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  • Interview with Experts
    JIN Xiao-bin, YE Chao, YUE Wen-ze, MA Li-bang, LUO Zhen-dong, YANG Ren, LYU Xiao, WANG Cheng, LI Chuan-wu, ZHANG Guo-jun, FAN Ye-ting
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(1): 1-28. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240101

    Urban-rural integrated development is an important way to coordinate the national strategies of new urbanization and rural revitalization. It is also crucial for Chinese-style modernization. To comprehensively tackle challenges facing the current urban-rural integration in China, explore the path of coordinated urban-rural governance, and clarify the strategies for urban-rural integrated development, experts from various fields were cordially invited to engage in in-depth discussions on pressing issues related to urban-rural iintegrated development. These issues include the trends and pathways of urban-rural integration in contemporary China, Innovation of institutions and mechanisms for urban-rural integration, implementation pathways for territorial spatial planning, emerging rural business models and rural transformation pathways, high-quality development pathways for urban-rural integration in different regions, and the path of promoting urban-rural integrated development through comprehensive land consolidation. These discussions aimed to advance theoretical research and practical planning of urban-rural integrated development in China. Attentions need to be paid in urban-rural integrated development in the New Era on: (1) The primary obstacles and innovative pathways in the institutions and mechanisms of urban-rural integrated development guided by comprehensive coordination and regional interconnectivity. Constructing an infrastructure and public service system that effectively connects and complements urban and rural areas, accelerating the coordinated development of urban and rural areas using counties as the carrier, and promoting the flexible governance of this population while concurrently achieving integrated governance of urban-rural natural and social system. Promoting cross-border governance, encouraging cooperation and assistance between eastern and western regions, and achieving regional-scale coordinated development between urban and rural areas. Underdeveloped regions in both Central and Western China should strengthen the linkage role of counties and small towns. This involves enhancing their attractiveness for the inflow of talent, technology, and capital, and driving the transformation of industrial structures towards digitization, intelligence, and low. In contrast, developed regions in the Eastern China should establish a spatial structure system with multiple focal points, network layout, and clear hierarchies. They should expand the breadth and precision of urban-rural factor mobility, and promote the transformation and upgrade of traditional infrastructure and public services, aiming for inclusive development. (2) Optimizing the allocation of resource elements driven by the "planning-utilization-consolidation" cycle in territorial spatial management to achieve shared urban-rural governance and rural reconstruction. Anchoring the spatial pattern of urban and rural development through territorial spatial planning, optimizing the urban-rural spatial layout during planning implementation. Ultimately, improving the spatial quality organic renewal and driving bidirectional flows of diverse elements between urban and rural regions. Place emphasis on rural functional provision, resource utilization orientation, and industrial development models, uncovering multifaceted rural functions including production, lifestyle, ecology, and landscapes. Exploring regionally adapted industrial integration models that enhance agricultural and rural development vitality through distinctive features and high efficiency gains. We also should enhance the leading role of comprehensive land consolidation policies, incentivize and support active private capital involvement, promote resource integration and value enhancement. Strengthening urban-rural industrial synergy and integrated development, and facilitating the orderly flow of urban-rural resource elements. (3) Enhanced awareness and innovative practices in targeted urban-rural governance and rural transformation supported by digital technology and intelligent platforms. Establishing an urban-rural data sharing platform helps bridge the "digital divide" in urban-rural integrated development and enables refined governance across urban and rural areas. Deeply apply the technologies like 5G, Internet of Things (IoT) to support the transformation and upgrade of conventional infrastructure. Expanding the coverage of digital devices in rural basic facilities, and utilizing digital technology to integrate cultural resources across urban and rural areas. Promoting the deep integration of the digital economy and the physical economy involves linking consumer markets through the internet and digital technology, establishing diverse channels for agricultural product distribution, and stimulating the transformation of consumption patterns and the enhancement of consumption capabilities for both urban and rural residents. Embedding digital technology into rural industry development and social governance processes to facilitate the intelligent transformation of agricultural production, digitalization of rural industry development, smartification of rural administrative affairs, and establishment of a digital grid for rural social governance. The aforementioned viewpoints can provide theoretical support and decision-making foundations for achieving the goal of urban-rural integrated development oriented towards Chinese-style modernization.

  • Interview with Experts on New Quality Productive Forces
    WANG Jin-wei, LU Lin, WANG Zhao-feng, WEI Min, SONG Rui, YANG Yong, BAI Kai, LIN Ming-shui, YU Hu, ZHU He
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(7): 1643-1663. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240709

    New quality productive forces are the core driver for building a modern tourism sector and also support the development of a strong tourism nation. In order to deeply understand the scientific connotation of new quality productive forces and clarify the theoretical logic and strategic path of new quality productive forces empowering the high-quality development of tourism industry, several experts on regional economic development, the digital economy, tourism management and geography were interviewed. The interviews were based on the logic of "problem orientation-innovative thinking-path mechanism", focusing on the background, opportunities and challenges, core meanings, drivers, and innovations empowering the high-quality development of tourism new quality productive forces. There were three main conclusions from this research. The first was the strategic opportunities and risks of promoting the high-quality development of tourism through new quality productive forces against a background of rapid and continuous technological change. New quality productive forces optimize resource allocation through scientific and technological innovation, and improve the production efficiency and growth quality of tourism. They also produce new tourism development models and forms of business, constantly generating momentum to drive high-quality economic and social improvements. Especially in rural tourism, the role of new quality productive forces is particularly significant. It promotes the gradual improvement of the rural tourism production network, enhances cooperation among rural tourism stakeholders, helps rural tourism participants evolve new production initiatives, and ultimately reinvigorates rural areas with increased prosperity. However, given globalization and rapid digitalization, innovation in tourism faces a series of challenges. In particular, the lack of systematic development of tourism software and hardware, risks of data security and privacy protection, resistance to change and innovation in traditional tourism, and the "growing pains" brought by the transformation to new technologies deserve attention. The development of new quality productive forces in future tourism must focus on technological innovation, find and prepare a quality tourism workforce, optimize and more closely integrate products and services with human talent, and significantly improve the total factor productivity of tourism. Second, the process of empowering the high-quality development of tourism must encompass technological innovation leading to industrial modernization. Innovation plays a leading role in new quality productive forces and is the core driver of the high-quality development of tourism. The new quality productive forces empowering this tourism development have several specific features. Technological innovation leads the modernization of the tourism sector and is a prerequisite for the high-quality development of tourism. Factor integration and supply-demand matching are the intrinsic requirements for the high-quality development of tourism. Other critical ingredients are digitization, greening and artificial intelligence. The significant improvement of total factor productivity must be the core goal for the high-quality development of tourism. Third, the guidance of national strategy is crucial to the progress and prospects for new quality productive forces empowering the high-quality development of tourism. New quality productive forces are receiving widespread emphasis since their inception and have become a core issue highly valued by the tourism sector in China. In the New Era, modern technology has become a key production factor in tourism. Additionally, the transformation and upgrading of tourism is dynamically advancing, growth is strengthening, and the ability of tourism to serve national economic and social-cultural strategies is becoming more noticeable. However, it should not be overlooked that high-quality tourism development is still faced with serious problems such as weak technological innovation capabilities, uneven regional development, inadequate circulation of factor resources, and insufficient human talent for tourism. To further enhance the beneficial impacts of new quality productive forces in stimulating the high-quality development of tourism, it is necessary to focus on deepening the reform of the system and operations in tourism, optimizing the creative allocation of tourism production factors, accelerating the development of a modern tourism sector, and improving the quality of professional tourism talent. These three recommendations will not only enhance the understanding and application of new quality productive forces to a certain extent, but also provide decision-making support for building China into a leading tourism nation in the world.

