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  • Interview with Experts on New Quality Productive Forces
    WANG Jin-wei, LU Lin, WANG Zhao-feng, WEI Min, SONG Rui, YANG Yong, BAI Kai, LIN Ming-shui, YU Hu, ZHU He
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(7): 1643-1663. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240709

    New quality productive forces are the core driver for building a modern tourism sector and also support the development of a strong tourism nation. In order to deeply understand the scientific connotation of new quality productive forces and clarify the theoretical logic and strategic path of new quality productive forces empowering the high-quality development of tourism industry, several experts on regional economic development, the digital economy, tourism management and geography were interviewed. The interviews were based on the logic of "problem orientation-innovative thinking-path mechanism", focusing on the background, opportunities and challenges, core meanings, drivers, and innovations empowering the high-quality development of tourism new quality productive forces. There were three main conclusions from this research. The first was the strategic opportunities and risks of promoting the high-quality development of tourism through new quality productive forces against a background of rapid and continuous technological change. New quality productive forces optimize resource allocation through scientific and technological innovation, and improve the production efficiency and growth quality of tourism. They also produce new tourism development models and forms of business, constantly generating momentum to drive high-quality economic and social improvements. Especially in rural tourism, the role of new quality productive forces is particularly significant. It promotes the gradual improvement of the rural tourism production network, enhances cooperation among rural tourism stakeholders, helps rural tourism participants evolve new production initiatives, and ultimately reinvigorates rural areas with increased prosperity. However, given globalization and rapid digitalization, innovation in tourism faces a series of challenges. In particular, the lack of systematic development of tourism software and hardware, risks of data security and privacy protection, resistance to change and innovation in traditional tourism, and the "growing pains" brought by the transformation to new technologies deserve attention. The development of new quality productive forces in future tourism must focus on technological innovation, find and prepare a quality tourism workforce, optimize and more closely integrate products and services with human talent, and significantly improve the total factor productivity of tourism. Second, the process of empowering the high-quality development of tourism must encompass technological innovation leading to industrial modernization. Innovation plays a leading role in new quality productive forces and is the core driver of the high-quality development of tourism. The new quality productive forces empowering this tourism development have several specific features. Technological innovation leads the modernization of the tourism sector and is a prerequisite for the high-quality development of tourism. Factor integration and supply-demand matching are the intrinsic requirements for the high-quality development of tourism. Other critical ingredients are digitization, greening and artificial intelligence. The significant improvement of total factor productivity must be the core goal for the high-quality development of tourism. Third, the guidance of national strategy is crucial to the progress and prospects for new quality productive forces empowering the high-quality development of tourism. New quality productive forces are receiving widespread emphasis since their inception and have become a core issue highly valued by the tourism sector in China. In the New Era, modern technology has become a key production factor in tourism. Additionally, the transformation and upgrading of tourism is dynamically advancing, growth is strengthening, and the ability of tourism to serve national economic and social-cultural strategies is becoming more noticeable. However, it should not be overlooked that high-quality tourism development is still faced with serious problems such as weak technological innovation capabilities, uneven regional development, inadequate circulation of factor resources, and insufficient human talent for tourism. To further enhance the beneficial impacts of new quality productive forces in stimulating the high-quality development of tourism, it is necessary to focus on deepening the reform of the system and operations in tourism, optimizing the creative allocation of tourism production factors, accelerating the development of a modern tourism sector, and improving the quality of professional tourism talent. These three recommendations will not only enhance the understanding and application of new quality productive forces to a certain extent, but also provide decision-making support for building China into a leading tourism nation in the world.

  • Utilization and Management of Natural Resources in the New Era
    LI Yi, ZHAO Yuan, XIA Si-you
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(3): 547-563. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240304

    Energy interconnection is an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative, and ensuring the safety of energy transportation pipelines is of great significance in promoting the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative. This paper takes China's cross-border oil and gas transport pipelines as the research object, and constructs an oil and gas transport pipeline safety evaluation index system covering five dimensions of pipeline, resources, economy, politics and diplomacy from two aspects of pipeline safety and pipeline routing involving national security. Based on the entropy-catastrophe progression method, the safety of China's cross-border oil and gas transport pipelines in 2020 is evaluated and classified into categories. The results show that: (1) The catastrophe level values of crude oil transportation pipelines are ranked as China-Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline>China-Russia crude oil pipeline>China-Myanmar crude oil pipeline; the catastrophe level values of natural gas transportation pipelines are ranked as China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline line C>China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline lines A and B>east route of China-Russia natural gas pipeline>China-Myanmar natural gas pipeline; and the pipelines have their respective advantages and disadvantages under the sub-dimensions. (2) According to the system clustering method, the pipelines are divided into two types: high security type and low security type. The high safety pipelines are in good condition at present, but there are still safety hazards; resource scarcity, political instability, and economic weakness have become unfavourable factors affecting the safety evaluation of low safety pipelines.

  • ZHOU Xiao-ping, LIANG Ying, LI Xiao-tian, CHAI Duo
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(5): 1174-1192. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240512

    The health of farmland system is closely related to the goal of "quantity-quality- ecology" in farmland protection, which is of great significance for ensuring sustainable development of the social economy. Therefore, this article takes the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, a major grain producing region, as an example. The farmland system health evaluation model based on system theory and ecosystem health theory is constructed. The spatiotemporal evolution of farmland system health in the study area from 2000 to 2020 is quantified using methods such as Sen-MK trend analysis, landscape pattern index, multi-scale geographic weighted regression, and GIS spatial analysis. Then, this research revealed the impact of multiple factors such as natural and socio-economic factors on the health of the farmland system. The research results indicate that: (1) From a temporal perspective, the overall health of the farmland system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2000 to 2020 showed a slight downward trend, which is related to the deterioration of the organizational structure stability and resilience of the farmland system. From a spatial perspective, the health status of the farmland system in the Northern Anhui, Northern Jiangsu, and eastern coastal areas continues to improve. The farmland in the Yangtze River Delta, Hunan, and Southern Jiangxi shows a trend of turning from poor to good, but the Jianghan Plain shows a clear deterioration trend. (2) The impact of natural environmental changes and human activities on the health of the farmland system exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity. Among them, changes in surface temperature, sunshine hours, relative humidity, and annual precipitation have a negative impact on the health of the entire farmland system in the region, while changes in annual GDP and spatial density of farmland have a positive impact on the health of the farmland system. The farmland system health assessment model constructed by this research can provide reference for constructing a "quantity-quality-ecology" performance evaluation of farmland protection. It is of great significance for improving the theoretical research of farmland system assessment and promoting regional farmland health management.

