
A theoretical construction of the generation of traditional village resource value: Based on the framework of "technology-institution-subject"
SUN Jiu-xia, ZHOU Ming, WANG Yu-ning
JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8) : 1924-1939.
A theoretical construction of the generation of traditional village resource value: Based on the framework of "technology-institution-subject"
Chinese rural society has strong vitality and development resilience, which constitutes an important source of power for the stable development of Chinese society, and is also the focus of Chinese cultural self-confidence and construction of cultural power. However, the interpretation of traditional village resource value from the traditional dual perspective of "structure-active system" can no longer meet the demand of resource production and consumption under the rapid iteration of technology, and the resource value of traditional villages should be re-recognized through a new perspective. The new perspective needs to effectively identify the dynamic impact of technology-driven actions and rules of various subjects on traditional villages, so as to construct the value generation logic in the new scenario of traditional village resources. Based on this, this paper puts forward the "technology-institution-subject" theoretical framework of traditional village resource value generation, aiming to answer the question how traditional village resources achieve new resource shaping and value innovation. Through a large number of traditional village field surveys conducted over a long period of time, this paper selects Cuandixia village, Jidi village, Xiarong village, Cangdong village, Puji village and Mingyue village as typical type cases. Through a long period of traditional village field surveys, this paper interprets the mechanism of linking and reengineering of technologies, integration and enabling of institutions, endogeneity and renewal of subjects, and the interaction, mutual construction and transformation between the three dimensions. The research finds that traditional village resources are a system based on the resource ontology (system), integrating the internal and external functions of the village, and the proposal of the theoretical framework of "technology-institution-subject" will effectively respond to the realistic contradictions and development needs of the protection and utilization of traditional village resources. In the New Era, traditional villages have a new development mission and role. When traditional villages move towards "rural revitalization", they should continue to take into account the comprehensive and systematic development perspective, make full use of the potential energy of technology to the countryside, leverage the efficiency of the new village traditional system, the new system, and the internal and external entities, and break the linear and rigid development path with the three dimensions of technology, system and subject as the driving force.
traditional villages / edge state / digital technology / "technology-institution-subject" / resource value generation {{custom_keyword}} /
Table 1 Introduction to the study cases表1 案例地概况 |
村落 | 调研 过程 | 典型性 | 案例地照片 | 村 落 | 调研 过程 | 典型性 | 案例地照片 |
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爨底下 | 二手 资料 | 数字技术保护传统村落的典型:应用数字化技术保护古建筑,实现对传统村落影像、地理信息数据与场景的数字化档案管理功能 | ![]() (图片来源:中国传统 村落数字博物馆) | 仓东 | 2021.06 调研 | 制度创新基础上实现村落发展的典型:首创“产权不变、政府代管”的“托管制度”,拓殖遗产价值,实现对遗产资源的活化与管理 | ![]() (图片来源:作者团队 自摄) |
吉迪 | 2023.07 调研 | 传统村落充分利用数字电商的典型:应用电商思维,实现松茸产业人均收入翻倍。采摘、收购、售卖、餐食全链条嵌入了直播场景 | ![]() (图片来源:作者团队 自摄) | 普济 | 2023.02 调研 | 本村主体带动村落发展的典型:在90后退伍军人小组长的带领组织下,仅花一年的时间完成风貌改造,全村参与乡村振兴集体行动 | ![]() (图片来源:作者团队 自摄) |
夏荣 | 2022.07调研 | 传统制度基础上实现村落发展的典型:组织、经济与文化基础孕育出吉塘德吉林卡这一自组织,以应对新的旅游就业经济 | ![]() (图片来源:作者团队 自摄) | 明月 | 2023.02 更新 资料 | 外来主体激发村落活力的典型:截至2023年,已引入51个乡村文创旅游项目和100余名艺术家、创客 | ![]() (图片来源:作者团队 自摄) |