  • Ecological Products Value Realization in Natural Resources: Theory and Practice
    XIE Hua-lin, LI Zhi-yuan
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(12): 2933-2949. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231201

    The realization of the value of ecological products in the field of natural resources is a key path to implement the transformation concept of "two mountains" and promote ecological benefits and economic development. The existing ecological product value realization mechanism and local practice mode have problems such as single governance subject and insufficient driving force of participating subject. Therefore, this paper analyzes the theoretical logic of ecological product value realization in the field of natural resources with the help of multi-agent collaborative governance theory. Based on this, a multi-agent collaborative mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products in the field of natural resources is designed with the "production-supply-sales" mechanism, the value co-creation mechanism of ecological products in the field of natural resources and the information exchange mechanism of ecological products in the field of natural resources as the core elements. This will help expand the value realization model of land resource ecological products, water resource ecological products, forest resource ecological products, wetland resource ecological products. Guided by the multi-subject cooperative mechanism of ecological product value realization in the field of natural resources, we create a new pattern of ecological product value realization with multi-subject co-governance.

  • Regular Articles
    XU Bao-chang, LI Han, GUO Yu-ming
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(11): 2899-2918. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231114

    The establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones is an important initiative for China to promote a high level of opening up to the outside world and to strengthen economic and cultural exchanges between countries internationally, and its prosperous economic activities provide an opportunity for the development of inbound tourism at the same time. The article uses the establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones (hereafter Pilot Zones) as a quasi-natural experiment to systematically assess the impact of the establishment of the Pilot Zones on the development of inbound tourism using a multi-stage double difference method based on balanced panel data for 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2019. The study finds that the establishment of the Pilot Zones significantly promotes the development of inbound tourism. Compared with the cities in the non-cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones, the inbound tourism foreign exchange income of the cities set up as the pilot zones increased by about 15.4% on average. This conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests, such as parallel trend test, placebo test, replacement of explained variables, and winsorization. Besides, the Pilot Zones have promoted the development of inbound tourism through two mechanisms of opening up effect and Internet construction effect. Furthermore, there is a significant difference in the promotion effect of the establishment of the pilot zones on inbound tourism, and its policy effect is more significant in provincial capitals, but not in megacities and supercities. The study provides an empirical basis for exploiting the welfare effects of China's cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones policy to achieve an efficient recovery of inbound tourism in the new development phase. At the same time, it provides strong support for the implementation of the decision-making and deployment of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) for Tourism Development and provides policy reference for better exerting the promoting effect of the Pilot Zones on inbound tourism development, summarizing regional advantages and promoting advanced experience.

  • Regular Articles
    YUAN Jin-tao, CHEN Wan-xu, ZENG Jie
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(12): 3135-3149. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231212

    The spatio-temporal patterns of China's cropland have been profoundly reshaped over the past 40 years, and it is vital to scientifically reveal the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of cropland use change and analyze its impact on cropland NPP for accurately judging the utilization situation of cropland resources and ensuring food security in China. However, few studies have focused on the spatio-temporal characteristics of cropland use change and their impacts on cropland NPP in China were still unclear. This study quantitatively analyzed the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of cropland use change in China from 1980 to 2020 and its impact on cropland NPP by applying the models of gravity analysis, spatial statistical analysis, and digital terrain analysis. The results were showed as follows: (1) The quantity of transfer-in cropland in China gradually exceeds that of transfer-out cropland during 1980-2020, with the spatial characteristics of south-decreased and north-increased, east-decreased and west-increased, and the gravity center of transfer-out cropland and transfer-in cropland overall moves to Southwest China. (2) Both transfer-in and transfer-out cropland develop to areas with high elevation and slope, and the average elevation and slope of transfer-in cropland is higher than that of transfer-out cropland with the phenomenon of "even cropland decreasing with steep cropland increasing" and "low-elevation cropland decreasing with high-elevation cropland increasing". (3) The fragmentation degree of transfer-in and transfer-out cropland in China has deepened, with the fragmentation degree of transfer-in cropland being higher and the phenomenon of "contiguously reduced and fragmentarily increasing". (4) The conversion of cropland to grassland and forest land was most frequent during 1980-2000, and the phenomenon of returning cropland to forest land and grassland and construction land encroaching on cropland became more obvious during 2000-2020. (5) The cropland NPP in China generally increased during the study period, but declined in several urban agglomerations and their surrounding areas. The study results provide a basis for understanding the process of cropland use change and its impacts in China, and provide scientific support for the refinement of cropland protection policies as well as the safeguarding of food security.

  • Marine Geo-economy and Sustainable Use of Ocean Resources
    MA Xue-guang, JIANG Ce
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(11): 2687-2703. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231101

    The deepening development of globalization and the transformation of regionalization are driving the continuous reshaping of the global political and economic pattern, while overseas strategic pivots, with their prominent geographical influence, play a supporting role in a country's global strategic deployment. This research combined geopolitical theory, new state space theory and location theory to reveal the impact mechanism and logical framework of spatial selection of China's overseas strategic pivots (COSPs) at different scales. On this basis, it preliminarily constructed the spatial selection model of COSPs, and then proposed an action path to put the model into practice from the perspective of actors. The results show that: (1) Geopolitical theory, new state space theory and location theory respectively dominate the spatial selection of COSPs at higher scale, mesoscale and lower scale. Specifically, the five underlying motivations derived from the three-dimensional perspective of "power-capital-space" have driven the rimland between land and sea powers to become the soil for cultivating COSP regions and countries; as a specific form of state spatial selectivity, COSP areas should be selected from strategic functional areas in COSP countries that are deeply supported by state spatial projects and strategies; owing to superior location conditions and location demand, coastal or border hub cities, international ports and parks in COSP countries have become the spatial selection range of COSP cities, ports and parks. (2) Each of the above three theories has its own emphasis, that is, they respectively dominate the spatial selection logic of COSPs at different scales; and they are also nested with each other, which means that the spatial selection of COSPs at various scales will inevitably be influenced by the geopolitical environment, state spatial selectivity and location conditions, thus shaping the logical framework of spatial selection. (3) The spatial selection model of COSPs has the characteristics of interlocking and multi-directional flow. In practice, the basic concept of "government domination and multiple actors initiation" should be adopted to strengthen top-level design, decision-making assistance and technical breakthroughs. The results can enrich the strategic pivot research framework and provide theoretical reference and policy inspiration for enhancing China's geopolitical influence.

