Practical exploration and theoretical framework of sustainable urban regeneration in urban China
LIU Ya-fei, CUI Can, WAN Yong
JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1) : 39-57.
Practical exploration and theoretical framework of sustainable urban regeneration in urban China
With China's urban development entering an era of ''stock-based growth'', urban regeneration has risen to a strategic level of constructing a new national development pattern and promoting high-quality urban development. The practice of urban regeneration has gradually shifted from focusing mainly on the reconstruction and transformation of the physical environment to a sustainable urban regeneration model that considers economic, social, and environmental goals. However, there is still a lack of a systematic and comprehensive theoretical framework for sustainable urban regeneration to guide research and practice. Therefore, this paper attempts to use the Theory of the Production of Space as the foundation, combined with an analysis of urban regeneration practices in China over recent decades, to construct a systematic and comprehensive theoretical framework for sustainable urban regeneration in Chinese context from the perspective of spatial reproduction. This theoretical framework includes five core elements: sustainable regeneration goals, government, market, society, and spatial reproduction. It summarizes the composition, power, capital, and interests of the three categories of stakeholders (government, market, and society) and their different focuses and modes of competition within the reproduction operation mechanism. The paper suggests that a sustainable urban regeneration model should emphasize both comprehensive value and benefits in spatial reproduction and equitable distribution, as well as consider sustainable pathways for spatial reproduction under the constraints of limited regeneration capital.
sustainable urban regeneration / practical exploration / theoretical framework / spatial reproduction / comprehensive value and benefits {{custom_keyword}} /
Table 1 Urban regeneration characteristics in Western and Chinese cities since the 20th century表1 中西方城市20世纪以来的城市更新特征 |
地域 | 阶段划分 | 经济社会背景 | 更新目标 | 更新主体 | 更新内容 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
西方 | 阶段一:1930—1959年![]() | 工业革命和战争后城市物质环境衰败 | 提高城市环境品质和居住质量 | 政府主导 | 大规模推倒贫民窟并重建住宅 |
阶段二:1960—1969年![]() | 城市面临社会民主民权运动、大规模骚乱等社会危机 | 改善社区居住质量和社会服务质量、解决社会问题 | 公众参与 | 邻里修复式更新 | |
阶段三:1970年至今![]() | 经济危机使得政府主导、公共财政支撑的城市更新模式难以为继 | 促进投资与消费、增加地方税收、改善环境品质、提升城市品牌形象等 | 政府和市场的城市增长联盟及多方合作等 | 城市中心区的 空间再开发等 | |
中国 | 阶段一:1949—1977年![]() | 中华人民共和国成立初期,经历战争的城市已日益破败,财政十分紧缺 | 改善城市基础环境、改善居住生活条件 | 政府主导 | 旧城的充分利用、维修养护、改建扩建等 |
阶段二:1978—1989年![]() | 1978年改革开放初期,计划经济向市场经济转型,城市住房与设施面临不足 | 解决住房紧缺、基础设施不足等问题 | 政府主导 | 大规模的旧城 改造 | |
阶段三:1990—2011年![]() | 快速的市场化、全球化、工业化和城镇化,土地和住房市场逐步建立 | 推动城市经济快速增长、促进产业结构调整、提升城市品牌形象等 | 政府和市场的城市增长联盟 | 大规模的旧城 旧区再开发 | |
阶段四:2012—2019年 ![]() | 经济发展由高速度向高质量转型,城市发展由大规模增量建设转向高质量建设和存量更新 | 经济效益、社会公平、幸福宜居、生态绿色等 | 政府、市场和社会合作 | 生态修复与城市修补,旧工业区、棚户区和老旧小区改造,社区微更新等 | |
阶段五:2020年至今![]() | 全球新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情,经济增速减缓,房地产下行,地方财政吃紧,更新资金不足 | 关注城市更新的综合效益,并强调财政及更新推进的可持续 | 政府、市场和社会合作 | 区域更新与零星更新,十五分钟生活圈行动,小区自主更新等 |
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At present, the urban renewal action of Wuhan has changed from large-scale demolition and construction to the era of "retaining, replacing and dismantling". The transformation mode has also changed from local transformation to continuous renewal. In the current era, it is particularly important to identify urban "retained, replaced and demolished" units intelligently. Recently, the combination of AI and remote sensing has been widely used for the identification of typical surface features of natural resources, cultivated land protection, and law enforcement supervision. In this paper, we combine AI and remote sensing to identify "retention, reconstruction and demolition" units. First, we establish training samples of the "retention, replacement and demolition" unit, then use the deep learning network to establish the artificial intelligent model, and finally select the remote sensing data to carry out the identification of "retention, replacement and demolition" unit in Wuhan. The integration of remote sensing and deep learning improves work efficiency of the identification of "retaining, replacing and dismantling" units, and provides scientific basis for solving the pain points in urban renewal. {{custom_citation.content}}