  • Regular Articles
    GUO Jian-ke, DONG Meng-ru, HAN Zeng-lin, QIN Ya-feng
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(2): 287-306. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240204

    On the basis of putting forward the connotation of marine geoeconomics, this paper combs the development process, research hotspots and research priorities of Chinese scholars, summarizes the research characteristics and existing shortcomings of marine geoeconomics, and looks forward to the future research trends. (1) Marine geoeconomics derives from geoeconomics and marine geopolitics, and is influenced by geopolitics. The core theme of the study is the economic and trade linkages of sea related countries. (2) The evolution process of marine geoeconomics thought can be divided into four stages: the embryonic period of thought, the initial formation period, the rise and development period, and the steady exploration period. The hotspots of the research are from the germination of marine geo-thought which stays at the ideological level, to strategic thinking around the struggle for sea power, to the qualitative exploration under the system of geo-economic theory, and to the quantitative analysis which is becoming more diversified and clearer. (3) China's research focus mainly includes marine geo-economic theories, marine geo-economic activities, marine geo-economic relationship, marine strategic resources competition pattern, marine geoeconomic strategies, high seas protected areas, etc. (4) At present, the study of marine geoeconomics in China is still in its initial stage of exploration, and the relevant basic theoretical research and quantitative analysis from multi-scales and multi-perspectives are relatively lacking, and the disciplinary characteristics of geography and resource science have not been fully reflected. However, it has gradually attracted the attention of multidisciplinary scholars, and the research content shows a trend of diversification. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the theoretical paradigm and decision-making support of marine geoeconomics research, the development, utilization and protection of high seas resources and its spatial effect, the community of human maritime destiny and the sustainable development and utilization of international marine resources, the security of maritime transport channels and the resilience of port and shipping supply chain, and China's marine geoeconomic environment under the background of the construction of a maritime power.

  • Research on China's Tourism Resources in the New Era
    SUN Jiao-jiao
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(2): 245-258. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240201

    High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a socialist modernized country. The traditional research paradigm of tourism resources, which mainly focuses on the spatial inventory of existing resources and the economy, cannot meet the development of the tourism industry and national strategic needs in the New Era. It is urgent to clarify the new attributes, frameworks, and directions of tourism resources. Based on this, this study starts from the overall research pattern at home and abroad, analyzes the knowledge graph of tourism resource research based on CiteSpace 6.2.2, compares its research status and trend characteristics, and reveals theoretical needs. Furthermore, based on China's practices and trends, this research explores the model for the transformation of new attributes and categories of tourism resources. With the goal of high-quality development, starting from the new attributes of tourism resources, based on humanistic concepts, driven by technology and culture, and led by innovation and creativity, it explains the new changes in the expansion and research scope of tourism resources. It proposes a research framework for tourism resource innovation guided by high-quality development from the core layer, development layer, system layer (point, line to plane), explaining the innovation of tourism resource connotation, the innovation of tourism resource full chain concept, and the innovation of the "five in one" (it refers to the comprehensive development of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, and ecological civilization construction) domain structure. It proposes a research matrix for the intersection and integration of "five in one" and "three levels" of tourism resources, and proposes research directions for the high-quality development of tourism resources from the micro, medium, and macro levels of the five dimensions of economy, politics, culture, society, and ecology. The research aims to promote tourism resource research to undertake the mission of the times, serve national strategies, and use resource research as a lever to promote high-quality development in the New Era.

  • JIANG Wei-guo, WANG Xiao-ya, LI Zhuo, LING Zi-yan, DENG Ya-wen
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(6): 1241-1261. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240601

    Urban wetlands are an important part of the urban system and have very important ecological and social functions. Wetland city is an honorary initiative implemented by the Ramsar Convention to commend cities for their achievements in protecting wetlands. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the key to solving global problems. It is leading and guiding wetland protection and urban development. This study connects the wetland cities with the United Nations Sustainable Development Strategy and attempts to explore new paths for synergy between urban development and wetland protection. (1) It sorted out the development history and certification process of wetland cities comprehensively, and summarized the experience of 13 wetland cities of China. (2) It introduced the three stages of sustainable development, and summarized international initiatives related to wetlands and cities based on Sustainable Development Goals. (3) The future trend should aim to promote the exploration of sustainable development paradigms of wetland cities towards "international convention organization-creation effectiveness monitoring-development indicator evaluation", and to enrich high-quality development practices of wetland cities towards "national strategic needs and local urban construction". This study provides technical support for intelligent decision-making services of urban wetlands focusing on "urban wetland remote sensing monitoring-urban wetland simulation prediction-urban wetland comprehensive assessment and services".

  • Utilization and Management of Natural Resources in the New Era
    YANG Zhen-shan, YANG Hang, YANG Lin-sheng, GE Quan-sheng
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(3): 489-507. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240301

    Assessment and monitoring are an essential part of promoting the achievement of the sustainable development. Currently, theoretical research and localized program around the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been in full swing, but the relevant assessment and practice process is still lacking in the consideration of target constraints and hierarchical transmission. To this end, the study establishes a sustainable development assessment oriented towards the SDGs and concerned on the systematicity and openness, which can be deconstructed and applied in multiscale spatial units. The results show that, at the national and regional levels, the gap between SDGs and the current level in 2020 regarding to the dimensions of safe ecology, pleasant environment and green development is rapidly narrowing. On the contrary, there is still a large gap on the dimension of harmony society, though the index experiences a steady growth, which can be interpreted as the uneven income distribution and large urban-rural differences. It is crucial to identify the priorities of different regions and the synergies and trade-off between indicators in different scaled objectives to promote the implementation of the SDGs. The proposed assessment program supports the diagnosis of regional problems of sustainable development and the understanding of interrelationships between different regions and goals. It also facilitates the active participation of different levels and actors in the cause of sustainable development within an open framework, and helps to systematically assess and monitor the process of realizing SDGs.

