The realization of the value of ecological products in the field of natural resources is a key path to implement the transformation concept of "two mountains" and promote ecological benefits and economic development. The existing ecological product value realization mechanism and local practice mode have problems such as single governance subject and insufficient driving force of participating subject. Therefore, this paper analyzes the theoretical logic of ecological product value realization in the field of natural resources with the help of multi-agent collaborative governance theory. Based on this, a multi-agent collaborative mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products in the field of natural resources is designed with the "production-supply-sales" mechanism, the value co-creation mechanism of ecological products in the field of natural resources and the information exchange mechanism of ecological products in the field of natural resources as the core elements. This will help expand the value realization model of land resource ecological products, water resource ecological products, forest resource ecological products, wetland resource ecological products. Guided by the multi-subject cooperative mechanism of ecological product value realization in the field of natural resources, we create a new pattern of ecological product value realization with multi-subject co-governance.

The deepening development of globalization and the transformation of regionalization are driving the continuous reshaping of the global political and economic pattern, while overseas strategic pivots, with their prominent geographical influence, play a supporting role in a country's global strategic deployment. This research combined geopolitical theory, new state space theory and location theory to reveal the impact mechanism and logical framework of spatial selection of China's overseas strategic pivots (COSPs) at different scales. On this basis, it preliminarily constructed the spatial selection model of COSPs, and then proposed an action path to put the model into practice from the perspective of actors. The results show that: (1) Geopolitical theory, new state space theory and location theory respectively dominate the spatial selection of COSPs at higher scale, mesoscale and lower scale. Specifically, the five underlying motivations derived from the three-dimensional perspective of "power-capital-space" have driven the rimland between land and sea powers to become the soil for cultivating COSP regions and countries; as a specific form of state spatial selectivity, COSP areas should be selected from strategic functional areas in COSP countries that are deeply supported by state spatial projects and strategies; owing to superior location conditions and location demand, coastal or border hub cities, international ports and parks in COSP countries have become the spatial selection range of COSP cities, ports and parks. (2) Each of the above three theories has its own emphasis, that is, they respectively dominate the spatial selection logic of COSPs at different scales; and they are also nested with each other, which means that the spatial selection of COSPs at various scales will inevitably be influenced by the geopolitical environment, state spatial selectivity and location conditions, thus shaping the logical framework of spatial selection. (3) The spatial selection model of COSPs has the characteristics of interlocking and multi-directional flow. In practice, the basic concept of "government domination and multiple actors initiation" should be adopted to strengthen top-level design, decision-making assistance and technical breakthroughs. The results can enrich the strategic pivot research framework and provide theoretical reference and policy inspiration for enhancing China's geopolitical influence.

In the context of digital transformation, establishing and improving the monitoring mechanism for the implementation of territorial spatial planning is an important key to enhance the efficiency of spatial governance as well as national governance. The implementation monitoring of territorial spatial planning in the New Era involves long-term and dynamic monitoring of the planning process and the spatial changes influenced by development, utilization, and protection. It serves as a necessary prerequisite for understanding the real-time status of spatial planning and promoting real-time feedback for planning optimization. This article systematically reviews the development of China's related work on planning implementation monitoring, and summarizes the shortcomings of existing work from positioning, content and technical framework, and transmission mechanism. Based on the analysis above, it clarifies the connotation of "continuous monitoring" and the positioning of "comprehensive supporting" for the implementation monitoring of territorial spatial planning. Furthermore, with the case of Ningbo city in Zhejiang province, it constructs the content framework of implementation monitoring for territorial spatial planning from three aspects: the implementation of planning requirements, the external effects of planning, and the adjustment of planning during processes. Also, it improves the monitoring indicators and builds flexible units for monitoring analysis and predicting models for future warning. All in all, it provides references for conducting comprehensive implementation monitoring methods of territorial spatial planning on city level.

