosystem service functions, fragmented landscape patterns and conflicts between agriculture and ecological space. The scientific formulation of guiding framework for the delineation and optimization of ecological protection redline in black soil areas is of great significance in ensuring food security and ecological safety. This study clarified the meaning of ecological protection redline based on the perspective of ecological security pattern, and proposed the idea of systemic ecological protection redline delineation based on the importance of ecological protection, coordination of agriculture and ecological space, and coordination of natural and social system, and identified ecological protection redline optimization areas by considering the fragmentation and connectivity of ecosystem. The results show that: (1) On the premise of guaranteeing that no high-quality cropland was allocated (the threshold value was 10%), 69646.00 km² of the preliminary delineation area of the ecological protection redline were determined by overlaying extremely important areas for ecosystem services, extremely sensitive areas for ecological environment, and areas with mismatch between supply and demand of ecosystem services, and extracting 34760.16 km² of ecological source land; (2) A total of 10980.90 km² of ecological corridors and 77 ecological nodes were identified based on the ecological source and construction of a comprehensive ecological resistance surface, and their buffer zones and ecological protection areas together constituted an ecological protection redline area of 76234.54 km²; (3) Based on the optimization thresholds of fragmentation (0.20) and connectivity (80), approximately 25.48% of the ecological redline area was in urgent need of optimization. The results of the study improve the scientific and systematic nature of ecological protection redline delineation and optimization, and provide an important basis for the precise control of land space and strengthening ecosystem sustainability management in typical black soil areas of Northeast China, as well as important guidance for small and medium-scale regions with highly intensive land use and scarce ecological space.

Following the concept of system integrated development of "mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and sands" to revitalize the value of rural ecological resources is the key to promoting comprehensive rural revitalization in the New Era. On the basis of revealing the three-stage development connotation of "cultivation of ecological resource value, deepening of ecological resource capital, and realization of ecological resource value" that ecological resource value has gone through, this paper elaborates on the logical relationship between activation of ecological resource value and rural revitalization, and deeply analyzes the three-stage logical mechanism of ecological resource value activation promoting rural revitalization, and explores the typical regional models for promoting rural revitalization, as well as the regional and common practical difficulties that need to be overcome in the process of promoting rural revitalization. Based on the perspectives of logical development, regional difficulties, and common difficulties, a breakthrough path for the activation of ecological resources value to promote rural revitalization is proposed, providing scientific basis and theoretical guidance for revitalizing the value of ecological resources and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization.

The realization of the value of ecological products in the field of natural resources is a key path to implement the transformation concept of "two mountains" and promote ecological benefits and economic development. The existing ecological product value realization mechanism and local practice mode have problems such as single governance subject and insufficient driving force of participating subject. Therefore, this paper analyzes the theoretical logic of ecological product value realization in the field of natural resources with the help of multi-agent collaborative governance theory. Based on this, a multi-agent collaborative mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products in the field of natural resources is designed with the "production-supply-sales" mechanism, the value co-creation mechanism of ecological products in the field of natural resources and the information exchange mechanism of ecological products in the field of natural resources as the core elements. This will help expand the value realization model of land resource ecological products, water resource ecological products, forest resource ecological products, wetland resource ecological products. Guided by the multi-subject cooperative mechanism of ecological product value realization in the field of natural resources, we create a new pattern of ecological product value realization with multi-subject co-governance.

Land use optimization in comprehensive land consolidation can meet the different demands for land under different objectives and alleviate potential land use conflicts. The national pilot project of comprehensive land consolidation in Danzhou city in Hainan province is selected as a case in this study. This paper sets two scenarios for comprehensive land consolidation including ecological value priority and realization potential of ecological product value priority under the trade-off between the increasing ecological value and realization potential of ecological product value. And the land use optimization is based on the third national land resource survey of the pilot project. Then the multi-objective programming model and GeoSOS-FLUS model are employed to optimize the land use structure and land use layout under two scenarios in comprehensive land consolidation. The results show that: (1) Compared to the land use status in 2019, the areas of mangrove forest and paddy field significantly increase under the ecological value priority scenario in the pilot project zone. The overall landscape exhibits a high level of polymerization, while evenness and fragmentation levels are relatively high. (2) Compared to the ecological value priority scenario, the areas of mangrove forest and paddy field decrease under the realization potential of the ecological product value priority scenario in the pilot project zone. And the areas of commercial and service land significantly increase. The level of landscape fragmentation of the overall landscape increases as well. (3) There are similarities and differences between the land use layout under the two scenarios and the construction project layout of comprehensive land consolidation in the Implementation Plan for the National Pilot Project of Comprehensive Land Consolidation in the Starting Zone of Danzhou City. Therefore, the areas and spatial layout of different types of land for increasing ecological value and realizing the potential of ecological product value should be considered overall in the comprehensive land consolidation. Meanwhile, we should pay attention to the effects of land use optimization on the landscape.