  • Regular Articles
    LANG Yu, WANG Gui-xia
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(1): 29-48. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240102

    Following the concept of system integrated development of "mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and sands" to revitalize the value of rural ecological resources is the key to promoting comprehensive rural revitalization in the New Era. On the basis of revealing the three-stage development connotation of "cultivation of ecological resource value, deepening of ecological resource capital, and realization of ecological resource value" that ecological resource value has gone through, this paper elaborates on the logical relationship between activation of ecological resource value and rural revitalization, and deeply analyzes the three-stage logical mechanism of ecological resource value activation promoting rural revitalization, and explores the typical regional models for promoting rural revitalization, as well as the regional and common practical difficulties that need to be overcome in the process of promoting rural revitalization. Based on the perspectives of logical development, regional difficulties, and common difficulties, a breakthrough path for the activation of ecological resources value to promote rural revitalization is proposed, providing scientific basis and theoretical guidance for revitalizing the value of ecological resources and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization.

  • Regular Articles
    HUANG Yi-jing, ZHANG Shan-qi, LIN Yun, ZHEN Feng, ZHAO Sai-shuai, LI Lu
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(4): 823-841. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240405

    In the context of digital transformation, establishing and improving the monitoring mechanism for the implementation of territorial spatial planning is an important key to enhance the efficiency of spatial governance as well as national governance. The implementation monitoring of territorial spatial planning in the New Era involves long-term and dynamic monitoring of the planning process and the spatial changes influenced by development, utilization, and protection. It serves as a necessary prerequisite for understanding the real-time status of spatial planning and promoting real-time feedback for planning optimization. This article systematically reviews the development of China's related work on planning implementation monitoring, and summarizes the shortcomings of existing work from positioning, content and technical framework, and transmission mechanism. Based on the analysis above, it clarifies the connotation of "continuous monitoring" and the positioning of "comprehensive supporting" for the implementation monitoring of territorial spatial planning. Furthermore, with the case of Ningbo city in Zhejiang province, it constructs the content framework of implementation monitoring for territorial spatial planning from three aspects: the implementation of planning requirements, the external effects of planning, and the adjustment of planning during processes. Also, it improves the monitoring indicators and builds flexible units for monitoring analysis and predicting models for future warning. All in all, it provides references for conducting comprehensive implementation monitoring methods of territorial spatial planning on city level.

  • Regular Articles
    GUO Jian-ke, DONG Meng-ru, HAN Zeng-lin, QIN Ya-feng
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(2): 287-306. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240204

    On the basis of putting forward the connotation of marine geoeconomics, this paper combs the development process, research hotspots and research priorities of Chinese scholars, summarizes the research characteristics and existing shortcomings of marine geoeconomics, and looks forward to the future research trends. (1) Marine geoeconomics derives from geoeconomics and marine geopolitics, and is influenced by geopolitics. The core theme of the study is the economic and trade linkages of sea related countries. (2) The evolution process of marine geoeconomics thought can be divided into four stages: the embryonic period of thought, the initial formation period, the rise and development period, and the steady exploration period. The hotspots of the research are from the germination of marine geo-thought which stays at the ideological level, to strategic thinking around the struggle for sea power, to the qualitative exploration under the system of geo-economic theory, and to the quantitative analysis which is becoming more diversified and clearer. (3) China's research focus mainly includes marine geo-economic theories, marine geo-economic activities, marine geo-economic relationship, marine strategic resources competition pattern, marine geoeconomic strategies, high seas protected areas, etc. (4) At present, the study of marine geoeconomics in China is still in its initial stage of exploration, and the relevant basic theoretical research and quantitative analysis from multi-scales and multi-perspectives are relatively lacking, and the disciplinary characteristics of geography and resource science have not been fully reflected. However, it has gradually attracted the attention of multidisciplinary scholars, and the research content shows a trend of diversification. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the theoretical paradigm and decision-making support of marine geoeconomics research, the development, utilization and protection of high seas resources and its spatial effect, the community of human maritime destiny and the sustainable development and utilization of international marine resources, the security of maritime transport channels and the resilience of port and shipping supply chain, and China's marine geoeconomic environment under the background of the construction of a maritime power.

  • Utilization and Management of Natural Resources in the New Era
    LI Yi, ZHAO Yuan, XIA Si-you
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(3): 547-563. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240304

    Energy interconnection is an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative, and ensuring the safety of energy transportation pipelines is of great significance in promoting the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative. This paper takes China's cross-border oil and gas transport pipelines as the research object, and constructs an oil and gas transport pipeline safety evaluation index system covering five dimensions of pipeline, resources, economy, politics and diplomacy from two aspects of pipeline safety and pipeline routing involving national security. Based on the entropy-catastrophe progression method, the safety of China's cross-border oil and gas transport pipelines in 2020 is evaluated and classified into categories. The results show that: (1) The catastrophe level values of crude oil transportation pipelines are ranked as China-Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline>China-Russia crude oil pipeline>China-Myanmar crude oil pipeline; the catastrophe level values of natural gas transportation pipelines are ranked as China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline line C>China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline lines A and B>east route of China-Russia natural gas pipeline>China-Myanmar natural gas pipeline; and the pipelines have their respective advantages and disadvantages under the sub-dimensions. (2) According to the system clustering method, the pipelines are divided into two types: high security type and low security type. The high safety pipelines are in good condition at present, but there are still safety hazards; resource scarcity, political instability, and economic weakness have become unfavourable factors affecting the safety evaluation of low safety pipelines.

  • Regular Articles
    WANG Zong-shun, ZHANG Hai-peng, YUE Chao, YANG Hong-qiang, ZHANG Han
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(3): 731-748. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240314

    Afforestation is an important way to mitigate climate change, but its cost effectiveness cannot be ignored, which is especially important for the arid and semi-arid regions in Northwest China. To evaluate the cost effectiveness of afforestation for carbon sink in Northwest China, this paper constructed a three-dimensional integrated geography-economy-ecology analysis framework. The marginal afforestation areas in Northwest China was identified based on the superposition model of environmental factors and the dynamic optimization model of land use. The carbon sink potential by afforestation was predicted using the Richards growth equation, based on which the carbon sink supply curve was fitted. The cost effectiveness of afforestation for carbon sink in Northwest China was also analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The afforestation area that satisfies both natural and economic feasibility is 1027100 hm2 in Northwest China, accounting for about 20.56% of natural afforestation. Among them, grassland and unused land were dominant, and suitable afforestation areas were mainly distributed in Qinghai and Gansu provinces. (2) The carbon sink potential of afforestation in Northwest China is 9.37 million tons CO2 per year, and by 2060, afforestation will contribute approximately 9.70%-15.06% to the carbon neutrality target of this region, which cannot be ignored. (3) The average cost of afforestation for carbon sink in Northwest China was 948.81 yuan/t CO2, which was not cost-effective overall compared with the carbon emission reduction cost of thermal power. And in scenarios where climate change needs to be addressed urgently, the afforestation for carbon sinks in Northwest China will become even less cost effective. Accordingly, policy recommendations were proposed to improve the contribution of afforestation for achieving carbon neutrality.