On the basis of putting forward the connotation of marine geoeconomics, this paper combs the development process, research hotspots and research priorities of Chinese scholars, summarizes the research characteristics and existing shortcomings of marine geoeconomics, and looks forward to the future research trends. (1) Marine geoeconomics derives from geoeconomics and marine geopolitics, and is influenced by geopolitics. The core theme of the study is the economic and trade linkages of sea related countries. (2) The evolution process of marine geoeconomics thought can be divided into four stages: the embryonic period of thought, the initial formation period, the rise and development period, and the steady exploration period. The hotspots of the research are from the germination of marine geo-thought which stays at the ideological level, to strategic thinking around the struggle for sea power, to the qualitative exploration under the system of geo-economic theory, and to the quantitative analysis which is becoming more diversified and clearer. (3) China's research focus mainly includes marine geo-economic theories, marine geo-economic activities, marine geo-economic relationship, marine strategic resources competition pattern, marine geoeconomic strategies, high seas protected areas, etc. (4) At present, the study of marine geoeconomics in China is still in its initial stage of exploration, and the relevant basic theoretical research and quantitative analysis from multi-scales and multi-perspectives are relatively lacking, and the disciplinary characteristics of geography and resource science have not been fully reflected. However, it has gradually attracted the attention of multidisciplinary scholars, and the research content shows a trend of diversification. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the theoretical paradigm and decision-making support of marine geoeconomics research, the development, utilization and protection of high seas resources and its spatial effect, the community of human maritime destiny and the sustainable development and utilization of international marine resources, the security of maritime transport channels and the resilience of port and shipping supply chain, and China's marine geoeconomic environment under the background of the construction of a maritime power.

In the context of Chinese-style modernization, the common prosperity effect of tourism resource development is explored to point out the direction of exploration for accelerating the high-quality development of tourism industry and realizing the goal of common prosperity. This study clarifies the mechanism of tourism resource development through the income growth effect, infrastructure enhancement effect, culture communication effect and factor flow effect to promote the realization of common prosperity, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation system of tourism resource development in terms of scale and quality. The spatial econometric modeling is applied to empirically test the impact of mountain tourism resource development on the common prosperity based on the relevant data at the district and county level of the Western Hunan Area from 2007 to 2021. Ultimately, it proposes targeted development model optimization strategies based on the real needs of enhancing the value of resources, promoting rural revitalization and contributing to the common prosperity. The results show that: (1) The overall level of tourism resource development in Western Hunan Area shows a gentle growth trend, but the spatial difference is obvious, in which Yongding district and Fenghuang county are always the dominant parties, while Luxi county is in a relatively disadvantageous position. (2) The level of common prosperity in Western Hunan Area continues to improve, but there are still imbalances between districts and counties, with Yongding district, Jishou city and Hecheng district, where the municipal administrative center is located, in the top three. (3) Tourism resource development has a significant positive spatial spillover effect on common prosperity, that is, it can enhance the level of common prosperity in the region and adjacent regions. Both tourism scale and tourism quality can be effective in empowering common prosperity, and the positive effect of tourism quality on common prosperity is better than that of tourism scale. The impact of tourism resource development on common prosperity varies significantly in different regions, with Zhangjiajie city having the largest common prosperity effect of tourism resource development, followed by Huaihua city and Xiangxi prefecture. Guided by the goal of common prosperity, the models of sustainable utilization, quality upgrading, and regional integration for the development of mountain tourism resource are proposed.

Energy interconnection is an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative, and ensuring the safety of energy transportation pipelines is of great significance in promoting the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative. This paper takes China's cross-border oil and gas transport pipelines as the research object, and constructs an oil and gas transport pipeline safety evaluation index system covering five dimensions of pipeline, resources, economy, politics and diplomacy from two aspects of pipeline safety and pipeline routing involving national security. Based on the entropy-catastrophe progression method, the safety of China's cross-border oil and gas transport pipelines in 2020 is evaluated and classified into categories. The results show that: (1) The catastrophe level values of crude oil transportation pipelines are ranked as China-Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline>China-Russia crude oil pipeline>China-Myanmar crude oil pipeline; the catastrophe level values of natural gas transportation pipelines are ranked as China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline line C>China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline lines A and B>east route of China-Russia natural gas pipeline>China-Myanmar natural gas pipeline; and the pipelines have their respective advantages and disadvantages under the sub-dimensions. (2) According to the system clustering method, the pipelines are divided into two types: high security type and low security type. The high safety pipelines are in good condition at present, but there are still safety hazards; resource scarcity, political instability, and economic weakness have become unfavourable factors affecting the safety evaluation of low safety pipelines.