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With the rapid industrialization and urbanization, traditional villages have suffered certain impacts in terms of their protection and development. Environmental impacts, the tendency to replace older buildings, informal constructions, infrastructure-related construction, and commercial developments have threatened traditional villages, causing the fracturing and fragmentation of the traditional village architectural landscapes. This scenario poses a grave threat to the protection, transmission, and effective use of these uniquely Chinese, vernacular, and cultural genes. Borrowing from the theory and method of natural ecological fragmentation research in landscape ecology, we took the cultural landscape as the research object, considering the building as a landscape patch, and constructed a measurement system for architectural landscape fragmentation in traditional villages. The results show that: 1) Architectural landscape fragmentation is the variation and damage in space or time of architectural landscape types, combinations and attributes, and there are "self-damaging fragmentation" and "heterogeneous fragmentation". 2) From the perspective of landscape diversity, the study area is rich in landscape types in all dimensions, and the relative evenness index is high, with evident or severe fragmentation. 3) From the perspective of landscape heterogeneity, the index of landscape heterogeneity in the dimensions of building quality, height, and landscape appearance in the study area is low, with light levels of landscape fragmentation caused by heterogeneous landscapes in the above dimensions. The index of landscape heterogeneity in building age is high, and landscape fragmentation caused by heterogeneous landscapes in the time dimension is also high. Generally speaking, except for architectural age, landscape fragmentation arising from heterogeneous landscapes is not conducive to the continuity and protection of traditional landscapes. 4) The degree of fragmentation of landscape types can reveal the architectural landscape characteristics of traditional villages and the regional modernization process. Light fragmentation signals the integrity and homogeneity of architectural landscape types, also reflecting the backward economic development level, while high fragmentation reflects the rapid economic development, leading to the high levels of deterioration of the integrity and homogeneity of architectural landscape types. Therefore, efforts to protect and develop traditional villages should not blindly pursue low fragmentation, otherwise their sustainable development will be restricted. The use of landscape ecology to measure the fragmentation of cultural landscape is on the one hand conducive to interdisciplinary and innovative theoretical thinking of rural cultural geography, and on the other hand provides a reference for traditional villages to construct a continuous, homogeneous, diversified and moderately fragmented architectural landscape. {{custom_citation.content}}
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在快速城市化与乡村旅游开发背景下,从“三生”空间视角探索乡村人居环境演变特征和发展机理,可在一定程度上反映出中国传统村落发展的一般规律。本文以湖南省江永县兰溪村为例,基于参与性农村调查与评估(PRA)、GIS空间分析等方法,研究了其“三生”空间演变的过程、格局与机制,结果如下:①从“三生”空间视角,分析了传统村落人居环境与“三生”空间的系统耦合特征。认为传统村落人居环境在空间上要实现生活空间宜居、生产功能协调和生态空间优美,这与“三生”空间系统目标和特征非常契合;②从“三生”空间演变特征来看,兰溪村生活空间由血缘集聚向外围扩散转换,生产空间由农业功能向旅游功能转型,生态空间由外部整体收缩向内部斑块化发展。“三生”空间演变过程是一个相互交织、相互渗透的过程,“三生”空间逐渐由传统的人居空间向新型复合空间转变;③传统村落“三生”空间格局的演变过程,是在旅游市场需求、政府政策引导、空间行为转变和自组织反应力的内外双重驱动作用下的结果,内力驱动主要集中在农户生活空间结构特征上的延续与转化,外力驱动主要体现在生产和生态空间结构的转型与更替。
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伴随着城市化的快速推进,传统村落人居环境正处于全面转型的关键阶段,前瞻性地研究传统村落人居环境转型发展的过程与机理就显得尤为重要。借助CitespaceⅤ软件分析传统村落与人居环境研究的热点领域,梳理传统村落空间形态演变与重构、社会文化变迁与传承、生态环境特征与适应以及人居环境更新与营建等方面的研究进展,并进行简要评述,在此基础上,从理论总结、多学科融合、方法创新以及模式归纳等方面提出了未来相关研究的重点领域和研究思路。未来传统村落人居环境转型发展研究应以人地关系理论为指导,加强多学科的深度融合和方法创新,以构建传统村落人居环境转型发展的理论体系与建设模式为目标,综合集成三维数字化、遥感与GIS以及数理模型等研究方法,重点研究传统村落人居环境系统的演化规律、阶段判别、类型区分、动力机制等。结合经典案例研究,比较典型模式的演化过程和人居要素相互作用机制,探索推进传统村落人居环境转型发展的地域模式和科学途径,为中国人居环境科学理论提供重要参数。