  • Research on China's Tourism Resources in the New Era
    MA Xue-feng, ZHAO Jie
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(4): 749-767. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240401

    In the context of Chinese-style modernization, the common prosperity effect of tourism resource development is explored to point out the direction of exploration for accelerating the high-quality development of tourism industry and realizing the goal of common prosperity. This study clarifies the mechanism of tourism resource development through the income growth effect, infrastructure enhancement effect, culture communication effect and factor flow effect to promote the realization of common prosperity, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation system of tourism resource development in terms of scale and quality. The spatial econometric modeling is applied to empirically test the impact of mountain tourism resource development on the common prosperity based on the relevant data at the district and county level of the Western Hunan Area from 2007 to 2021. Ultimately, it proposes targeted development model optimization strategies based on the real needs of enhancing the value of resources, promoting rural revitalization and contributing to the common prosperity. The results show that: (1) The overall level of tourism resource development in Western Hunan Area shows a gentle growth trend, but the spatial difference is obvious, in which Yongding district and Fenghuang county are always the dominant parties, while Luxi county is in a relatively disadvantageous position. (2) The level of common prosperity in Western Hunan Area continues to improve, but there are still imbalances between districts and counties, with Yongding district, Jishou city and Hecheng district, where the municipal administrative center is located, in the top three. (3) Tourism resource development has a significant positive spatial spillover effect on common prosperity, that is, it can enhance the level of common prosperity in the region and adjacent regions. Both tourism scale and tourism quality can be effective in empowering common prosperity, and the positive effect of tourism quality on common prosperity is better than that of tourism scale. The impact of tourism resource development on common prosperity varies significantly in different regions, with Zhangjiajie city having the largest common prosperity effect of tourism resource development, followed by Huaihua city and Xiangxi prefecture. Guided by the goal of common prosperity, the models of sustainable utilization, quality upgrading, and regional integration for the development of mountain tourism resource are proposed.

  • Utilization and Management of Natural Resources in the New Era
    YANG Zhen-shan, YANG Hang, YANG Lin-sheng, GE Quan-sheng
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(3): 489-507. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240301

    Assessment and monitoring are an essential part of promoting the achievement of the sustainable development. Currently, theoretical research and localized program around the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been in full swing, but the relevant assessment and practice process is still lacking in the consideration of target constraints and hierarchical transmission. To this end, the study establishes a sustainable development assessment oriented towards the SDGs and concerned on the systematicity and openness, which can be deconstructed and applied in multiscale spatial units. The results show that, at the national and regional levels, the gap between SDGs and the current level in 2020 regarding to the dimensions of safe ecology, pleasant environment and green development is rapidly narrowing. On the contrary, there is still a large gap on the dimension of harmony society, though the index experiences a steady growth, which can be interpreted as the uneven income distribution and large urban-rural differences. It is crucial to identify the priorities of different regions and the synergies and trade-off between indicators in different scaled objectives to promote the implementation of the SDGs. The proposed assessment program supports the diagnosis of regional problems of sustainable development and the understanding of interrelationships between different regions and goals. It also facilitates the active participation of different levels and actors in the cause of sustainable development within an open framework, and helps to systematically assess and monitor the process of realizing SDGs.

  • Regular Articles
    WANG Meng-cheng, DONG You-ming, LIN Na-na, QI Xin-xian, HUANG Xian-jin
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(2): 352-371. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240208

    Farmland use transition (FUT) provides a novel approach to address global farmland use carbon emissions (FUCE). This paper employs various modeling techniques, including the entropy method, spatial autocorrelation models, and spatial econometric models, using Huang-Huai-Hai Plain as a case study. It investigates the spatial impact of FUT on FUCE under the double carbon background of China. The results reveal the following: (1) In Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, there is a significant positive spatial autocorrelation among FUCE, FUT, and their specific forms. FUCE exhibit a spatial pattern characterized by "high in the east and low in the west" and "high in the north and low in the south". (2) The dominant farmland use transition (DFUT) can aggravate FUCE in both the local county and neighboring counties, while the recessive farmland use transition (RFUT) lead to carbon reduction effects in both local and nearby regions. Quantitative farmland use transition (QFUT), spatial structure farmland use transition (SSFUT), and production function farmland use transition (PFFUT) all have positive direct effects on farmland use carbon emissions, as well as discernible spatial spillover effects. Conversely, both living function farmland use transition (LFFUT) and ecological function farmland use transition (EFFUT) contribute to carbon emissions reduction. This study suggests that a prudent approach should be taken to promote moderately scaled farmland operations, adjust the spatial distribution of farmland, and develop modern, low-carbon agriculture. Tailoring farmland use transitions to local conditions is crucial, harnessing regional comparative advantages and fully realizing the carbon reduction potential of RFUT, thereby contributing to the achievement of dual carbon goals.

  • ZHOU Xiao-ping, LIANG Ying, LI Xiao-tian, CHAI Duo
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(5): 1174-1192. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240512

    The health of farmland system is closely related to the goal of "quantity-quality- ecology" in farmland protection, which is of great significance for ensuring sustainable development of the social economy. Therefore, this article takes the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, a major grain producing region, as an example. The farmland system health evaluation model based on system theory and ecosystem health theory is constructed. The spatiotemporal evolution of farmland system health in the study area from 2000 to 2020 is quantified using methods such as Sen-MK trend analysis, landscape pattern index, multi-scale geographic weighted regression, and GIS spatial analysis. Then, this research revealed the impact of multiple factors such as natural and socio-economic factors on the health of the farmland system. The research results indicate that: (1) From a temporal perspective, the overall health of the farmland system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2000 to 2020 showed a slight downward trend, which is related to the deterioration of the organizational structure stability and resilience of the farmland system. From a spatial perspective, the health status of the farmland system in the Northern Anhui, Northern Jiangsu, and eastern coastal areas continues to improve. The farmland in the Yangtze River Delta, Hunan, and Southern Jiangxi shows a trend of turning from poor to good, but the Jianghan Plain shows a clear deterioration trend. (2) The impact of natural environmental changes and human activities on the health of the farmland system exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity. Among them, changes in surface temperature, sunshine hours, relative humidity, and annual precipitation have a negative impact on the health of the entire farmland system in the region, while changes in annual GDP and spatial density of farmland have a positive impact on the health of the farmland system. The farmland system health assessment model constructed by this research can provide reference for constructing a "quantity-quality-ecology" performance evaluation of farmland protection. It is of great significance for improving the theoretical research of farmland system assessment and promoting regional farmland health management.