Assessment and monitoring are an essential part of promoting the achievement of the sustainable development. Currently, theoretical research and localized program around the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been in full swing, but the relevant assessment and practice process is still lacking in the consideration of target constraints and hierarchical transmission. To this end, the study establishes a sustainable development assessment oriented towards the SDGs and concerned on the systematicity and openness, which can be deconstructed and applied in multiscale spatial units. The results show that, at the national and regional levels, the gap between SDGs and the current level in 2020 regarding to the dimensions of safe ecology, pleasant environment and green development is rapidly narrowing. On the contrary, there is still a large gap on the dimension of harmony society, though the index experiences a steady growth, which can be interpreted as the uneven income distribution and large urban-rural differences. It is crucial to identify the priorities of different regions and the synergies and trade-off between indicators in different scaled objectives to promote the implementation of the SDGs. The proposed assessment program supports the diagnosis of regional problems of sustainable development and the understanding of interrelationships between different regions and goals. It also facilitates the active participation of different levels and actors in the cause of sustainable development within an open framework, and helps to systematically assess and monitor the process of realizing SDGs.

Afforestation is an important way to mitigate climate change, but its cost effectiveness cannot be ignored, which is especially important for the arid and semi-arid regions in Northwest China. To evaluate the cost effectiveness of afforestation for carbon sink in Northwest China, this paper constructed a three-dimensional integrated geography-economy-ecology analysis framework. The marginal afforestation areas in Northwest China was identified based on the superposition model of environmental factors and the dynamic optimization model of land use. The carbon sink potential by afforestation was predicted using the Richards growth equation, based on which the carbon sink supply curve was fitted. The cost effectiveness of afforestation for carbon sink in Northwest China was also analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The afforestation area that satisfies both natural and economic feasibility is 1027100 hm² in Northwest China, accounting for about 20.56% of natural afforestation. Among them, grassland and unused land were dominant, and suitable afforestation areas were mainly distributed in Qinghai and Gansu provinces. (2) The carbon sink potential of afforestation in Northwest China is 9.37 million tons CO₂ per year, and by 2060, afforestation will contribute approximately 9.70%-15.06% to the carbon neutrality target of this region, which cannot be ignored. (3) The average cost of afforestation for carbon sink in Northwest China was 948.81 yuan/t CO₂, which was not cost-effective overall compared with the carbon emission reduction cost of thermal power. And in scenarios where climate change needs to be addressed urgently, the afforestation for carbon sinks in Northwest China will become even less cost effective. Accordingly, policy recommendations were proposed to improve the contribution of afforestation for achieving carbon neutrality.

Farmland use transition (FUT) provides a novel approach to address global farmland use carbon emissions (FUCE). This paper employs various modeling techniques, including the entropy method, spatial autocorrelation models, and spatial econometric models, using Huang-Huai-Hai Plain as a case study. It investigates the spatial impact of FUT on FUCE under the double carbon background of China. The results reveal the following: (1) In Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, there is a significant positive spatial autocorrelation among FUCE, FUT, and their specific forms. FUCE exhibit a spatial pattern characterized by "high in the east and low in the west" and "high in the north and low in the south". (2) The dominant farmland use transition (DFUT) can aggravate FUCE in both the local county and neighboring counties, while the recessive farmland use transition (RFUT) lead to carbon reduction effects in both local and nearby regions. Quantitative farmland use transition (QFUT), spatial structure farmland use transition (SSFUT), and production function farmland use transition (PFFUT) all have positive direct effects on farmland use carbon emissions, as well as discernible spatial spillover effects. Conversely, both living function farmland use transition (LFFUT) and ecological function farmland use transition (EFFUT) contribute to carbon emissions reduction. This study suggests that a prudent approach should be taken to promote moderately scaled farmland operations, adjust the spatial distribution of farmland, and develop modern, low-carbon agriculture. Tailoring farmland use transitions to local conditions is crucial, harnessing regional comparative advantages and fully realizing the carbon reduction potential of RFUT, thereby contributing to the achievement of dual carbon goals.