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随着跨学科研究范式与方法的发展,人文地理学开始从更加微观的日常生活视角关注“地方”文化保护问题,产生日常生活地理学这一研究方向。通过关注地方文化保护与传承中精英个体的日常实践,尝试探讨在国家治理与居民日常生活的互动交织中,微观尺度的精英个体通过怎样的日常实践来塑造和凸显其在地方文化保护与传承中的主体性。研究发现:首先,地方文化保护与传承实践中,地方精英获得“文化身份”多体现为对接自上而下的政府治理体系或者下沉到地方民众日常生活实践,从而获得底层民众对自身文化身份的“认同”的两种主要纵向路径,或者通过横向联系结合市场,通过商业实践建构地方文化传承的主体地位;其次,由于文化精英具有一定的群体代表性,精英个体间的差异性是形成地方文化多样性实践的重要原因;文化精英个体通过凝结各种要素,融合了地方性、文化性、空间性和主体性,在执行构建文化自信的各项策略中,应给与高度关注。
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传统村落是中国传统文化传承和保护的重要场域,文化景观基因作为地方文脉延续和区域特色呈现的核心载体,在社会经济发展和文化更新过程中不断得到生产。以皇都村侗族大歌为例,采取参与式观察和深度访谈的质性研究方法,通过构建“景观基因—空间生产”的分析框架开展传统村落文化景观基因生产的过程与机制研究。研究发现:(1)皇都村侗族大歌的生产可分为原型生成、结构重组和意义修复三个阶段,文化景观基因呈现出从遵循原真价值认知到满足旅游消费转型,最后顺应文化身份认同的变化过程。(2)文化景观基因生产呈现出“外壳—中介—内核”的结构机制,政府和市场在时空尺度的资本循环作为外壳推动空间表征,精英群体在日常生活中的权力行为作为中介支撑表征空间,本地村民作为村落主体承载着生产的内核实现文化原真实践的表达。(3)资本在生产中通过资源资本化、资本空间化和空间资本化,实现其三重循环;权力在精英群体作用下,通过话语表征、技能规训和身份认同完成行为逻辑的建构;村民主体通过内生行动的实践表达,从最初代际传承下的简单参与到旅游消费下的抵制抗议,最终在遗产保护号召下发挥协作作用。
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杨立国, 刘沛林. 传统村落文化传承度评价体系及实证研究: 以湖南省首批中国传统村落为例. 经济地理, 2017, 37(12): 203-210.
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李伯华, 张浩, 窦银娣, 等. 景观修复与文化塑造: 传统村落的空间生产与符号构建: 以湖南省通道县皇都侗文化村为例. 地理科学进展, 2023, 42(8): 1609-1622.
传统村落作为中华优秀传统文化的重要空间载体,在新型城镇化背景下,如何突显传统村落的中华优秀传统文化极为重要。论文以湖南省通道县皇都侗文化村为例,基于景观符号概念、景观基因理论与空间生产分析框架,通过参与观察和深度访谈等方法,探析其景观符号空间生产的过程与机理。结果表明:① 景观基因从多原则多层次识别传统村落整体文化风貌的过程,也是对传统村落景观符号归纳、提炼的过程;② 皇都侗文化村分别通过空间编码、景观修复、文化塑造,将其由农耕型传统村落转向文旅融合型传统村落,构建出满足多元主体需求的景观化、艺术化、生活化、地域化的景观符号,实现对景观符号的情感联系与互动和景观本身的符号化;③ 皇都侗文化村旅游产业发展的推动机制,将村民文化自觉、旅游市场需求与政府政策支持等内外驱动力连接至皇都侗文化村景观符号空间生产的节点中,实现现代多元生活需求功能与侗民俗文化的融合,推动皇都侗文化村景观符号的空间生产。研究以传统村落的活化与可持续发展为目标,探究传统村落景观符号空间生产的过程与机理,以期为中华优秀传统文化创造性转换和创新性发展提供科学参考与实践借鉴。
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Traditional villages is an important spatial carrier of Chinese traditional culture. It is vital for traditional villages to highlight outstanding traditional culture under new urbanization. Taking the Huangdu Dong Cultural Village as an example, this study analyzed the process and mechanism of the spatial production of landscape symbols by participatory observation and in-depth interviews based on the concept of landscape symbol, the theory of landscape gene, and the framework of spatial production analysis. The results show that: 1) Landscape genes identify the overall cultural features from multiple principles and multiple levels, and are also the process of induction and extraction of landscape symbols of traditional villages. 2) Huangdu Dong Cultural Village has transformed from a traditional farming village to a traditional village integrating culture and tourism through spatial coding, landscape restoration, and shaping of cultural, then constructed landscape symbols that meet the needs of multiple actors in terms of landscape, art, life, and location to realize the emotional connection and interaction of landscape symbols and the symbolization of landscape. 3) The promotional mechanism of tourism industrial development in Huangdu Dong Cultural Village connects the internal and external driving forces including resident cultural consciousness, tourism market demand, and government policy support to landscape symbol spatial production, then realizes the integration of modern multi-life demand functions and Dong folk culture, also promotes the spatial production of landscape symbols. Aiming for the activation and sustainable development of traditional villages, this study explored the process and mechanism of landscape symbol spatial production in order to provide scientific and practical references for the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese traditional culture. {{custom_citation.content}}
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项慧燕, 何峰, 周国华, 等. 传统村落旅游地农户可持续生计评价及实证研究: 以湖南省郴州市4个典型传统村落为例. 地理科学进展, 2023, 42(5): 884-897.