  • Marine Geo-economy and Sustainable Use of Ocean Resources
    XIE Yong-shun, HE Ting-kun, YI Wen, PENG Xin, LIU Huan
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(11): 2741-2756. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231104

    The current research on the global flow pattern of iron ore has two bottlenecks: one is relying on coarse-grained trade statistics, and the other is lacking high-precision risk assessment methods. Based on the fine-grained coupling of AIS and trade data, this paper depicts high-resolution spatial characteristics of China's iron ore shipping import pattern. This research quantifies the risk of sea lanes by combining multi-source heterogeneous data with spatial multi-criteria analysis. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The import pattern of China's iron ore shipping is concentrated at both the loading and the discharge stages. Australia and Brazil are primary and secondary duopoly suppliers, supplying more than 82.3% of China's iron ore, and most of them flow to China's Bohai-Rim port clusters. (2) This paper depicts a risk coefficient (RC) map of China's maritime shipping import by analyzing nine indicators and three dimensions (hazard level, vulnerability level, and mitigation capability). The paper also portrays a risk level (RL) map of China's iron ore shipping import, by combining the exposure levels of iron ore imports. The two maps clearly demonstrate that the risk of China's iron ore shipping shows significant spatial differentiation. The dominant factors are diverse, which suggests that the judgment of risk level should comprehensively consider the exposure level of shipping materials and other external factors. (3) In this paper, the import shipping lanes were divided based on a high-resolution import pattern. Therefore, correcting existing cognitive misjudgments and balancing the accuracy of scientific research with the intuitiveness of decision-making through risk level mapping at the lane level. Our research has shown that, the Strait of Sunda, and the Strait of Lombok-the Strait of Makassar Strait are the riskiest shipping lanes in the first tier, the Mediterranean-the Red Sea is the riskiest shipping lanes in the second tier, and the Black Sea is the riskiest shipping lanes in the third tier. The high-resolution spatial identification method built in this paper can solve the current inaccuracy of identifying global material flow status and improve the technology of quantitative risk assessment for key shipping lanes. This method is not only applicable to iron ore shipping, but also to the fine-grained analysis and risk assessment of other important material shipping patterns.

  • Marine Geo-economy and Sustainable Use of Ocean Resources
    PENG Fei, WANG Hao-ran, LIU Chun-tao
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(11): 2704-2721. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231102

    With the continuous improvement of human production innovation, the ontological cognition of ocean as a resource has gradually expanded from 'territorial' ocean to the field of high seas. The sustainable development of marine resources in the high seas is facing multiple threats. The delineation of protected areas on the high seas has become an important issue of global marine governance. From the perspective of human-ocean relationship, this paper studies the geo-setting system of high seas protected areas under the BBNJ, and puts forward the analytical thoughts and methods of high seas protected areas with geographical characteristics that China needs at present. First of all, this study deconstructs the human-ocean relationship in the high seas protected areas into the bottom layer and the operation layer. It reveals the human domain behavior of repair, maintenance and potential competition in the bottom layer, as well as the attributes of public, volumetric and dynamic ocean ontology. We simulate the human-ocean interaction process in the high seas protected areas in the operation layer, deconstruct the three links in the interaction process: foundation and support of human-ocean interaction, core of human-ocean interaction, premise and reflection of human-ocean interaction, and cover four subsystems: natural system, artificial system, relational system, and conceptual system. This leads to the marine geo-setting system of the high-seas protected areas, which is the core of human-ocean interaction. Secondly, this paper analyzes the marine geo-setting system of the high seas protected areas. According to the multiple interactions between human territorialization behavior and marine ontological attributes of the high seas protected areas, the paper summarizes the characteristics of the marine geo-setting system of the high seas protected areas into four aspects: subject diversity, spatial limitation, complex sensitivity and pattern variability and proposes that the marine environment is the supporting force; rules and institutions are the driving force; marine geo-relationships and geo-structure are the powering force; marine technology is the guarantee capability of evolution mechanism. Finally, according to the contents discussed in this study, combined with the current situation and the actual needs of China's participation in global marine governance, the policy suggestions for China's involvement in the demarcation of high seas protected areas are put forward.

  • Research on China's Tourism Resources in the New Era
    SUN Jiao-jiao
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(2): 245-258. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240201

    High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a socialist modernized country. The traditional research paradigm of tourism resources, which mainly focuses on the spatial inventory of existing resources and the economy, cannot meet the development of the tourism industry and national strategic needs in the New Era. It is urgent to clarify the new attributes, frameworks, and directions of tourism resources. Based on this, this study starts from the overall research pattern at home and abroad, analyzes the knowledge graph of tourism resource research based on CiteSpace 6.2.2, compares its research status and trend characteristics, and reveals theoretical needs. Furthermore, based on China's practices and trends, this research explores the model for the transformation of new attributes and categories of tourism resources. With the goal of high-quality development, starting from the new attributes of tourism resources, based on humanistic concepts, driven by technology and culture, and led by innovation and creativity, it explains the new changes in the expansion and research scope of tourism resources. It proposes a research framework for tourism resource innovation guided by high-quality development from the core layer, development layer, system layer (point, line to plane), explaining the innovation of tourism resource connotation, the innovation of tourism resource full chain concept, and the innovation of the "five in one" (it refers to the comprehensive development of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, and ecological civilization construction) domain structure. It proposes a research matrix for the intersection and integration of "five in one" and "three levels" of tourism resources, and proposes research directions for the high-quality development of tourism resources from the micro, medium, and macro levels of the five dimensions of economy, politics, culture, society, and ecology. The research aims to promote tourism resource research to undertake the mission of the times, serve national strategies, and use resource research as a lever to promote high-quality development in the New Era.

  • Ecological Products Value Realization in Natural Resources: Theory and Practice
    SHENG Rong
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(12): 2966-2985. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231203

    Improving the supply efficiency of ecological products is of great value for its stable, sustainable provision and the public ecological welfare. This paper calculates the supply value of ecological products through dynamically adjusted per unit area value equivalent method, and the supply efficiency through the super efficiency SBM model and Malmquist index. The it explores the influencing factors of efficiency improvement from perspectives of technology and institution. The results show that technological innovation and financial subsidy only obviously improves the pure technical efficiency change (PEC). But the financial subsidy negatively influences the scale efficiency change (SEC). The ecological products consumption willingness obviously improves the efficiency change (MI) and pure technical efficiency change (PEC). The rural back-feeding value improves the scale efficiency change (SEC). The positive influence on SEC from rural back-feeding provides a make-up for the absence of stimulus for SEC from technological innovation and financial subsidy, forming an institutional integration advantage for efficiency improvement. It is to strengthen ecological consumption willingness and rural back-feeding institutions. The informal institutional construction such as ecological consumption and rural back-feeding value is supposed to be a long-lasting mechanism. Based on the urban-rural co-development, the market-centered production element circulation and profiting mechanism should be built in the ecological product input-output process. The ecological production supply efficiency is supposed to be comprehensively improved.