The health of farmland system is closely related to the goal of "quantity-quality- ecology" in farmland protection, which is of great significance for ensuring sustainable development of the social economy. Therefore, this article takes the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, a major grain producing region, as an example. The farmland system health evaluation model based on system theory and ecosystem health theory is constructed. The spatiotemporal evolution of farmland system health in the study area from 2000 to 2020 is quantified using methods such as Sen-MK trend analysis, landscape pattern index, multi-scale geographic weighted regression, and GIS spatial analysis. Then, this research revealed the impact of multiple factors such as natural and socio-economic factors on the health of the farmland system. The research results indicate that: (1) From a temporal perspective, the overall health of the farmland system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2000 to 2020 showed a slight downward trend, which is related to the deterioration of the organizational structure stability and resilience of the farmland system. From a spatial perspective, the health status of the farmland system in the Northern Anhui, Northern Jiangsu, and eastern coastal areas continues to improve. The farmland in the Yangtze River Delta, Hunan, and Southern Jiangxi shows a trend of turning from poor to good, but the Jianghan Plain shows a clear deterioration trend. (2) The impact of natural environmental changes and human activities on the health of the farmland system exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity. Among them, changes in surface temperature, sunshine hours, relative humidity, and annual precipitation have a negative impact on the health of the entire farmland system in the region, while changes in annual GDP and spatial density of farmland have a positive impact on the health of the farmland system. The farmland system health assessment model constructed by this research can provide reference for constructing a "quantity-quality-ecology" performance evaluation of farmland protection. It is of great significance for improving the theoretical research of farmland system assessment and promoting regional farmland health management.

High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a socialist modernized country. The traditional research paradigm of tourism resources, which mainly focuses on the spatial inventory of existing resources and the economy, cannot meet the development of the tourism industry and national strategic needs in the New Era. It is urgent to clarify the new attributes, frameworks, and directions of tourism resources. Based on this, this study starts from the overall research pattern at home and abroad, analyzes the knowledge graph of tourism resource research based on CiteSpace 6.2.2, compares its research status and trend characteristics, and reveals theoretical needs. Furthermore, based on China's practices and trends, this research explores the model for the transformation of new attributes and categories of tourism resources. With the goal of high-quality development, starting from the new attributes of tourism resources, based on humanistic concepts, driven by technology and culture, and led by innovation and creativity, it explains the new changes in the expansion and research scope of tourism resources. It proposes a research framework for tourism resource innovation guided by high-quality development from the core layer, development layer, system layer (point, line to plane), explaining the innovation of tourism resource connotation, the innovation of tourism resource full chain concept, and the innovation of the "five in one" (it refers to the comprehensive development of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, and ecological civilization construction) domain structure. It proposes a research matrix for the intersection and integration of "five in one" and "three levels" of tourism resources, and proposes research directions for the high-quality development of tourism resources from the micro, medium, and macro levels of the five dimensions of economy, politics, culture, society, and ecology. The research aims to promote tourism resource research to undertake the mission of the times, serve national strategies, and use resource research as a lever to promote high-quality development in the New Era.