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中产阶层化是城市居住空间分异研究的前沿领域,而“租差”是解读中产阶层化现象的核心概念。通过对Smith“租差”模型的借鉴与修正,提出中国政治经济制度转轨背景下,“租差”是由土地公有和房屋贬值产生的“实际租差”和房地产持续快速增值产生的“预期租差”两部分组成。在此基础上,以南京内城和典型中产阶层化区域为例,利用2001-2011年间房屋拆迁及补偿、土地出让与利用方式转变、住宅价格变动等数据,通过刻画城市更新运动中“租差”扩大与资本化实现、物质空间环境改善、邻里社会结构跃升和阶层置换过程,分析南京内城中产阶层化现象和“租差”的核心驱动作用。最后在揭示中产阶层化作为深度城市化手段和空间再生产策略的同时,批评其对城市传统文化的“创造性破坏”,以及“租差”收益再分配中对被拆迁贫困群体的多重剥夺问题。
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Gentrification is a frontier field of urban residential differentiation, while the rent gap is a core concept to interpret the phenomenon of gentrification. Through reference, analysis and correction to the rent gap model proposed by Smith, this paper puts forward a classical rent gap theory model different from the Western premises of complete marketization and private ownership of land. In China, rent gap consists of two parts, i.e. "actual rent gap" generated by the public ownership of land and the housing depreciation, and "rent jump" generated by the continuous rapid appreciation of real estate. Both are generated under the background of the political and economic system transition, including the decentralization of the central government, the enterprisation of local government, the marketization of land and housing. Based on this, the paper takes the inner city of Nanjing and "Liji Lane Plot", a typical gentrification area, as an example, and makes use of data such as the housing demolition and compensation, changes in the modes of land transfer and land use, housing price change and other data, in order to analyze and validate the gentrification phenomenon of inner city of Nanjing and the driving effects of the rent gap by describing rent gap practices, environmental improvements and gentrification replacement processes in the demolition and reconstruction of urban areas. The empirical study indicates that: (1) driven by the rent gap interest and dominated by the urban growth coalition, over 150 plots in the inner city of Nanjing have realized high-end reconfiguration in terms of built environment and social class structure by "demolishing the old and building the new"; (2) in the principle of the maximum rent gap, some areas have become hot spots of gentrification, including the areas of Confucius Temple in the south of the city, Xiaguan in the north of the city, Xinjiekou in the central city, and areas along main roads and on both sides of the Qinhuai River, due to sufficient profit margin between land redevelopment cost and expected return; (3) in the screening mechanism of the price of reconstructed commodity housing, over 18,700 needy families unable to move back have been passively moved from the inner city to the urban fringe, and the renewed location in the inner city are occupied by the emerging middle class. When we affirm the gentrification as a means of deep urbanization and a strategy for reproduction of space, gentrification should also be criticized for its damage to the traditional culture of the city and multiple deprivation of the original needy residents in the redistribution of rent gap income. {{custom_citation.content}}
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付迎春, 郭碧云, 王敏, 等. 社会—生态系统适应性治理视角下绿地空间恢复力的演化: 广州旧城区更新案例. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(8): 2118-2136.
旧城区绿地作为关键的社会—生态系统载体,是城市高质量发展与转型治理亟需关注的问题。构建广州旧城区绿地服务基本单元,引入适应性循环理论的潜力—连通度—恢复力三维框架,构建表征生态、社会与经济服务的绿地景观指标体系,综合评估2000—2018年广州旧城区绿地的空间恢复力水平及适应性转化特征。研究结果显示:旧城区绿地的恢复力演化具有明显的核心区与外围区的时空分异,在拆除重建阶段呈现快速开发—快速释放—重组的转化,在微更新阶段主要呈现开发—保护的提升,并具有提升型、稳定型和更替型的社会—生态系统服务适应性。由此说明,城市更新具有调节社会—生态系统服务治理的效果。其中,绿地形状指数、5 min可达绿地率以及土地利用混合度对核心区绿地恢复力具有显著的促进作用,为外围区治理提供参考。同时,进一步探讨了更新政策与城市绿地空间恢复力演化的关系,为促进旧城区绿地空间更新治理提供社会—生态系统适应性的理论与实证案例研究。
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张帆, 葛岩. 治理视角下城市更新相关主体的角色转变探讨: 以上海为例. 上海城市规划, 2019, (5): 57-61.
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彭恺. 新马克思主义视角下我国治理型城市更新模式: 空间利益主体角色及合作伙伴关系重构. 规划师, 2018, 34(6): 5-11.
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