  • Ecological Products Value Realization in Natural Resources: Theory and Practice
    YOU He-yuan, ZHANG Jin-rong, XIA Shu-yi
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(12): 2950-2965. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231202

    Land use optimization in comprehensive land consolidation can meet the different demands for land under different objectives and alleviate potential land use conflicts. The national pilot project of comprehensive land consolidation in Danzhou city in Hainan province is selected as a case in this study. This paper sets two scenarios for comprehensive land consolidation including ecological value priority and realization potential of ecological product value priority under the trade-off between the increasing ecological value and realization potential of ecological product value. And the land use optimization is based on the third national land resource survey of the pilot project. Then the multi-objective programming model and GeoSOS-FLUS model are employed to optimize the land use structure and land use layout under two scenarios in comprehensive land consolidation. The results show that: (1) Compared to the land use status in 2019, the areas of mangrove forest and paddy field significantly increase under the ecological value priority scenario in the pilot project zone. The overall landscape exhibits a high level of polymerization, while evenness and fragmentation levels are relatively high. (2) Compared to the ecological value priority scenario, the areas of mangrove forest and paddy field decrease under the realization potential of the ecological product value priority scenario in the pilot project zone. And the areas of commercial and service land significantly increase. The level of landscape fragmentation of the overall landscape increases as well. (3) There are similarities and differences between the land use layout under the two scenarios and the construction project layout of comprehensive land consolidation in the Implementation Plan for the National Pilot Project of Comprehensive Land Consolidation in the Starting Zone of Danzhou City. Therefore, the areas and spatial layout of different types of land for increasing ecological value and realizing the potential of ecological product value should be considered overall in the comprehensive land consolidation. Meanwhile, we should pay attention to the effects of land use optimization on the landscape.

  • Marine Geo-economy and Sustainable Use of Ocean Resources
    MA Teng, LI Yi-jie, DU De-bin, HU Zhi-ding
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(11): 2722-2740. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231103

    The analysis of geo-economic relations from an industrial scale provides valuable insights into comprehending the formation of the prevailing international industrial division of labor pattern and the distribution of interests among nations. Therefore, it becomes imperative to introduce a more microscopic industrial scale into geo-economic analysis to gain a deeper understanding of these dynamics. Taking the nations surrounding the South China Sea as the research object, using national trade data, based on the geo-economic tightness model and the industrial structure similarity coefficient model, this paper calculates the geo-economic connection tightness and industrial coopetition relationship on the national and industrial scales of the nations surrounding the South China Sea from 2003 to 2021, and uses the fixed-effect model to analyze the potential influencing factors. The results reveal several significant findings. Firstly, the overall geo-economic tightness among the nations surrounding the South China Sea exhibits an upward trend, accompanied by a gradual shift in the core area from the southern to the northern region. Within the context of the industrial scale, the tightness of geo-economic relations displays an overall growth trajectory; however, notable variations in growth rates are observed across different industries. Notably, the machinery and transport equipment industry experiences a substantially higher growth rate compared to other sectors. Moreover, the geo-economic tightness within the marine industry presents a three-core pattern, characterized by opposing dynamics between the northern, southern, and eastern regions. Secondly, the industrial competition and cooperation relationship between nations surrounding the South China Sea demonstrates a multipolar development trend, with significant disparities observed among nations. The coopetition relationships across various industries exhibit relative stability on the whole, lacking any evident trend towards competition or cooperation. Nevertheless, there exists an upward trend in the disparities among industries. Furthermore, the coopetition relationship within the marine industry displays notable variations among nations, with the overall level remaining relatively high; however, the scope for geo-economic cooperation remains limited. Finally, this paper emphasizes the influence of spatial factors, natural endowment factors, institutional factors, and cultural factors on geo-economic tightness and industrial coopetition relationships across different scales and industries. It is important to note that these factors exhibit distinct variations and exert varying degrees of impact in different contexts.

  • Regular Articles
    LIU Hai-long, WANG Gai-yan, ZHANG Peng-hang, WANG Zheng-lei, ZHANG Li-ping
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(3): 640-667. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240309

    This paper constructs a "Size-Density-Morphology" basin ecological resilience evaluation system, using the coupled coordination model to estimate and analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of coupled coordination between new urbanization and ecological resilience in counties of the Fenhe River Basin from 2000 to 2021, and the spatial autocorrelation model is used to reveal the spatial clustering characteristics of coupled coordination. The coordination influence index is introduced to characterize the effect and the degree of role of each subsystem on the overall coupling coordination degree. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2021, the level of new urbanization in counties of the Fenhe River Basin had been improved slowly, the "core-edge" spatial pattern was significant, and the comprehensive index of ecological resilience had been decreasing continuously. The high-value areas in the spatial pattern are distributed in an "S" shape, and the low-value areas are concentrated in the central valley. (2) The coupling coordination degree is characterized by a downward trend from "mild coordination" to "mild imbalance". Affected by the location advantages and ecological endowment factors, the spatial distribution of the coupling coordination degree showed a "ring" distribution pattern of increasing from the core to the edge, and the spatial agglomeration trend is significant. (3) In the new urbanization, the population, space, society and green subsystems have a reverse blocking effect on the integrated coupling coordination degree, while the influence of economic urbanization on the comprehensive coupling coordination is first blocked and then promoted, and the ecological resilience subsystem has a reverse blocking effect on the integrated coupling coordination degree, with the scale and density toughness blocking increased and the morphological toughness blocking degree weakened. (4) The "Matthew effect" of the unbalanced development of new urbanization level is more obvious, and the external supply of energy in resource-based counties forces the density toughness to drop significantly. The ecological resilience is restricted by ecological resources, and the spatial evolution is path-dependent. The Fenhe River Basin has both the universal characteristics of urbanization, which has negative effects on the ecology, and the particularity of slow industrial transformation in resource-developing counties, and the significant lag of ecological construction compared with urbanization.