  • YOU Lie, LIU Xiao-qin, CHEN Rui-shan
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(5): 1160-1173. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240511

    The systematic study of the spatio-temporal coupling relationship between construction land and population serves as a theoretical basis for optimizing and adjusting policies related to construction land and population, ultimately enhancing the efficiency of land resource utilization. Utilizing four sets of census data since 1990 and multi-temporal land use remote sensing monitoring data, this study analyzes the spatial and temporal changes and coupling relationships between construction land area and population in Shanghai's urban area and its 16 administrative districts from 1990 to 2020, based on the population-construction land change rate model. The research findings are as follows: (1) Over the past 30 years, both construction land and population in Shanghai have expanded significantly, marked by intense change intensities, and exhibiting typical sprawl characteristics. (2) The population and land use changes in all 16 districts of the city simultaneously show spatial differentiation and geographic adjacency features. (3) While the intensity of changes in the suburban and outer suburban areas first increases and then decreases, some central urban areas experience a decrease in both population and land use. The results of the study reflect a phased characteristic of "compensatory initiation, expansive development, and contraction equilibrium" in the population and land use changes in Shanghai over the past 30 years. The study introduces concepts and calculation methods such as change intensity and elasticity for the first time, and incorporates geographic information to enhance result visualization. The research conclusions provide an evaluation method and value orientation for the relationship between people and land in mega-cities, offering reference for relevant policy formulation and planning.

  • Regular Articles
    WANG Zong-shun, ZHANG Hai-peng, YUE Chao, YANG Hong-qiang, ZHANG Han
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(3): 731-748. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240314

    Afforestation is an important way to mitigate climate change, but its cost effectiveness cannot be ignored, which is especially important for the arid and semi-arid regions in Northwest China. To evaluate the cost effectiveness of afforestation for carbon sink in Northwest China, this paper constructed a three-dimensional integrated geography-economy-ecology analysis framework. The marginal afforestation areas in Northwest China was identified based on the superposition model of environmental factors and the dynamic optimization model of land use. The carbon sink potential by afforestation was predicted using the Richards growth equation, based on which the carbon sink supply curve was fitted. The cost effectiveness of afforestation for carbon sink in Northwest China was also analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The afforestation area that satisfies both natural and economic feasibility is 1027100 hm2 in Northwest China, accounting for about 20.56% of natural afforestation. Among them, grassland and unused land were dominant, and suitable afforestation areas were mainly distributed in Qinghai and Gansu provinces. (2) The carbon sink potential of afforestation in Northwest China is 9.37 million tons CO2 per year, and by 2060, afforestation will contribute approximately 9.70%-15.06% to the carbon neutrality target of this region, which cannot be ignored. (3) The average cost of afforestation for carbon sink in Northwest China was 948.81 yuan/t CO2, which was not cost-effective overall compared with the carbon emission reduction cost of thermal power. And in scenarios where climate change needs to be addressed urgently, the afforestation for carbon sinks in Northwest China will become even less cost effective. Accordingly, policy recommendations were proposed to improve the contribution of afforestation for achieving carbon neutrality.

  • Regular Articles
    WANG Meng-cheng, DONG You-ming, LIN Na-na, QI Xin-xian, HUANG Xian-jin
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(2): 352-371. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240208

    Farmland use transition (FUT) provides a novel approach to address global farmland use carbon emissions (FUCE). This paper employs various modeling techniques, including the entropy method, spatial autocorrelation models, and spatial econometric models, using Huang-Huai-Hai Plain as a case study. It investigates the spatial impact of FUT on FUCE under the double carbon background of China. The results reveal the following: (1) In Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, there is a significant positive spatial autocorrelation among FUCE, FUT, and their specific forms. FUCE exhibit a spatial pattern characterized by "high in the east and low in the west" and "high in the north and low in the south". (2) The dominant farmland use transition (DFUT) can aggravate FUCE in both the local county and neighboring counties, while the recessive farmland use transition (RFUT) lead to carbon reduction effects in both local and nearby regions. Quantitative farmland use transition (QFUT), spatial structure farmland use transition (SSFUT), and production function farmland use transition (PFFUT) all have positive direct effects on farmland use carbon emissions, as well as discernible spatial spillover effects. Conversely, both living function farmland use transition (LFFUT) and ecological function farmland use transition (EFFUT) contribute to carbon emissions reduction. This study suggests that a prudent approach should be taken to promote moderately scaled farmland operations, adjust the spatial distribution of farmland, and develop modern, low-carbon agriculture. Tailoring farmland use transitions to local conditions is crucial, harnessing regional comparative advantages and fully realizing the carbon reduction potential of RFUT, thereby contributing to the achievement of dual carbon goals.

  • Regular Articles
    HUANG Yi-jing, ZHANG Shan-qi, LIN Yun, ZHEN Feng, ZHAO Sai-shuai, LI Lu
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(4): 823-841. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240405

    In the context of digital transformation, establishing and improving the monitoring mechanism for the implementation of territorial spatial planning is an important key to enhance the efficiency of spatial governance as well as national governance. The implementation monitoring of territorial spatial planning in the New Era involves long-term and dynamic monitoring of the planning process and the spatial changes influenced by development, utilization, and protection. It serves as a necessary prerequisite for understanding the real-time status of spatial planning and promoting real-time feedback for planning optimization. This article systematically reviews the development of China's related work on planning implementation monitoring, and summarizes the shortcomings of existing work from positioning, content and technical framework, and transmission mechanism. Based on the analysis above, it clarifies the connotation of "continuous monitoring" and the positioning of "comprehensive supporting" for the implementation monitoring of territorial spatial planning. Furthermore, with the case of Ningbo city in Zhejiang province, it constructs the content framework of implementation monitoring for territorial spatial planning from three aspects: the implementation of planning requirements, the external effects of planning, and the adjustment of planning during processes. Also, it improves the monitoring indicators and builds flexible units for monitoring analysis and predicting models for future warning. All in all, it provides references for conducting comprehensive implementation monitoring methods of territorial spatial planning on city level.