With the continuous improvement of human production innovation, the ontological cognition of ocean as a resource has gradually expanded from 'territorial' ocean to the field of high seas. The sustainable development of marine resources in the high seas is facing multiple threats. The delineation of protected areas on the high seas has become an important issue of global marine governance. From the perspective of human-ocean relationship, this paper studies the geo-setting system of high seas protected areas under the BBNJ, and puts forward the analytical thoughts and methods of high seas protected areas with geographical characteristics that China needs at present. First of all, this study deconstructs the human-ocean relationship in the high seas protected areas into the bottom layer and the operation layer. It reveals the human domain behavior of repair, maintenance and potential competition in the bottom layer, as well as the attributes of public, volumetric and dynamic ocean ontology. We simulate the human-ocean interaction process in the high seas protected areas in the operation layer, deconstruct the three links in the interaction process: foundation and support of human-ocean interaction, core of human-ocean interaction, premise and reflection of human-ocean interaction, and cover four subsystems: natural system, artificial system, relational system, and conceptual system. This leads to the marine geo-setting system of the high-seas protected areas, which is the core of human-ocean interaction. Secondly, this paper analyzes the marine geo-setting system of the high seas protected areas. According to the multiple interactions between human territorialization behavior and marine ontological attributes of the high seas protected areas, the paper summarizes the characteristics of the marine geo-setting system of the high seas protected areas into four aspects: subject diversity, spatial limitation, complex sensitivity and pattern variability and proposes that the marine environment is the supporting force; rules and institutions are the driving force; marine geo-relationships and geo-structure are the powering force; marine technology is the guarantee capability of evolution mechanism. Finally, according to the contents discussed in this study, combined with the current situation and the actual needs of China's participation in global marine governance, the policy suggestions for China's involvement in the demarcation of high seas protected areas are put forward.

Following the concept of system integrated development of "mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and sands" to revitalize the value of rural ecological resources is the key to promoting comprehensive rural revitalization in the New Era. On the basis of revealing the three-stage development connotation of "cultivation of ecological resource value, deepening of ecological resource capital, and realization of ecological resource value" that ecological resource value has gone through, this paper elaborates on the logical relationship between activation of ecological resource value and rural revitalization, and deeply analyzes the three-stage logical mechanism of ecological resource value activation promoting rural revitalization, and explores the typical regional models for promoting rural revitalization, as well as the regional and common practical difficulties that need to be overcome in the process of promoting rural revitalization. Based on the perspectives of logical development, regional difficulties, and common difficulties, a breakthrough path for the activation of ecological resources value to promote rural revitalization is proposed, providing scientific basis and theoretical guidance for revitalizing the value of ecological resources and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization.

The analysis of geo-economic relations from an industrial scale provides valuable insights into comprehending the formation of the prevailing international industrial division of labor pattern and the distribution of interests among nations. Therefore, it becomes imperative to introduce a more microscopic industrial scale into geo-economic analysis to gain a deeper understanding of these dynamics. Taking the nations surrounding the South China Sea as the research object, using national trade data, based on the geo-economic tightness model and the industrial structure similarity coefficient model, this paper calculates the geo-economic connection tightness and industrial coopetition relationship on the national and industrial scales of the nations surrounding the South China Sea from 2003 to 2021, and uses the fixed-effect model to analyze the potential influencing factors. The results reveal several significant findings. Firstly, the overall geo-economic tightness among the nations surrounding the South China Sea exhibits an upward trend, accompanied by a gradual shift in the core area from the southern to the northern region. Within the context of the industrial scale, the tightness of geo-economic relations displays an overall growth trajectory; however, notable variations in growth rates are observed across different industries. Notably, the machinery and transport equipment industry experiences a substantially higher growth rate compared to other sectors. Moreover, the geo-economic tightness within the marine industry presents a three-core pattern, characterized by opposing dynamics between the northern, southern, and eastern regions. Secondly, the industrial competition and cooperation relationship between nations surrounding the South China Sea demonstrates a multipolar development trend, with significant disparities observed among nations. The coopetition relationships across various industries exhibit relative stability on the whole, lacking any evident trend towards competition or cooperation. Nevertheless, there exists an upward trend in the disparities among industries. Furthermore, the coopetition relationship within the marine industry displays notable variations among nations, with the overall level remaining relatively high; however, the scope for geo-economic cooperation remains limited. Finally, this paper emphasizes the influence of spatial factors, natural endowment factors, institutional factors, and cultural factors on geo-economic tightness and industrial coopetition relationships across different scales and industries. It is important to note that these factors exhibit distinct variations and exert varying degrees of impact in different contexts.