  • Interview with Experts on New Quality Productive Forces
    JIN Xiao-bin, SHEN Lei, HUANG Xian-jin, DENG Xiang-zheng, HU Shou-geng, KE Xin-li, WU Zhi-feng, ZHAO Duo-ping, LIU Jing
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(9): 2011-2028. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240901

    China's social economy has shifted from the stage of high-speed growth to the stage of high-quality development. Promoting high-quality management of natural resources has become a major issue related to the overall development of the country. Accelerating the construction and cultivation of new quality productive forces (NQP) and enabling high-quality management of natural resources is of great practical significance to promoting Chinese-style modernization. Regarding the logic and path of NQP enabling high-quality management of natural resources, relevant scholars from different disciplines were invited to present their views on the following topics: (1) The logical relationship between NQP and natural resource management;(2) the positioning and function of NQP in natural resource management; (3) the inspiration and requirements of NQP for natural resource management; (4) the key areas of NQP promoting high-quality management of natural resources; the path of (5) NQP to cope with climate change and implement the dual-carbon strategy; (6) NQP to empower the modernization of territorial spatial governance; (7) NQP to reshape the new form of coordinated urban-rural development;and (8) NQP to ensure food security and promote the construction of an agricultural power, etc. This work aims to explore the specific application of NQP in natural resource management, with a view to providing scientific reference for promoting high-quality management of natural resources and helping the Chinese-style modernization. Overall, special attention should be paid to the following key issues in empowering high-quality natural resource management with NQP: (1) break the barriers of natural resources management and mechanism innovation oriented to the coordination of the whole area, the whole factor, the whole process and the multi-department; (2) key areas and paths for cultivating NQP for comprehensively ensuring the security of natural resources and strengthening the stability of supply of key resources; (3) construction and practice innovation of digital intelligence NQP cultivation system for efficient use and accurate management of natural resources.

  • XU Zhang-xing, QIU Xiao-nan, TIAN Gui-liang, LI Yi-wen
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(5): 1222-1240. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240515

    Based on the panel data of 31 provincial-level regions in China from 2004 to 2021, this paper constructs a Time-varying DID model from dual perspectives of scale and structure to examine the impact of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (hereafter the Project) on agricultural water use in the water-receiving areas. The results show that: (1) The water supply of the project has reduced the scale and proportion of agricultural water use in the receiving areas, and the mechanism analysis of the result is the reduction of the planting area and proportion of economic crops, and the increase of the proportion of grain crops. (2) Compared with the eastern route, the negative impact of the Project on the agricultural water use in the receiving areas is more serious in the middle route areas. (3) There is an effect of "indirect return of agricultural water through water supply" of the Project, but at this stage it is neglected by the direct impact of the Project on agricultural water use in the water-receiving areas. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly understand the impact of the Project on the agricultural water use of the water-receiving areas from a strategic perspective, to strengthen the support of agricultural water use to ensure national food security, and to promote the high-quality development of follow-up projects of the Project.

  • Regular Articles
    LIU Ping-kuo, GUI Jun-qing
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(12): 3003-3023. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231205

    If the technology spillover in the carbon neutrality is ignored, the energy rebound effect will be measured in a seriously biased way, which is misleading the policy design and institutional arrangement for the energy transition & energy security. Hence at the regional level, there are two key issues need to be addressed: Will the energy transformation driven by carbon neutrality exacerbate the effect of such an "energy rebound"? How to correctly identify this "energy rebound" and scientifically analyze the externalities of technological innovation in the carbon neutrality process based on regional "technology spillovers"? Based on the logical structure and normative analysis on studying the relationship between energy rebound and technology spillover in terms of carbon neutrality, tentatively the production function is now being well reconstructed and optimized from multiple perspectives which include the production factors, the efficiency internalization, as well as the institutional performance. In our improved production function, the energy efficiency is internalized as an important factor, and the comprehensive performance (as the dependent variable) is composed of both the expected output and the unexpected output. The improved calculation model is explored for measuring the energy rebound, whilst the impact factor assessment model is built too. Then a dynamic comparative analysis of the energy rebound trend for both China and its eight comprehensive economic regions is conducted by using the panel data from 2007 to 2022. The results show that: (1) In the specific context of carbon neutrality, the regional short- and long-term energy rebound considering the technology spillovers is proven as a "Backfire Effect" rather than a "Full Rebound Effect" or a "Partial Rebound Effect". (2) The energy-saving and consumption-reducing effects of the technological innovations oriented by carbon neutrality are partially or fully offset by the energy demand growth at the regional level, and the sensitivity of energy rebound to technological spillovers varies significantly across regions, increasing the pressure on the local energy security and energy transformation. (3) Compared to the positive influences, those negative influences, such as industrial structure, decarbonization, carbon performance pressure and/or labor force base, are the effective tools to reduce the long-term energy consumption pressure on the energy transition & energy security oriented by carbon neutrality, and the environmental governance can partly release the transformation pressure on the energy consumption side. Thus, policy recommendations are proposed.

  • Regular Articles
    WAN Xin, DING Xin-yu, ZHANG Tian-tian, LI Ling-zhi
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(11): 2919-2932. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231115

    Leveraging public opinion big data to explore diverse social impacts of rainstorm and flood disasters provides a new research perspective to the management of urban water disaster emergencies. A social impact analysis framework of rainstorm disaster was established, upon which the microblog data related to critical infrastructure in the case of "Zhengzhou Rainstorm" were collected and analyzed by using lexicon-based sentiment analysis and random forest machine learning model. Thus, the evolution characteristics of fine-grained sentiments and multiple response behaviors of people and facilities were examined throughout the disaster from sentimental and behavioral dimensions. Correspondingly, the recommendations for flood control policy-making were put forward. The results show that sadness and anger were leading negative emotions before the disaster, while fear dominated during the disaster. Hence, the timely disclosure of disaster situation focus information can provide positive guidance for high arousal negative emotions. Meanwhile, the dissemination of disaster prevention knowledge is essential to enhance the public's capacity for disaster response. Public perception towards infrastructure disruption is reflected in the cascading failure relationships between diverse facilities, highlighting the criticality of water supply facilities and their sensitivity to transportation services. A key step in addressing this concern is to improve the modification of waterlogging hotspots in urban areas and the coordinated design of transportation and drainage facilities in newly-developed regions. It was also found that the restorations of facilities, such as transportation, were perceivable by the public both before and after the disaster; however there existed a time lag during the disaster. Therefore, pre-disaster joint protection of critical facilities should be reinforced to prevent waterlogging and disruption on key road sections. Moreover, the evident inadequate pre-disaster aid preparation of governments resulted in considerable negative public behaviors during this phase. Consequently, the linkage mechanism between meteorological warning and emergency response must be strengthened, while the decision-making and disposal capacity of grassroots-level governments regarding significant risks needs to be improved. This study contributes to the body of literature on disaster management and infrastructure management. The findings are beneficial to enhancing the government's capacity for water disaster management and water security by providing valuable references for optimizing flood control and disaster reduction systems and policies.