  • Research on China's Tourism Resources in the New Era
    MA Xue-feng, ZHAO Jie
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(4): 749-767. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240401

    In the context of Chinese-style modernization, the common prosperity effect of tourism resource development is explored to point out the direction of exploration for accelerating the high-quality development of tourism industry and realizing the goal of common prosperity. This study clarifies the mechanism of tourism resource development through the income growth effect, infrastructure enhancement effect, culture communication effect and factor flow effect to promote the realization of common prosperity, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation system of tourism resource development in terms of scale and quality. The spatial econometric modeling is applied to empirically test the impact of mountain tourism resource development on the common prosperity based on the relevant data at the district and county level of the Western Hunan Area from 2007 to 2021. Ultimately, it proposes targeted development model optimization strategies based on the real needs of enhancing the value of resources, promoting rural revitalization and contributing to the common prosperity. The results show that: (1) The overall level of tourism resource development in Western Hunan Area shows a gentle growth trend, but the spatial difference is obvious, in which Yongding district and Fenghuang county are always the dominant parties, while Luxi county is in a relatively disadvantageous position. (2) The level of common prosperity in Western Hunan Area continues to improve, but there are still imbalances between districts and counties, with Yongding district, Jishou city and Hecheng district, where the municipal administrative center is located, in the top three. (3) Tourism resource development has a significant positive spatial spillover effect on common prosperity, that is, it can enhance the level of common prosperity in the region and adjacent regions. Both tourism scale and tourism quality can be effective in empowering common prosperity, and the positive effect of tourism quality on common prosperity is better than that of tourism scale. The impact of tourism resource development on common prosperity varies significantly in different regions, with Zhangjiajie city having the largest common prosperity effect of tourism resource development, followed by Huaihua city and Xiangxi prefecture. Guided by the goal of common prosperity, the models of sustainable utilization, quality upgrading, and regional integration for the development of mountain tourism resource are proposed.

  • Organic Renewal and Vitalization
    WEI Cheng, LIU Fu-qiang, YANG Cheng, CHENG Yu-xiao, SHEN Jing
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(8): 1867-1886. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240808

    The rapid urbanization has profound impacts on traditional villages, and clarifying its rigid constraints and activation drivers for preservation and utilization is of significant theoretical and practical importance. This paper takes traditional villages in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) as the research object, supported by long-term tracking investigations and return visits. Based on the dialectical relationship between the impacts and opportunities brought by rapid urbanization, the paper attempts to construct a targeted research framework for preservation constraints and activation utilization, revealing the major challenges, progress, and development prospects of traditional village preservation and utilization in the PRD. The results indicate that: (1) The challenges of preservation and utilization are mainly reflected in the alienation and damage of material elements such as the overall pattern and settlement space, as well as facing constraints such as numerous historical issues and high input costs. (2) Rapid urbanization also serves as an important opportunity for the revitalization and development of traditional villages in the PRD. The expansion of urban functions, population aggregation, and consumption potential have promoted new progress in preservation and utilization, including "remediation" based on government investment, "self-rescue" assisted by multiple subjects, "salvation" under the intervention of social enterprises, and "rescue" seizing policy opportunities. The paper also combines land spatial planning, new urbanization, rural revitalization, and other aspects to forecast the development prospects of traditional village preservation and utilization in the PRD in the New Era.

  • Interview with Experts on New Quality Productive Forces
    JIN Xiao-bin, SHEN Lei, HUANG Xian-jin, DENG Xiang-zheng, HU Shou-geng, KE Xin-li, WU Zhi-feng, ZHAO Duo-ping, LIU Jing
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(9): 2011-2028. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240901

    China's social economy has shifted from the stage of high-speed growth to the stage of high-quality development. Promoting high-quality management of natural resources has become a major issue related to the overall development of the country. Accelerating the construction and cultivation of new quality productive forces (NQP) and enabling high-quality management of natural resources is of great practical significance to promoting Chinese-style modernization. Regarding the logic and path of NQP enabling high-quality management of natural resources, relevant scholars from different disciplines were invited to present their views on the following topics: (1) The logical relationship between NQP and natural resource management;(2) the positioning and function of NQP in natural resource management; (3) the inspiration and requirements of NQP for natural resource management; (4) the key areas of NQP promoting high-quality management of natural resources; the path of (5) NQP to cope with climate change and implement the dual-carbon strategy; (6) NQP to empower the modernization of territorial spatial governance; (7) NQP to reshape the new form of coordinated urban-rural development;and (8) NQP to ensure food security and promote the construction of an agricultural power, etc. This work aims to explore the specific application of NQP in natural resource management, with a view to providing scientific reference for promoting high-quality management of natural resources and helping the Chinese-style modernization. Overall, special attention should be paid to the following key issues in empowering high-quality natural resource management with NQP: (1) break the barriers of natural resources management and mechanism innovation oriented to the coordination of the whole area, the whole factor, the whole process and the multi-department; (2) key areas and paths for cultivating NQP for comprehensively ensuring the security of natural resources and strengthening the stability of supply of key resources; (3) construction and practice innovation of digital intelligence NQP cultivation system for efficient use and accurate management of natural resources.

  • XU Zhang-xing, QIU Xiao-nan, TIAN Gui-liang, LI Yi-wen
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(5): 1222-1240. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240515

    Based on the panel data of 31 provincial-level regions in China from 2004 to 2021, this paper constructs a Time-varying DID model from dual perspectives of scale and structure to examine the impact of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (hereafter the Project) on agricultural water use in the water-receiving areas. The results show that: (1) The water supply of the project has reduced the scale and proportion of agricultural water use in the receiving areas, and the mechanism analysis of the result is the reduction of the planting area and proportion of economic crops, and the increase of the proportion of grain crops. (2) Compared with the eastern route, the negative impact of the Project on the agricultural water use in the receiving areas is more serious in the middle route areas. (3) There is an effect of "indirect return of agricultural water through water supply" of the Project, but at this stage it is neglected by the direct impact of the Project on agricultural water use in the water-receiving areas. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly understand the impact of the Project on the agricultural water use of the water-receiving areas from a strategic perspective, to strengthen the support of agricultural water use to ensure national food security, and to promote the high-quality development of follow-up projects of the Project.