The deepening development of globalization and the transformation of regionalization are driving the continuous reshaping of the global political and economic pattern, while overseas strategic pivots, with their prominent geographical influence, play a supporting role in a country's global strategic deployment. This research combined geopolitical theory, new state space theory and location theory to reveal the impact mechanism and logical framework of spatial selection of China's overseas strategic pivots (COSPs) at different scales. On this basis, it preliminarily constructed the spatial selection model of COSPs, and then proposed an action path to put the model into practice from the perspective of actors. The results show that: (1) Geopolitical theory, new state space theory and location theory respectively dominate the spatial selection of COSPs at higher scale, mesoscale and lower scale. Specifically, the five underlying motivations derived from the three-dimensional perspective of "power-capital-space" have driven the rimland between land and sea powers to become the soil for cultivating COSP regions and countries; as a specific form of state spatial selectivity, COSP areas should be selected from strategic functional areas in COSP countries that are deeply supported by state spatial projects and strategies; owing to superior location conditions and location demand, coastal or border hub cities, international ports and parks in COSP countries have become the spatial selection range of COSP cities, ports and parks. (2) Each of the above three theories has its own emphasis, that is, they respectively dominate the spatial selection logic of COSPs at different scales; and they are also nested with each other, which means that the spatial selection of COSPs at various scales will inevitably be influenced by the geopolitical environment, state spatial selectivity and location conditions, thus shaping the logical framework of spatial selection. (3) The spatial selection model of COSPs has the characteristics of interlocking and multi-directional flow. In practice, the basic concept of "government domination and multiple actors initiation" should be adopted to strengthen top-level design, decision-making assistance and technical breakthroughs. The results can enrich the strategic pivot research framework and provide theoretical reference and policy inspiration for enhancing China's geopolitical influence.

With the continuous improvement of human production innovation, the ontological cognition of ocean as a resource has gradually expanded from 'territorial' ocean to the field of high seas. The sustainable development of marine resources in the high seas is facing multiple threats. The delineation of protected areas on the high seas has become an important issue of global marine governance. From the perspective of human-ocean relationship, this paper studies the geo-setting system of high seas protected areas under the BBNJ, and puts forward the analytical thoughts and methods of high seas protected areas with geographical characteristics that China needs at present. First of all, this study deconstructs the human-ocean relationship in the high seas protected areas into the bottom layer and the operation layer. It reveals the human domain behavior of repair, maintenance and potential competition in the bottom layer, as well as the attributes of public, volumetric and dynamic ocean ontology. We simulate the human-ocean interaction process in the high seas protected areas in the operation layer, deconstruct the three links in the interaction process: foundation and support of human-ocean interaction, core of human-ocean interaction, premise and reflection of human-ocean interaction, and cover four subsystems: natural system, artificial system, relational system, and conceptual system. This leads to the marine geo-setting system of the high-seas protected areas, which is the core of human-ocean interaction. Secondly, this paper analyzes the marine geo-setting system of the high seas protected areas. According to the multiple interactions between human territorialization behavior and marine ontological attributes of the high seas protected areas, the paper summarizes the characteristics of the marine geo-setting system of the high seas protected areas into four aspects: subject diversity, spatial limitation, complex sensitivity and pattern variability and proposes that the marine environment is the supporting force; rules and institutions are the driving force; marine geo-relationships and geo-structure are the powering force; marine technology is the guarantee capability of evolution mechanism. Finally, according to the contents discussed in this study, combined with the current situation and the actual needs of China's participation in global marine governance, the policy suggestions for China's involvement in the demarcation of high seas protected areas are put forward.