从系统性和综合性视角来分析传统村落旅游地农户可持续生计不仅可以为农户可持续生计构建和减缓贫困提供决策支撑,而且有助于理解传统村落空心化和衰落的内在原因,并为激发传统村落内生发展动力提供科学决策。论文基于英国国际发展署提出的可持续生计框架,并结合传统村落作为活态遗产的特殊属性,从脆弱性背景、生计资本、生计策略、结构与过程转变、生计结果5个方面构建了旅游开发背景下传统村落农户可持续生计评价指标体系,并对湖南省郴州市汝城县沙洲村、永兴县板梁村、苏仙区坳上村和桂阳县阳山村4个典型传统村落进行了实证研究。研究发现:① 郴州传统村落旅游地农户可持续生计总体处于中等水平,不同传统村落的农户可持续生计水平具有显著差异,其中沙洲村处于较高水平,其余3个处于中等水平;② 传统村落中参与旅游的农户可持续生计水平明显高于未参与旅游农户,参与旅游不仅有助于提升农户可持续生计水平,而且还有助于农户理解有关传统村落保护与利用的政策制度,增加农户文物保护、文化传承和环境保护意识,增强农户的文化自信;③ 自然资本和人力资本较匮乏,农户生计策略多样性不足,农户参与旅游意愿不高,政府和旅游企业旅游带动作用较弱等是阻碍郴州传统村落旅游地农户可持续生计的关键因素,应通过优化农户自然资本和人力资本质量与结构,鼓励农户积极参与旅游,加强政府和企业引领带动作用等来提升传统村落旅游地农户的可持续生计水平。
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Farming households are the main actors of traditional village protection and tourism development, and their livelihood sustainability is closely related to the sustainable development of traditional villages. In the past decade, under the influence of national policies and relevant systems concerning the protection and utilization of traditional villages, village cultural heritage protection and tourism development are gradually integrated into the original livelihood system of farmers and a complex and dynamic livelihood system has being formed. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the sustainable livelihoods of farmers in traditional village tourism areas from a systematic and comprehensive perspective. This can not only provide decision-making support for farming household sustainable livelihood construction and poverty alleviation, but also help to understand the internal reasons for the hollowing out and decline of traditional villages, and provide a scientific decision-making basis for stimulating the endogenous development power of traditional villages. Based on the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF) proposed by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and the special attributes of traditional villages as living heritages, a sustainable livelihood evaluation indicator system of traditional village farming households in the context of tourism development was constructed from five aspects: Vulnerability background, livelihood capital, livelihood strategy, structure and process transformation, and livelihood outcome, and four typical traditional villages, including Shazhou Village in Rucheng County, Banliang Village in Yongxing County, Aoshang Village in Suxian District, and Yangshan Village in Guiyang County of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, were empirically examined. The study found that: 1) The sustainable livelihood level of farming households in Chenzhou traditional village tourism areas is at a medium level, and the levels in different traditional villages are significantly different. Shazhou Village is at a relatively high level and the other three are at a medium level. 