  • Research on China's Tourism Resources in the New Era
    LIANG Zeng-xian, LI Xin-jing
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(7): 1626-1642. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240708

    Achieving a balance between environmental conservation and tourism development, and addressing the negative effects of seasonal fluctuations are crucial for the high-quality development of ecotourism destinations. Touristification serves as a prevalent strategy to address these challenges in these areas. However, existing research on touristification lacks effective analytical tools and explanatory mechanisms, making it difficult to delineate the evolution stages, causal mechanisms, and spatiotemporal impacts of tourism development over time. This paper extends the application of touristification theory through a case study, constructing a spatiotemporal model of touristification. Employing observation methods, interviews, and the collection of secondary data, we have obtained multi-source data to delineate the over-two-decade touristification process of the Sayram Lake scenic area in Xinjiang, from an ecological pasture to a mature ecotourism destination. Our study elucidates the multidimensional evolution of touristification and the developmental logic of its various stages. The findings reveal that Sayram Lake has undergone four distinct stages of touristification: government-led internal spatial touristification, government-led external spatial touristification, enterprise-led in-depth spatiotemporal touristification and government and enterprise-led off-peak temporal touristification. In general, tourism destination exhibited an initial internal then external touristification; the focus shifted from the high season and daytime first, then touristification to night-time and off-peak periods. Each stage of touristification at Sayram Lake intersects with the others, each with distinct key issues and driving forces at play. Internal touristification is key to building attractions, while external touristification is crucial for enhancing accessibility, and both should be harmonized. This paper introduces a new touristification model that provides analytical tools to understand the evolutionary patterns of touristification, the causal relationships at different stages, and their impacts. The model offers guidance for balancing conservation and development in ecotourism destinations, resolving the supply and demand contradictions between peak and off-peak seasons, and promoting high-quality development. By providing case studies and pathways, this model serves as a reference for stakeholders in ecotourism to effectively navigate the complexities of touristification.

  • Interview with Experts
    CHENG Ye-qing, HU Shou-geng, YANG Ren, TAO Wei, LI Hong-bo, LI Bo-hua, LIU Pei-lin, Wei Feng-qun, GUO Wen, TANG Cheng-cai, GU Kang-kang, TANG Xue-qiong
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(8): 1735-1759. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240801

    The protection and utilization of traditional villages is not only a major practical issue to realize China's rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization, but also a hot topic in the integration and cross-research of geography, sociology, planning, economics and other disciplines. In order to systematically explore the theoretical cognition, practical problems, system mechanism, practical experience and effective path of the protection and utilization of traditional villages in China, 11 experts in the research field of traditional villages were invited to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on the classification of Chinese traditional villages from three perspectives: policy change and typical model, macro mechanism and core theme, theoretical cognition and practical path, and focuses on specific practices such as industrial integration, landscape protection, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and locality, based on the theoretical understanding of the macro system and mechanism for the protection and utilization of Chinese traditional villages. Advanced theoretical and practical issues such as industrial integration, landscape protection, organic renewal, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and locality were discussed in depth. According to the main views of the experts, the protection and utilization of China's traditional villages in the new era should focus on: (1) The main problems of protection and utilization of Chinese traditional villages facing the impact of rapid urbanization and modernization, the innovation of mechanism and system, and the realization path. In view of the conflict between modern civilization and agricultural civilization faced by traditional Chinese villages and the major strategic needs for national rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization, the combination of "top-down" and "bottom-up" is adopted to build a diversified integration mechanism featuring multi-subject participation, organic integration of agriculture, culture and tourism, and overall coordination. By exploring the endogenous growth factors of traditional villages and the historical inheritance and cultural context of traditional villages, strengthening the leadership of rural grassroots party building, giving play to the role of villagers as the main body, reshaping the public cultural space system of traditional villages and all-round digital twin modeling, etc., we will create a living environment that is in line with modernization development and ecological civilization construction and jointly build a cultural map, to realize the transformation of traditional Chinese villages from "vegetable gardens" and "back gardens" to "spiritual homes". (2) Core themes and specific spatial practices of protection and utilization of traditional Chinese villages for rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization. Focus on the core themes of traditional village classification, industrial integration, organic renewal, landscape protection, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and local reconstruction, and strengthen the classification and classification of traditional villages based on the coupling of key factors such as "livelihood, water, food, energy and land"; focus on the significance, connotation and influence mechanism of the time dimension, space dimension and attribute dimension of traditional village industrial transformation; focus on the three tasks of "protection and development countermeasures, measures to improve people's livelihood, and strategies to activate utilization" to promote the organic renewal of traditional settlements; emphasis should be placed on the gene protection and inner spiritual value mining of traditional human settlement cultural landscape, the "living" protection and utilization of traditional living space and the "activation" of traditional cultural heritage; focus on the diversification of traditional village activities, "co-construction, co-governance and sharing" and the construction of beautiful villages; the importance of natural non-human elements and human beings as spatial order construction and place construction of traditional villages and their active practice are emphasized to promote the realization of multi-functionality and multi-value of traditional villages. Pay attention to the excavation of traditional cultural heritage and intensive and efficient material space, create a harmonious and comfortable social space and protect and inherit traditional culture space; focusing on rural elements such as "ecology, culture, subject, and industry", strengthening ecological background, inheriting and developing local culture, balancing capital advantages and local embeddedness among local and cross-local subjects, so as to realize local reconstruction and characteristic remodeling of traditional Chinese villages.

  • CHEN Jiang-quan, LI Xiao-shun, GENG Yi-wei, LIU Xi-zhao, LI Guang-liang
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(6): 1399-1417. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240609

    Urbanization and carbon emissions are both national focuses, academic research hotspots, and policy governance difficulties. Based on the perspectives of economic development, population transfer, and urban expansion, this paper analyzes the mechanisms of urbanization and carbon emissions from the multi-dimensional perspective of "industry-population-land", and uses decoupling analysis, Kaya-LMDI factor decomposition, and STIRPAT-LSDV model to empirically study the mechanisms of urbanization and carbon emissions in China. The study indicates that: (1) The material elements of urbanization, namely industry, population, and land, play a crucial role in the evolution of urbanization, and their changes are the logical starting point for changes in carbon emissions. The underlying logic, important factors, and spatial guarantee of the coupling interaction between urbanization and carbon emissions are economic development, population transfer, and urban expansion. (2) Since China acceded to the WTO, industrialization has accelerated. The relationship between urbanization and carbon emissions has changed from weak decoupling to growth coupling and even negative decoupling. As China enters the stage of high-quality economic development, the role of industry, population, and land urbanization in promoting carbon emissions has gradually diminished. (3) From 1990 to 2020, the effects of China's energy structure, energy efficiency, low-carbon economic structure, per capita economic level, economic scale, urban population size, urban population density, urban land size, and urban land use intensity on carbon emissions in the process of urbanization were 1.37, -139.98, -138.61, 163.53, 223.95, 60.41, -25.24, 85.66, and 138.29 billion tons, respectively. (4) Between 2003 and 2020, China's energy structure, energy efficiency, proportion of output value of the secondary and tertiary industries, urban population, and urban built-up area increased by 1% respectively, and carbon emissions correspondingly increased by 1.111%, -0.560%, 0.771%, 0.477%, and 0.488%, respectively. The interaction mechanism between urbanization and carbon emissions has spatial and temporal heterogeneity. The research results can provide scientific basis and decision-making reference for the implementation of new urbanization and the "Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals" strategy.