  • YOU Lie, LIU Xiao-qin, CHEN Rui-shan
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(5): 1160-1173. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240511

    The systematic study of the spatio-temporal coupling relationship between construction land and population serves as a theoretical basis for optimizing and adjusting policies related to construction land and population, ultimately enhancing the efficiency of land resource utilization. Utilizing four sets of census data since 1990 and multi-temporal land use remote sensing monitoring data, this study analyzes the spatial and temporal changes and coupling relationships between construction land area and population in Shanghai's urban area and its 16 administrative districts from 1990 to 2020, based on the population-construction land change rate model. The research findings are as follows: (1) Over the past 30 years, both construction land and population in Shanghai have expanded significantly, marked by intense change intensities, and exhibiting typical sprawl characteristics. (2) The population and land use changes in all 16 districts of the city simultaneously show spatial differentiation and geographic adjacency features. (3) While the intensity of changes in the suburban and outer suburban areas first increases and then decreases, some central urban areas experience a decrease in both population and land use. The results of the study reflect a phased characteristic of "compensatory initiation, expansive development, and contraction equilibrium" in the population and land use changes in Shanghai over the past 30 years. The study introduces concepts and calculation methods such as change intensity and elasticity for the first time, and incorporates geographic information to enhance result visualization. The research conclusions provide an evaluation method and value orientation for the relationship between people and land in mega-cities, offering reference for relevant policy formulation and planning.

  • JIANG Wei-guo, WANG Xiao-ya, LI Zhuo, LING Zi-yan, DENG Ya-wen
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(6): 1241-1261. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240601

    Urban wetlands are an important part of the urban system and have very important ecological and social functions. Wetland city is an honorary initiative implemented by the Ramsar Convention to commend cities for their achievements in protecting wetlands. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the key to solving global problems. It is leading and guiding wetland protection and urban development. This study connects the wetland cities with the United Nations Sustainable Development Strategy and attempts to explore new paths for synergy between urban development and wetland protection. (1) It sorted out the development history and certification process of wetland cities comprehensively, and summarized the experience of 13 wetland cities of China. (2) It introduced the three stages of sustainable development, and summarized international initiatives related to wetlands and cities based on Sustainable Development Goals. (3) The future trend should aim to promote the exploration of sustainable development paradigms of wetland cities towards "international convention organization-creation effectiveness monitoring-development indicator evaluation", and to enrich high-quality development practices of wetland cities towards "national strategic needs and local urban construction". This study provides technical support for intelligent decision-making services of urban wetlands focusing on "urban wetland remote sensing monitoring-urban wetland simulation prediction-urban wetland comprehensive assessment and services".

  • Regular Articles
    TAN Shu-hao, WANG Shuo, YE Zhuo-hui, ZHU Yong-mei, NI Kun-xiao
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2023, 38(11): 2841-2855. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20231110

    Food security is the foundation of China. This paper uses the panel data of the national rural fixed observation points from 2017 to 2019, with the fixed effect model to analyze the impact of land transfer on the "non-grain" crop production. The study found that: (1) On the whole, land transfer did lead to the "non-grain" of agricultural land. (2) Land transfer has a differentiated impact on farmers with different farmland scales. Instead of promoting non-grain crops, land transferred to farm households with a farmland scale of less than 10 mu tend to promote grain crops; land transfer does not show significance on the crop production decisions of households with land operating scale between 10-20 mu; while land transferred to households with scale above 20 mu are more inclined to planting "non-grain" crops. Accordingly, this paper suggests that: (1) In order to save the cost of supervision and management, the government can focus on the supervision of medium-sized and above entities, so as to improve the efficiency of the supervision of "non-grain" of agricultural land. (2) For small-scale farmers, the government does not need to intervene too much at present, but should improve the land transfer market and reduce the transaction cost of land transfer subjects by solving the problems of opaque information, high information acquisition cost and high rent in land transfer.

  • Interview with Experts
    CHENG Ye-qing, HU Shou-geng, YANG Ren, TAO Wei, LI Hong-bo, LI Bo-hua, LIU Pei-lin, Wei Feng-qun, GUO Wen, TANG Cheng-cai, GU Kang-kang, TANG Xue-qiong
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2024, 39(8): 1735-1759. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20240801

    The protection and utilization of traditional villages is not only a major practical issue to realize China's rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization, but also a hot topic in the integration and cross-research of geography, sociology, planning, economics and other disciplines. In order to systematically explore the theoretical cognition, practical problems, system mechanism, practical experience and effective path of the protection and utilization of traditional villages in China, 11 experts in the research field of traditional villages were invited to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on the classification of Chinese traditional villages from three perspectives: policy change and typical model, macro mechanism and core theme, theoretical cognition and practical path, and focuses on specific practices such as industrial integration, landscape protection, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and locality, based on the theoretical understanding of the macro system and mechanism for the protection and utilization of Chinese traditional villages. Advanced theoretical and practical issues such as industrial integration, landscape protection, organic renewal, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and locality were discussed in depth. According to the main views of the experts, the protection and utilization of China's traditional villages in the new era should focus on: (1) The main problems of protection and utilization of Chinese traditional villages facing the impact of rapid urbanization and modernization, the innovation of mechanism and system, and the realization path. In view of the conflict between modern civilization and agricultural civilization faced by traditional Chinese villages and the major strategic needs for national rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization, the combination of "top-down" and "bottom-up" is adopted to build a diversified integration mechanism featuring multi-subject participation, organic integration of agriculture, culture and tourism, and overall coordination. By exploring the endogenous growth factors of traditional villages and the historical inheritance and cultural context of traditional villages, strengthening the leadership of rural grassroots party building, giving play to the role of villagers as the main body, reshaping the public cultural space system of traditional villages and all-round digital twin modeling, etc., we will create a living environment that is in line with modernization development and ecological civilization construction and jointly build a cultural map, to realize the transformation of traditional Chinese villages from "vegetable gardens" and "back gardens" to "spiritual homes". (2) Core themes and specific spatial practices of protection and utilization of traditional Chinese villages for rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization. Focus on the core themes of traditional village classification, industrial integration, organic renewal, landscape protection, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and local reconstruction, and strengthen the classification and classification of traditional villages based on the coupling of key factors such as "livelihood, water, food, energy and land"; focus on the significance, connotation and influence mechanism of the time dimension, space dimension and attribute dimension of traditional village industrial transformation; focus on the three tasks of "protection and development countermeasures, measures to improve people's livelihood, and strategies to activate utilization" to promote the organic renewal of traditional settlements; emphasis should be placed on the gene protection and inner spiritual value mining of traditional human settlement cultural landscape, the "living" protection and utilization of traditional living space and the "activation" of traditional cultural heritage; focus on the diversification of traditional village activities, "co-construction, co-governance and sharing" and the construction of beautiful villages; the importance of natural non-human elements and human beings as spatial order construction and place construction of traditional villages and their active practice are emphasized to promote the realization of multi-functionality and multi-value of traditional villages. Pay attention to the excavation of traditional cultural heritage and intensive and efficient material space, create a harmonious and comfortable social space and protect and inherit traditional culture space; focusing on rural elements such as "ecology, culture, subject, and industry", strengthening ecological background, inheriting and developing local culture, balancing capital advantages and local embeddedness among local and cross-local subjects, so as to realize local reconstruction and characteristic remodeling of traditional Chinese villages.