The analysis of geo-economic relations from an industrial scale provides valuable insights into comprehending the formation of the prevailing international industrial division of labor pattern and the distribution of interests among nations. Therefore, it becomes imperative to introduce a more microscopic industrial scale into geo-economic analysis to gain a deeper understanding of these dynamics. Taking the nations surrounding the South China Sea as the research object, using national trade data, based on the geo-economic tightness model and the industrial structure similarity coefficient model, this paper calculates the geo-economic connection tightness and industrial coopetition relationship on the national and industrial scales of the nations surrounding the South China Sea from 2003 to 2021, and uses the fixed-effect model to analyze the potential influencing factors. The results reveal several significant findings. Firstly, the overall geo-economic tightness among the nations surrounding the South China Sea exhibits an upward trend, accompanied by a gradual shift in the core area from the southern to the northern region. Within the context of the industrial scale, the tightness of geo-economic relations displays an overall growth trajectory; however, notable variations in growth rates are observed across different industries. Notably, the machinery and transport equipment industry experiences a substantially higher growth rate compared to other sectors. Moreover, the geo-economic tightness within the marine industry presents a three-core pattern, characterized by opposing dynamics between the northern, southern, and eastern regions. Secondly, the industrial competition and cooperation relationship between nations surrounding the South China Sea demonstrates a multipolar development trend, with significant disparities observed among nations. The coopetition relationships across various industries exhibit relative stability on the whole, lacking any evident trend towards competition or cooperation. Nevertheless, there exists an upward trend in the disparities among industries. Furthermore, the coopetition relationship within the marine industry displays notable variations among nations, with the overall level remaining relatively high; however, the scope for geo-economic cooperation remains limited. Finally, this paper emphasizes the influence of spatial factors, natural endowment factors, institutional factors, and cultural factors on geo-economic tightness and industrial coopetition relationships across different scales and industries. It is important to note that these factors exhibit distinct variations and exert varying degrees of impact in different contexts.

The community is the space unit most closely related to the daily life of residents. Developments in information and communication technology (ICT) have affected the daily activity patterns of urban residents and the way they use community service amenities. A new form of community life circle characterized by the interaction of virtual and physical spaces has emerged. Against this backdrop, it is urgent to innovate planning methods of community life circles, and explore the approaches of evaluating and optimizing the layout of community life circle amenities based on the interaction between virtual and physical spaces. These explorations will help tackle with practical challenges related to insufficient community amenities facilities, low efficiency of public service and mismatch between service provision and the needs of local residents. This paper first reviews the research progress regarding quantitative approaches of evaluating and optimizing community life circle amenities. Future research directions regarding the planning of communitiy life circle based on the perspective of virtual-physical space interactions are then proposed. Specifically, future research should focus on the mechanisms of how virtual service impact residents' activities and community space, the dynamic evaluation method of amenities based on the interaction of virtual and real space and the simulation method for optimizing the spatial layout of service amenities. This paper will enrich our understanding of community life circle and facilitate the empirical research and the practice of planning community life circle from the new perspective.

Land use transitions are the processes of pursuing the maximization of land use benefits. Using theoretical analysis, literature research and case study method, the land use, mechanism of land use transitions, the "coordination-conflict-coordination" alternating evolution mode of land use morphology and the optimization effects of land use transitions on territorial spatial development patterns are discussed from the perspective of the spatial functions of land use benefits. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The spatial function of land use benefits reflects the pattern of output of regional land use benefits. The spatial function of land use benefits of each land use type jointly determines the benefits relative advantage areas of each land use type. (2) The action path of regional land use transitions from underlying to surface can be summarized as "three-dimensional original driving forces-recessive morphology changes-benefits functions changes-spatial conflict and coordination-dominant morphology changes". Land use transitions pursue not only the optimal coupling between the recessive morphology of regional land use and the "natural environment-economic society-management system" (recessive morphology optimization), but also the optimal coupling between the dominant morphology of land use and the spatial functions of land use benefits (dominant morphology optimization), thus transforming the strong spatial conflicts of land use types into weak conflicts (coordination), and close to achieving the maximum total benefits of land use morphology (benefits optimization). (3) The changes of the spatial functions of land use benefits are the upper reaches and driving link of the "coordination-conflict-coordination" alternating evolution of land use morphology, the final benefits output of land use is its downstream response, and land use transitions are the long-term result of the above alternating evolution. The total benefits output of regional land use morphology is the bond and link between specific land use morphology and specific socio-economy development stage. (4) Land use transitions have service advantages for the optimization of territorial spatial patterns in smaller regions and scales, and need to interact and connect with the larger scale of territorial spatial planning to realize the optimization effects.