  • Regular Articles
    LIU Lu-meng, WU Jian-guo
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(9): 2044-2065. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240903

    The relationship between ecosystem services (ES) and human well-being (HWB) is a central issue in the science and practice of sustainable development, and numerous studies have mushroomed in recent decades. However, the diverse frameworks, approaches, and methods used in studying the ES-HWB relationship have rarely been reviewed systematically. Thus, here we provide an overview of the research frameworks, approaches, and methods for studying the ES-HWB relationship. In addition, we discuss future research directions. Our review shows that research frameworks for studying the ES-HWB relationship can be classified into four types, including frameworks related to the Entitlement and Capacity Approach, the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment framework, and the Ecosystem Services Cascade framework. The four types of frameworks differ in their origins, core elements, and application scenarios, but show similarities in their construction logic and inherent assumptions. Methods for analyzing the ES-HWB relationship can be categorized as direct valuation, statistical analysis, model simulation, and qualitative assessment. To facilitate ES and HWB relationship research, future studies need to update the research framework, innovate research methods based on the recently developed method (e.g., machine learning), and develop coherent guidelines for indicator selection and quantification.

  • Regular Articles
    CHEN Xian-peng, FANG Kai
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(2): 307-318. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240205

    Sustainable development is a hot topic of universal concern and heated discussion among all humanity. As an extension of the planetary boundaries framework to the socio-economic field, the doughnut-shaped framework provides new ideas for sustainable development assessment across the globe. This paper provides a systematic review and in-depth analysis of the concept, theoretical basis, localization expansion, existing problems, and improvement directions of the doughnut-shaped framework. The research has shown that the doughnut-shaped framework organically integrates environmental boundaries and basic socio-economic needs, thereby incorporating environmental sustainability and socio-economic development into the same analytical framework. This framework is based on the theory of steady-state economy, emphasizing the need for both a certain amount of man-made capital to meet human's socio-economic needs and a constant amount of natural capital to maintain environmental sustainability. The localization expansion applications of the doughnut-shaped framework mainly focus on the evaluations of environmental sustainability and socio-economic development respectively, lacking in-depth explanation of internal interaction mechanisms. In order to enhance the scientific understanding of the transmission mechanisms between environmental boundaries and socio-economic boundaries, it is urgent to strengthen research on the interactions between environmental boundaries, ecosystem services, and socio-economic boundaries based on ecosystem units. The guiding value of the doughnut-shaped framework for global and regional sustainable development needs to be further enhanced. Due to its high compatibility with China's development philosophy of balancing ecological protection red line and socio-economic bottom line, the doughnut-shaped framework has great potential for application in the field of sustainable development in China.

  • Regular Articles
    LIU Hai-long, WANG Gai-yan, ZHANG Peng-hang, WANG Zheng-lei, ZHANG Li-ping
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(3): 640-667. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240309

    This paper constructs a "Size-Density-Morphology" basin ecological resilience evaluation system, using the coupled coordination model to estimate and analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of coupled coordination between new urbanization and ecological resilience in counties of the Fenhe River Basin from 2000 to 2021, and the spatial autocorrelation model is used to reveal the spatial clustering characteristics of coupled coordination. The coordination influence index is introduced to characterize the effect and the degree of role of each subsystem on the overall coupling coordination degree. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2021, the level of new urbanization in counties of the Fenhe River Basin had been improved slowly, the "core-edge" spatial pattern was significant, and the comprehensive index of ecological resilience had been decreasing continuously. The high-value areas in the spatial pattern are distributed in an "S" shape, and the low-value areas are concentrated in the central valley. (2) The coupling coordination degree is characterized by a downward trend from "mild coordination" to "mild imbalance". Affected by the location advantages and ecological endowment factors, the spatial distribution of the coupling coordination degree showed a "ring" distribution pattern of increasing from the core to the edge, and the spatial agglomeration trend is significant. (3) In the new urbanization, the population, space, society and green subsystems have a reverse blocking effect on the integrated coupling coordination degree, while the influence of economic urbanization on the comprehensive coupling coordination is first blocked and then promoted, and the ecological resilience subsystem has a reverse blocking effect on the integrated coupling coordination degree, with the scale and density toughness blocking increased and the morphological toughness blocking degree weakened. (4) The "Matthew effect" of the unbalanced development of new urbanization level is more obvious, and the external supply of energy in resource-based counties forces the density toughness to drop significantly. The ecological resilience is restricted by ecological resources, and the spatial evolution is path-dependent. The Fenhe River Basin has both the universal characteristics of urbanization, which has negative effects on the ecology, and the particularity of slow industrial transformation in resource-developing counties, and the significant lag of ecological construction compared with urbanization.

  • Regular Articles
    GUO Yu, ZHANG Min
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(2): 319-335. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240206

    The incorporation of Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) assessment into territorial planning facilitates a better understanding of the value of ecosystem services and enhances the optimization of ecological spatial arrangement. However, a systematic synthesis and future prospects regarding the application of CES in spatial planning are lacking, thereby impeding its effective implementation in territorial planning. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements made in CES assessment within spatial planning, both domestically and internationally, over the past decade. The findings indicate that: (1) The theoretical explanation of CES formation is further enhanced from the perspective of relationship and interaction, which considers CES as the manifestation and outcome of human-nature interplay, specifically manifested in the flow of CES among suppliers, producers, demanders, and consumers. (2) The concepts pertaining to CES have undergone refinement, thereby facilitating the development of a more operational and normative theoretical framework for CES assessment. (3) The current approaches for CES assessment primarily encompass three categories: evaluation of ecosystem services, appraisal of ecosystem benefits, and estimation of ecosystem services value. The assessment methods mainly consist of three types: spatial scale-based data acquisition methods, spatial location-based data acquisition methods, and integrated spatial analysis and assessment methods. (4) The combination of CES assessment and planning preparation encompasses two approaches: preceding planning preparation and integrating throughout the entire process of planning preparation. This paper highlights the necessity of integrating CES assessment into China's territorial planning, emphasizing the overall concept and specific application purposes and methods at different planning stages. Furthermore, it anticipates the potential benefits brought by digital transformation.