Land use optimization in comprehensive land consolidation can meet the different demands for land under different objectives and alleviate potential land use conflicts. The national pilot project of comprehensive land consolidation in Danzhou city in Hainan province is selected as a case in this study. This paper sets two scenarios for comprehensive land consolidation including ecological value priority and realization potential of ecological product value priority under the trade-off between the increasing ecological value and realization potential of ecological product value. And the land use optimization is based on the third national land resource survey of the pilot project. Then the multi-objective programming model and GeoSOS-FLUS model are employed to optimize the land use structure and land use layout under two scenarios in comprehensive land consolidation. The results show that: (1) Compared to the land use status in 2019, the areas of mangrove forest and paddy field significantly increase under the ecological value priority scenario in the pilot project zone. The overall landscape exhibits a high level of polymerization, while evenness and fragmentation levels are relatively high. (2) Compared to the ecological value priority scenario, the areas of mangrove forest and paddy field decrease under the realization potential of the ecological product value priority scenario in the pilot project zone. And the areas of commercial and service land significantly increase. The level of landscape fragmentation of the overall landscape increases as well. (3) There are similarities and differences between the land use layout under the two scenarios and the construction project layout of comprehensive land consolidation in the Implementation Plan for the National Pilot Project of Comprehensive Land Consolidation in the Starting Zone of Danzhou City. Therefore, the areas and spatial layout of different types of land for increasing ecological value and realizing the potential of ecological product value should be considered overall in the comprehensive land consolidation. Meanwhile, we should pay attention to the effects of land use optimization on the landscape.

This paper constructs a "Size-Density-Morphology" basin ecological resilience evaluation system, using the coupled coordination model to estimate and analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of coupled coordination between new urbanization and ecological resilience in counties of the Fenhe River Basin from 2000 to 2021, and the spatial autocorrelation model is used to reveal the spatial clustering characteristics of coupled coordination. The coordination influence index is introduced to characterize the effect and the degree of role of each subsystem on the overall coupling coordination degree. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2021, the level of new urbanization in counties of the Fenhe River Basin had been improved slowly, the "core-edge" spatial pattern was significant, and the comprehensive index of ecological resilience had been decreasing continuously. The high-value areas in the spatial pattern are distributed in an "S" shape, and the low-value areas are concentrated in the central valley. (2) The coupling coordination degree is characterized by a downward trend from "mild coordination" to "mild imbalance". Affected by the location advantages and ecological endowment factors, the spatial distribution of the coupling coordination degree showed a "ring" distribution pattern of increasing from the core to the edge, and the spatial agglomeration trend is significant. (3) In the new urbanization, the population, space, society and green subsystems have a reverse blocking effect on the integrated coupling coordination degree, while the influence of economic urbanization on the comprehensive coupling coordination is first blocked and then promoted, and the ecological resilience subsystem has a reverse blocking effect on the integrated coupling coordination degree, with the scale and density toughness blocking increased and the morphological toughness blocking degree weakened. (4) The "Matthew effect" of the unbalanced development of new urbanization level is more obvious, and the external supply of energy in resource-based counties forces the density toughness to drop significantly. The ecological resilience is restricted by ecological resources, and the spatial evolution is path-dependent. The Fenhe River Basin has both the universal characteristics of urbanization, which has negative effects on the ecology, and the particularity of slow industrial transformation in resource-developing counties, and the significant lag of ecological construction compared with urbanization.