Territorial ecological restoration highly emphasizes ecosystem integrity. For watersheds, complete natural geographical units, territorial ecological restoration will play an important role in the construction of ecological civilization in the new era. According to the context of "one core-two dimensions-three connections", the theoretical cognition of watershed-based territorial ecological restoration is deepened. Among them, "one core" refers to "water" as the core element of watershed ecological protection and restoration. "Two dimensions" includes two scales of time and space, among which temporal scale focuses on the balance in the short term and long term, and the dynamic adaptation, while the spatial scale emphasizes regional integration and inter-regional cooperation. "Three connections", proposed from the perspective of "social-ecological systems", refers to the coordination of ecological functions and human well-being, the coordination of natural boundaries and administrative boundaries, and the coordination of natural restoration and artificial restoration. Combined with the systematic cognition of watershed-based territorial ecological restoration, four key points of watershed ecological restoration planning are proposed, including quantitative characterization of the relationship between human and water, clarity on connection between spatial and temporal scales, implement governance by zoning and classification, and strengthening of planning sustainability by nature-based solutions. The research results can provide scientific support for the construction of sustainable pattern of watershed territorial development and protection.

With the extensive promotion of the practice of three-dimensional and stratified utilization of sea areas in various regions, the focus of sea area management has shifted from mode exploration to space management. Because most of the three-dimensional and layered uses of sea areas come from different sea use subjects, the coordination of space conflicts has become the core issue of three-dimensional management of sea areas. The purpose of this study is to deconstruct the main body of space use of sea use activities, excavate the spatio-temporal behavior rules and key influencing factors of sea use activities, analyze their space use characteristics at different implementation stages, reveal the formation mechanism of space conflict in the three-dimensional and layered use of sea space, and then propose a feasible coordination path to provide support for the three-dimensional management of sea space. Methods of inductive deduction and logical deduction were employed. The results show that: (1) The starting point of the three-dimensional stratified utilization of the sea area is the rational allocation of the vertical space, the mutual exclusion of the vertical space is the basic premise, and the spatial use characteristics of the sea use activities are the key influencing factors of the three-dimensional stratified utilization of the sea area. (2) The spatial conflict of the three-dimensional and stratified use of sea areas is the problem of overlapping of the spatial scope of different sea use activities under the framework of the principle of spatial exclusivity, and the reduction of the safety and feasibility of sea use activities caused by the pursuit of space efficiency. (3) The space conflict of the three-dimensional and layered utilization of the sea area arises from the construction or maintenance period of the sea use project, including space invasion, space deprivation and space restriction. (4) The mobility of space users, the standardization of sea area development and utilization activities, and the space scope of sea use activities are the key factors that affect the formation of space conflicts. In conclusion, to coordinate the space conflict of the three-dimensional and layered utilization of the sea area, we should strengthen the construction control during the construction and maintenance period, enhance the coordination of stakeholders, unify the three-dimensional sea area definition standard of the sea use activities, and optimize the marine space planning and use control.

The rapid development of intelligent technology not only provides new technical means for the monitoring and regulation of urban man-land system, but also has a systematic impact on the element structure, coupling relationship and dynamic evolution of urban man-land system. It is imperative to explore the theory of building a man-land system for smart cities. Based on the interpretation of the connotation of the smart city man-land system, this paper discusses the theoretical basis of the smart city man-land system from the aspects of flow space, technology-man-land coupling and resilience system, and then puts forward the conceptual model of the smart city man-land system. On the one hand, we should explore the spatial scale changes of the interactions among human activities, elemental flows, and geographic environments, and further investigate into the cross-scale collaboration, tele-coupling, and feedback between activity systems and geographic environment systems regulated by intelligent technologies. On the other hand, we should pay attention to temporal elasticity, flexibility and fragmentation of the interactive coupling between residents' activities and urban geographical environment caused by the wide application of intelligent technology. Then it is necessary to carry out the monitoring, management and dynamic optimization with the smart city man-land system. Facing the future, the research on man-land system of smart cities needs to focus on the spatio-temporal coupling process of elements, elemental composition and impact mechanism, modeling methods and evaluation, comprehensive regulation and optimization path, etc. Finally, from the aspects of human behavior patterns and activity changes brought about by smart technology, spatial intelligence, virtual reality correlation, etc., the research prospect of theoretical exploration, analysis method innovation and sustainable regulation of smart city man-land system is proposed. All in all, based on the coupling of people, technology and urban space, we build the theoretical framework of smart city man-land system adapted to China's national conditions in consideration of the trend of high penetration and integration of China's new infrastructure and smart city services in production, living and governmental management. This framework could support the innovation of urban geography theory and method and the practical needs of "smart brain", digital twin city construction.