  • GENG Ya-xin, YI Gui-hua, ZHANG Ting-bin, BIE Xiao-juan, LI Jing-ji, WANG Guo-yan, LIN Meng-nan
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(5): 1208-1221. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240514

    Grassland carbon sink/source is an important part of carbon budget and carbon balance in vegetation ecosystem. Distinguishing the response of carbon sink and carbon source to climate change can provide a scientific basis for reducing sources and increasing sinks. Based on MODIS NPP data and the soil respiration model, we quantified the spatial and temporal variability of Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP) and carbon sink/source patterns in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) grassland ecosystem from 2001 to 2019, and analyzed the impact of climate change on grassland carbon sink/source using path analysis. The results show that the NEP in the grassland of the QTP presents a distribution pattern of higher in the east and lower in the west, with the average annual NEP of 54.41 g C m-2. Most of the grassland area in the QTP has functioned as a carbon sink since 2001. The areas of carbon sink are about 72.26×104 km2, with an average carbon sequestration of 79.61 Tg C a-1. The carbon source areas are about 47.82×104 km2, with an average carbon release of 14.26 Tg C a-1. Over the past 19 years, the trend of NEP in grassland of the QTP has been increasing. The trend of warming and humidification in the QTP was conducive to the increase of grassland NEP and the enhancement of carbon sinks. However, the effects of warming and drying trends on NEP varied greatly in different eco-geographical region systems.

  • LUO Xiu-li, JIN Xiao-bin, LIU Xiao-jie, ZHANG Su-shu, YING Su-chen, ZHOU Yin-kang
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(5): 1053-1067. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240505

    Peri-urban areas is a priority for urban-rural integrated development. Comprehensive land consolidation is an effective policy tool to address urban-rural development dilemmas in peri-urban areas, and its study is vital for urban-rural integration. Based on the symbiosis theory, this study puts forward the mechanism and model of comprehensive land consolidation to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas in peri-urban areas. It has been shown that: (1) Urban-rural symbiotic systems include symbiotic units, environments, models, and interfaces. The main obstacles to the realization of symbiotic peri-urban systems are the non-equilibrium development in the symbiotic units, the unequal mobility of the elements in the symbiotic environment, and the asymmetry and non-reciprocity of the symbiotic models. (2) Comprehensive land consolidation reshapes the symbiotic environment through the flow of elements, reconstructs the symbiotic units through spatial reconstruction, and drives the symbiotic model through functional promotion, which is the symbiotic interface that drives the evolution of urban-rural systems to symmetric and reciprocal benefits. (3) The core concept of the symmetrical and reciprocal urban-rural integration model in peri-urban areas is the equivalence of urban-rural life, economic reciprocity, and ecological sharing. The model includes urban agriculture, characteristic industry, leisure tourism, rural complex, and liveable community. (4) Huangqiao street invigorates urban-rural elements, optimizes urban-rural spatial planning, promotes urban-rural function, and forms an urban-rural integration model with characteristic industries through comprehensive land consolidation. The results provide a scientific basis for further promoting coordinated urban-rural integration and comprehensive land consolidation.

  • Research on China's Tourism Resources in the New Era
    ZOU Yong-guang, LEI Zhen-xian, LIAO Jin-jin, LI Yuan
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(7): 1512-1530. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240702

    Loss of sustained attention to tourism resources is the phenomenon of reduced or shifted attention to tourism resources, which is important for enhancing the risk-resistant ability of tourism resources. Based on the big data of online public opinion and the comprehensive use of sentiment analysis, LDA theme model, fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis and other research methods, the study explores the factors and paths that affect the loss of sustained attention to tourism resources based on the establishment of comprehensive evaluation indexes to measure the loss of sustained attention to tourism resources. The study found that: (1) The loss of sustained attention of tourism resources is characterised by volatility, but tends to be stable internally. (2) During the study period, the loss of sustained attention of Zibo, Hongyadong, and Harbin Ice and Snow Festival showed a decreasing trend, the loss of sustained attention of Chaka Salt Lake, Beer Festival, Impression Liu Sanjie, and Da Song Qianguo Love showed an increasing trend, and the loss of sustained attention of Datang Nocturnal City showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend. (3) The loss of sustained attention of tourism resources is influenced by the interaction of tourism supply, market demand, new media communication and other factors, and the paths that form the low loss of sustained attention of tourism resources are product innovation and media marketing. The results of the study provide theoretical reference for understanding the inner logic of the sustainable development of tourism resources in the new media era, and provide practical guidance for effectively matching public service supply, and improving resource quality and promotion.

  • Regular Articles
    HUANG An, WANG Yan, TIAN Li, LIU Lin-xin-er, XIA Jing, LIANG Yin-long, SUN Min-xuan, ZHUANG Yuan
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(10): 2450-2470. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20241012

    As one of the important subsystems of the global carbon system, the land use system plays a pivotal role in achieving global carbon neutrality. Based on the theoretical analysis and inductive deduction, this paper establishes a theoretical analysis framework for the carbon effect of the land use system from a social-ecological perspective. It summarizes the research history of the carbon effect of the land use system, basic measurement methods, and simulation prediction method systems. Additionally, it initially establishes an optimized path and toolbox for carbon neutrality in the land use system. Currently, basic research on measuring carbon emissions and carbon sequestration in the land use system has matured, and the research focus has shifted from basic research to comprehensive exploration of influencing factors, quantitative prediction and simulation of carbon emission reduction and sequestration enhancement, and carbon neutrality path research. However, several challenges remain: the lack of regional correction for equivalent coefficients in basic carbon emissions and sequestration measurements; the omission of governance dimensions in the theoretical analysis framework, leading to a dearth of collaborative governance scenario simulation studies for optimizing the carbon effect of the land use system among different stakeholders; and the absence of cost-benefit analysis in carbon effect scenario simulations, etc. In the future, more attention should be given to deepen the research on the complex system theoretical framework and perspective of the carbon effect of the land use system, strengthen the research on the governance mechanism and path of the carbon effect of the land use system, and expand the research on the synergistic path of carbon neutrality of the land use system, etc., which will provide theoretical support and practical reference for optimization of national land space in the context of the dual carbon goals.