Based on the panel data of 31 provincial-level regions in China from 2004 to 2021, this paper constructs a Time-varying DID model from dual perspectives of scale and structure to examine the impact of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (hereafter the Project) on agricultural water use in the water-receiving areas. The results show that: (1) The water supply of the project has reduced the scale and proportion of agricultural water use in the receiving areas, and the mechanism analysis of the result is the reduction of the planting area and proportion of economic crops, and the increase of the proportion of grain crops. (2) Compared with the eastern route, the negative impact of the Project on the agricultural water use in the receiving areas is more serious in the middle route areas. (3) There is an effect of "indirect return of agricultural water through water supply" of the Project, but at this stage it is neglected by the direct impact of the Project on agricultural water use in the water-receiving areas. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly understand the impact of the Project on the agricultural water use of the water-receiving areas from a strategic perspective, to strengthen the support of agricultural water use to ensure national food security, and to promote the high-quality development of follow-up projects of the Project.

Urban wetlands are an important part of the urban system and have very important ecological and social functions. Wetland city is an honorary initiative implemented by the Ramsar Convention to commend cities for their achievements in protecting wetlands. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the key to solving global problems. It is leading and guiding wetland protection and urban development. This study connects the wetland cities with the United Nations Sustainable Development Strategy and attempts to explore new paths for synergy between urban development and wetland protection. (1) It sorted out the development history and certification process of wetland cities comprehensively, and summarized the experience of 13 wetland cities of China. (2) It introduced the three stages of sustainable development, and summarized international initiatives related to wetlands and cities based on Sustainable Development Goals. (3) The future trend should aim to promote the exploration of sustainable development paradigms of wetland cities towards "international convention organization-creation effectiveness monitoring-development indicator evaluation", and to enrich high-quality development practices of wetland cities towards "national strategic needs and local urban construction". This study provides technical support for intelligent decision-making services of urban wetlands focusing on "urban wetland remote sensing monitoring-urban wetland simulation prediction-urban wetland comprehensive assessment and services".

After the national territory spatial planning system was established, the relevant work about performance evaluation of spatial development should be carried out scientifically and systematically, and it will become an important support for spatial development and land use control in territory spatial plannings at all levels. Based on the spatial performance evaluation in the existing practice, the study tries to explain the connotation of performance evaluation of spatial development in the context of territory spatial planning system, and then combines the ongoing practices at various levels to propose a framework system and key issues. According to the study, the topic about performance evaluation of spatial development originates from the serious problems existing in traditional spatial development models and the long-term strategic demand for optimizing the spatial pattern. It has become an important research direction in the field of spatial development in new development stage, and will contribute to the optimization and high-quality development of various types of space patterns in territory spatial planning. At the same time, the performance evaluation and improvement of spatial development should be coordinated with territory spatial planning at all levels, forming a multi-level framework from macro- to micro-perspective. The performance evaluation of spatial development can provide comprehensive ideas for guiding the improvement of spatial performance in territory spatial planning, as well as inspiration for the formulation of corresponding policies such as spatial redevelopment.

The systematic study of the spatio-temporal coupling relationship between construction land and population serves as a theoretical basis for optimizing and adjusting policies related to construction land and population, ultimately enhancing the efficiency of land resource utilization. Utilizing four sets of census data since 1990 and multi-temporal land use remote sensing monitoring data, this study analyzes the spatial and temporal changes and coupling relationships between construction land area and population in Shanghai's urban area and its 16 administrative districts from 1990 to 2020, based on the population-construction land change rate model. The research findings are as follows: (1) Over the past 30 years, both construction land and population in Shanghai have expanded significantly, marked by intense change intensities, and exhibiting typical sprawl characteristics. (2) The population and land use changes in all 16 districts of the city simultaneously show spatial differentiation and geographic adjacency features. (3) While the intensity of changes in the suburban and outer suburban areas first increases and then decreases, some central urban areas experience a decrease in both population and land use. The results of the study reflect a phased characteristic of "compensatory initiation, expansive development, and contraction equilibrium" in the population and land use changes in Shanghai over the past 30 years. The study introduces concepts and calculation methods such as change intensity and elasticity for the first time, and incorporates geographic information to enhance result visualization. The research conclusions provide an evaluation method and value orientation for the relationship between people and land in mega-cities, offering reference for relevant policy formulation and planning.