Urban-rural integration development is a comprehensive process of reshaping the spatial system and functional value of urban-rural regional system. Comprehensive land consolidation can optimally coordinate the human-environment relationship, and effectively crack the main contradictions and problems of unbalanced urban-rural development and inadequate rural development. The paper analyzes the current realistic problems of the circulation of urban-rural development factors, the connection of urban-rural spatial structures and the integration of urban-rural functions, and explores the theoretical logic of comprehensive land consolidation to effectively promote balanced urban-rural factor allocation, urban-rural spatial structure adjustment and urban-rural functional value unification from the perspective of "human, land, industry and rights" factor synergy. The empirical analysis of Zhejiang province using the geo-detector model further reveals the mechanism by which comprehensive land consolidation effectively drives urban-rural integration development through the interaction of multiple factors. Based on this, the optimization path of consolidation oriented to urban-rural integration is explored from three dimensions: market allocation of land elements, spatial reshaping of modern industrial development, and value sharing of multi-subject participation. The study provides theoretical references for deepening the scientific cognition of new urban-rural relationship and human-environment system, promoting the practice of comprehensive land consolidation, and urban-rural integration decisions.

The present study uncovers the mechanisms of rural revitalization through Pu'er tea industry using the case of Yiwu, which is an underdeveloped town in Yunnan province. From the perspective of the industry and social economy, this study investigated the process and mechanisms of rural revitalization through Pu'er tea industry in Yiwu. The tea industry in Yiwu emerged in the Qing Dynasty (over 300 hundred years ago) and has experienced three development stages since then: prosperity, decline, and revival. By adopting semi-structured interviews and participant observations, the present study first analyzed different production organization modes and profit distribution modes formed in the process of revitalization of the Pu'er tea industry in Yiwu. This study then summarized the process and mechanisms of rural revitalization through the Pu'er tea industry. Three major findings can be obtained from this study. First, for rural villages with resource endowments, renewable, sustainable, irreplaceable and scarce natural resources are the most fundamental factors of production. For farmers, ownership of such resources can be an important guarantee for their livelihood and income. Second, resource endowment and transaction cost determined what kind of production organization mode and profit distribution mode the industrial subjects chose in a place. In the construction of the production and management system of modern agriculture, more indigenous tea farmers should be supported to build small and medium-sized processing tea factories to produce and process Pu'er tea. In combination with the Pu'er tea culture, local communities can be guided to transform from agriculture-led to the coordinated development of agriculture, processing industry and service industry, to enhance economic and social resilience through diversified industries. Last but not least, when promoting rural revitalization through industrial development, preferential policies should be formulated to clarify farmers' property rights to resources and improve farmers' capabilities. In the process of agricultural modernization, farmers should be encouraged and trained to improve their abilities and skills, which could help them participate in the processing and circulation, and transform from farmers to operators with the ability to process and sell tea products, so as to increase their incomes while realizing the identity transformation.

The establishment of natural resource asset reserve institution is the core grip to realize the unified planning, storage, supply, development and protection of natural resource assets, which is the important creation of the natural resource management institution with Chinese characteristics. Based on Marxist reserve theory, the logic and practical path of natural resource asset reserve institution are explored from the perspective of capital circulation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The reserve of natural resource assets occurs during the 'stagnant' phase of different capital forms replacement, and it is a key intermediary for promoting the capitalization of natural resources. Its core connotations include public goods characteristics, government leadership, and value appreciation. (2) The reserve institution covers three basic steps of reserving, managing, and supplying, the core logic of which lies in achieving sustainable accumulation and circulation of capital, with clear property rights, holistic governance, and value realization as the main tasks. (3) The establishment of natural resource asset reserve institution has five key steps in practice, including planning-led approach, centralized storage, systematic governance, efficient allocation, and coordinated funding. In the future, the institution should be gradually advanced through pilot programs to further enhance its framework.