  • WANG Fang, LIU Yong, HE Jin-sheng, HU Xie, QIN Yue, WANG Le-ye
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(5): 997-1007. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240501

    In the complex human and water adaptation process, river basins have become the containers and links that nurture human civilization and witness the evolution of urban and rural areas. River basin habitats refer to the adaptive systems formed by the interaction and coevolution of river basin and human settlement, characterized by integrity, dynamism, and synergy. From the multi-disciplinary common problems, the river basin habitats (riv-habitats) science encompasses three key issues: element coupling, scale correlation, and system evolution. It refines the theoretical model of the "node-setting-connection" structural theory and the "locality-adaptation" evolutionary theory and also improves a new paradigm of interdisciplinary approach and artificial intelligence for river basin habitats. As an interdisciplinary field that adapts to the needs of the times and that aims at the sustainable development goal of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, riv-habitats science comprehensively applies the knowledge and methods of multiple disciplines to carry out interdisciplinary systematic research on river basin habitats, which will contribute to the ecological civilization and high-quality development and construction of river basins in the New Era.

  • Regular Articles
    KONG Bing-qing, WANG Lei, ZHANG Xiao-ran
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(4): 878-896. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240408

    High-speed rail (HSR), as a fast and efficient modern transportation system, has a profound impact on regional and urban economic development and spatial structure evolution. This paper obtains data on HSR service network and urban economic data of 215 cities and counties in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2009-2019, analyzes the development impact of HSR network expansion through indicators such as urban HSR operation, accessibility and connectivity. Based on the multi-period Difference-in-Differences (DID) model, we examine the impact of HSR network on the change of urban commercial land prices, and analyze the variation of HSR impact. The results show that: (1) The YRD HSR network expansion significantly reduces travel time between study units and improves network accessibility for prefecture-level and below units to a greater extent. The HSR network constitutes a regional backbones centered by Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou. (2) The opening of HSR services, the improvement in accessibility and connectivity, positively influenced the average commercial land prices of cities and counties, resulting in price appreciation of 6.6%, 7.2%, and 7.4%, respectively. HSR network expansion has facilitated the relocation of business service industries to regional central cities with more frequent and convenient train services. With the advancement of HSR construction and planning in the future, local governments need to carefully consider the network effect of HSR in the context of local geographical and socioeconomic conditions to regulate the supply of commercial and service land use.

  • Research on China's Tourism Resources in the New Era
    XU Guo-liang, ZHAO Chan-juan, LIU Yu, WAN Pei-yu
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(4): 804-822. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240404

    The rapid development of rural tourism not only induces changes in the morphology of cultivated land utilization but also propels the structural transformation of cultivated land use functions. The focus on the diverse uses of traditional resources is highlighted by the new perspectives on tourism resources, supporting the idea that cultivated land provides multiple functions in rural destinations. Our research employs the trade-off/synergistic perspective to investigate the sustainable development issue resulting from the multifunctional transformation of cultivated land during the evolution of rural tourism destinations. To do an empirical study for this aim, we chose Zhongyuan township in Jiangxi province. First, by building an index system, we quantitatively measured the multifunctional level of cultivated land. Next, we used a geographic detector to analyze the factors that influence the multifunctional level of cultivated land. Finally, we used the Sperman rank correlation coefficient to analyze the trade-off/synergistic relationships. The results show that: (1) During the period, the indexes of comprehensive function and cultural function of cultivated land increased, but those of production, living and ecological function decreased. (2) During the age of rapid development, natural factors primarily influence the multi-functionality of cultivated land in rural tourism destinations. As for the stable consolidation phase, the supply capacity of recreational facilities and transportation services has a noticeable impact, and the degree of factor interaction varies. (3) Although there is often a synergistic relationship, there is rarely a clear trade-off relationship between the many functions of cultivated land. The highest level of synergy between the several functions of cultivated land has shifted from "production-life" to "production-culture", as a result of the fast development of rural tourism destinations that are now entering the stage of consolidation and development. The theoretical goal of our research is to show that the role of cultivated land resources is complex and can lead to structural alterations between various sub-functions as rural tourism grows. This tells us that, practically speaking, we ought to increase the range of options available to us so as to make use of the resources found on cultivated land. Leveraging market forces may be necessary to fully realize the variety of ways and forms of employing cultivated land resources, which will lead to the creation of unique and diversified tourism products, within strict compliance to rules for the conservation of cultivated land resources.

  • Regular Articles
    XU Ke-xi, ZHAN Bing-qian, JIANG Chun, BAO Hai-jun, SU Jie-yu, HE Min-yu
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(3): 682-698. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240311

    Constructing a low-carbon urban spatial pattern is a crucial path for promoting the green and low-carbon development of cities. This study, based on the constraint goals of urban carbon emissions, establishes a theoretical framework for optimizing the urban spatial pattern under the principles of intensity, compactness, efficiency, and green orientation. It analyzes the inherent relationship between urban spatial patterns and the carbon accounting system and subsequently develops an evaluation indicator system covering four dimensions: urban scale, urban form, urban layout, and blue-green space. The urban scale dimension aims to control urban sprawl, involving indicators of population, economy and spatial scale. The urban form dimension is orientated towards external compactness and covers indicators of urban plan form and facade form. For the urban layout dimension, the focus is on functional efficiency, covering indicators such as residential density and the ratio of jobs-housing balance. Blue-green space is considered important for enhancing urban carbon sink, with indicators including the proportion of such space and its integration degree. Following the logic path of "Evaluation indicator-Planning strategy-Planning content-Spatial response", this study proposes four practical paths: (1) enhancing urban carrying capacity to control urban expansion reasonably, (2) optimizing urban spatial structure to create compact urban form, (3) integrating development of People-City-Industry-Transportation to enhance urban service functions, (4) constructing an ecological network to increase carbon sink capacity. These four paths provide guidance for optimizing urban spatial pattern under carbon emission constraints.