With the practical exploration of the transformation mechanism of "Green is Gold" in local communities, the development of ecological industries has gradually become an important component of the construction of ecological civilization. Some scholars proposed that eco-products should be defined as the "fourth sector" of products parallel to agricultural products, industrial products and service products, and put forward the concept of the quaternary industry of ecological products. However, since the quaternary industry of ecological products is a new concept, its concept connotation, scope boundary and accounting framework still need to be further clarified. Based on the essential characteristics of the quaternary industry of ecological products, which focuses on ecological resources as the key input factor, this paper extends the Romer production function which describes the industrial production process by separating out the ecological resources from the input factors, and discusses the connotation of the concept of the quaternary industry of ecological products on the basis of the new production function. This paper suggests that the products of the quaternary industry of ecological products are the final goods or services created by the combined inputs of ecological resources, manufactured capital, human capital, labor and other factors, among which ecological resources are the key input factor that is difficult to be replaced. The quaternary sector focuses on the contribution of ecological resources inputs to the value of the final goods and services, and therefore the ecological products that take the final form of operational products are the major focus of the quaternary sector. On this basis, this paper discusses the relationship between Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP), Inclusive Wealth (IW) and the quaternary sector of ecological products. In addition, this paper proposes an idea for the construction of the quaternary sector accounting framework based on the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA) and the input-occupancy-output technique. We add rows and columns to the input-occupancy-output table and separate the quaternary sector, so as to quantify the flow and stock forms of the new production function, which will be useful for us to calculate the contribution from ecological resource inputs as part of the value of eco-products.

Drawing on Marx's theory of expanded reproduction, this paper argues that the key to enhancing the supply of public ecological products from agricultural land lies in effectively harnessing the value of these products and increasing and greening the scale of agricultural land. To this end, the paper employs both the emergy method and grey correlation analysis to conduct an empirical examination of the supply of public ecological products from agricultural land in Henan province and the factors that influence the supply. The results of the quantitative analysis indicate that during the period of 2000-2020, the overall supply of public ecological products from agricultural land in Henan showed a growth trend, with carbon sequestration and oxygen release being the main types of these products. Ecological damage, overall, presents a fluctuating upward trend, with soil heavy metal pollution being the main type of ecological damage. In addition, the damage caused by public ecological products in the province on the supply of public ecological products from agricultural land shows a decreasing trend, but as of 2020, the ecological damage in Henan still reduced 8.57% of the ecological supply. In this regard, the key driving factors of the current supply of ecological products from agricultural land are the expansionary reproduction behaviors of agricultural land production scale. However, the lack of mechanism for realizing the value of public ecological products from agricultural land and the decline in the level of green utilization of agricultural land hinder the further enhancement of the ecological products supply from agricultural land. Based on this, we propose different paths for enhancing public ecological products from agricultural land from the perspective of realizing the value of ecological products: improving the top-level mechanism, enhancing market transaction path, and stimulating market demand; from the stand of green utilization of agriculture, we propose: reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, converting irrigation mode, innovating and promoting of green planting technology. Taken together, our findings can provide the theoretical reference and directional guidance for relieving the contradiction between the people's growing demand for an agreeable ecological environment and the unbalanced and insufficient development.

Ecosystem services are the bridge between social system and ecosystem. It is an important prerequisite for sustainable ecosystem management to formulate ecosystem management strategies based on the ecosystem services trade-offs. This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of ecosystem management strategies based on ecosystem services trade-offs and to propose potential solutions to the deficiencies of existing management strategies. Based on the classification system of demand-demand trade-offs, supply-demand trade-offs and supply-supply trade-offs, this study systematically reviewed the ecosystem management strategies based on ecosystem service trade-offs at home and abroad, and innovatively proposed an ecosystem management framework coupled with three types of trade-offs. The research results show that the essence of the demand-demand trade-offs management strategy is the prioritization of ecosystem services. Supply-demand trade-off mainly changes the supply and demand of ecosystem services by regulating the driving forces of supply-demand trade-off, and the supply-supply trade-off is mainly managed by zoning according to the tradeoff characteristics, or regulating the driving forces of trade-off to increase the supply of ES or relieve the trade-off strength. The research shows that: (1) The goal of ecosystem management is to alleviate the strength of supply-demand trade-offs and achieve the two management requirements of "efficiency" and "fairness". That is, to ease the strength of the supply-demand trade-offs and simultaneously ease the supply-supply trade-offs and the demand-demand trade-offs. Currently, most management strategies are designed to alleviate one ecosystem services trade-offs in isolation and lack an ecosystem management framework coupling the three ecosystem service trade-offs. (2) Prioritizing mitigation in the supply-demand trade-off intensity of ecosystem services with higher subjective and objective importance can simultaneously alleviate the demand-demand trade-off. Comprehensively regulating the driving forces of supply and demand trade-offs and supply trade-offs can simultaneously alleviate the strength of supply-demand trade-offs and supply-supply trade-offs. Finally, the coupling of the three trade-offs is achieved.

National territory spatial governance is an essential part of national governance, and spatial development rights are the critical content of national territory spatial governance. The reforms of national territory spatial planning, the regulation of territorial use control, and the property rights system of natural resource assets are advancing simultaneously. This has become a proposition of fundamental significance both theoretically and practically to examine national territory spatial governance from the perspective of spatial development rights. Based on the analysis of the basic connotation and main operation fields of national territory spatial governance, this paper dives deep into the formation basis and critical characteristics of spatial development rights and accordingly proposes the operation logic of territory spatial governance based on spatial development rights. The main findings include: (1) The main operation fields of national territory spatial governance lie in the whole life cycle of the development and protection of territorial space, which is tightly related to the allocation, regulation and realization of spatial development rights. (2) In China, spatial development rights originated from the unique two-level land development rights system. They are consisting of the changes in land use type and the intensity among the construction and non-construction land, as well as within the smaller land types. Furthermore, they have also formed a two-level structure and are implicitly rooted in the current laws and regulations, and are related to the whole process of development and protection of the whole territorial space and all kinds of natural resource types. (3) The crux of the successful operation of national territory spatial governance is the allocation and regulation of spatial development rights, as well as the interaction and coordination among multiple subjects. We suggest that further research and practice should focus on the theory of spatial development rights, the market of graded trading of spatial development rights, and the integrated coordination system, thus advancing the system's modernization and governance capacity and the reforms of the property rights of natural resource assets.

Ecological restoration of territorial space (ERTS), as an important strategy for the protection of territorial space development in the new era in China, is different from ecological restoration of small areas in the general sense, nor is it a way to assume legal responsibility. Systematic restoration and comprehensive governance are the meta-theory and methodology of ERTS, and the realization of institutionalized governance through legal system construction is an important path to promote systematic restoration and comprehensive governance. By examining the current governance practices of ERTS under this perspective, this study suggests that there are still deviations in the perception of governance values, the governance logic is still not self-consistent, and the legal framework is still imperfect. To this end, the legal system of ERTS should be constructed to strengthen the fundamentals, stabilize expectations and benefit the long term, thus promoting the effective implementation of ERTS strategy. And the path of its construction is as follows: to realize the top-level design of ERTS based on three major strategies; to improve the institutional mechanism with the logical thread of spatial order reshaping and pluralistic co-management; to improve the governance institutional framework with the "Law on the Protection of Territorial Space Development" as the carrier.

As an important part of dynamic protection and adaptive management of agricultural heritage, the early-warning is of great significance to the maintenance of agricultural heritage values and the sustainable development of agricultural heritage sites. In view of the current situation that the theoretical research and practical work on the early-warning of agricultural heritage protection are lagging behind, on the basis of defining the concept of early-warning of agricultural heritage protection, and conbined with the analysis of attributes and characteristics of agricultural heritage, the paper offers the basic principles of constructing the early-warning evaluation system of agricultural heritage protection. Based on the "Pressure-State-Response" model (PSR) and the Delphi method, we selected three first-grade indicators, 11 second-grade indicators and 21 third-grade indicators of the early-warning evaluation. Because of the fuzziness of early-warning evaluation of agricultural heritage protection, the study puts forward the technical route of early-warning evaluation by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and divides the early-warning level into four scales (no warning, light warning, medium warning, and severe warning) according to the determined warning degree range, and comprehensively uses the principles of air pollution warning classification and traffic signal warning lights to intuitively reflect the warning situation by blue color, yellow color, orange color and red color. The results show that the given index system and method of evaluation can effectively and quantitatively evaluate the early-warning status of agricultural heritage protection, and thus lay the theoretical and methodological foundations of establishing scientific early-warning system and mechanism for agricultural heritage protection.