2) The sustainable livelihood level of farming households participating in tourism in traditional villages is significantly higher than those who do not participate in tourism. Participation in tourism can not only improve the sustainable livelihood level of farming households, but also help them to understand the policies and institutions related to the protection and utilization of traditional villages, increase their awareness of cultural relic protection, cultural inheritance, and environmental protection, and enhance their cultural confidence. 3) The shortage of natural and human capitals, the lack of diversity of farming household livelihood strategies, the low willingness of farmers to participate in tourism, and the weak role of the government and tourism enterprises in promoting tourism are the key factors hindering the sustainable livelihood of farming households in Chenzhou traditional village tourism areas. Therefore, the sustainable livelihood level of farming households in traditional village tourism areas should be improved by optimizing the quality and structure of household natural and human capitals, encouraging farmers to actively participate in tourism, and strengthening the leading role of the government and enterprises. {{custom_citation.content}}
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传统村落是特殊的乡村地域单元,更是实现共同富裕目标的薄弱之地,如何促进传统村落实现共同富裕成为当前亟需解决的科学问题。运用参与式观察、深度访谈及文本分析等研究方法,借鉴催化反应动力学原理与城市催化剂理论,结合旅游驱动型传统村落发展现实背景,构建了旅游驱动型传统村落共同富裕催化机制,并以湖南省板梁村为例,探究了旅游驱动型传统村落共同富裕发展路径。研究显示:(1)将旅游驱动型传统村落人居环境系统视为催化载体,构建了旅游驱动型传统村落“要素注入—载体吸附—效能释放”共同富裕催化机制。(2)载体通过吸附活性要素形成催化剂并释放环境清洁卫生与生态旅游持续、空间规划综合布局与空间联动多功能化、传统文化创造性转化与创新性发展、关系网络织补与利益权力协调等催化效能,促进板梁村达成生态持续、经济发展、文化传承、社会和谐与制度完善五维度目标,从而逐步实现共同富裕。研究充实了共同富裕的基本逻辑与发展路径,试图为中国实现全体人民共同富裕战略目标提供参考,具有一定的理论和实践意义。
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在新的时代使命下,以共同富裕目标指导乡村旅游资源开发,具有提升资源价值和推进全面乡村振兴的双重意义。按照“乡村旅游资源开发—实现农村农民的共同富裕—实现人民的物质与精神生活富裕”的递进逻辑,识别乡村旅游资源开发与共同富裕的内在联系,厘清实现共同富裕目标的现实困境与现存差距。研究发现:当前以乡土特色资源为导向的传统乡村旅游地和以高标准服务为导向的现代旅游地,都在适应市场转型的过程中积极挖掘优势资源,完善配套设施,资源的开发主体多元合作、开发方式渐趋成熟。乡村旅游在助力减贫、促进社会公平和满足精神文化需求方面的突出贡献,充分契合共同富裕的实现进程。然而,乡村旅游资源开发与共同富裕目标仍存在较大差距,不同地域与不同群体在乡村旅游资源开发的效率、水平、能力存在多重差距,以至于在推动农村农民共同富裕、满足人民群众美好生活需求上不广泛不深入不彻底。基于此,围绕“乡村旅游高质量发展、城乡融合发展、人的全面发展”三个面向,构建乡村旅游资源“有效开发、协同开发、可持续开发”的创新路径,以推动中国乡村旅游产业的高质量转型发展,助力实现共同富裕。
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作为中华文明重要载体的传统村落具有丰富多元的价值,虽然政府与学界进行了大量保护与研究工作,但其可持续发展之路仍任重道远。因此建立中国传统村落可持续发展评价体系,准确评估其可持续发展水平具有重要理论与现实意义。通过对传统村落的长期实地调研,本文提出社区和遗产两个基本属性间协调关系是传统村落可持续发展的关键。本文使用层次分析法和德尔菲法构建社区发展和遗产保护子系统指标体系,采用专家判断矩阵和德尔菲法确定子系统指标权重,并构建详细的数据收集、赋分与标准化方法。为了更好的评价中国传统村落可持续发展水平,在采用综合评价指数评估传统村落综合发展水平的基础上,进一步引入耦合协调度模型构建可持续发展类型评价体系。最后,通过测评广东省广州市、佛山市和中山市10个岭南传统村落,检验该套指标体系具有较好效度,并进一步对指标体系进行修正。该评价体系不仅可以推进传统村落、耦合度、可持续发展评估研究范式,也可以广泛指导与应用于中国传统村落保护实践。
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As important carriers of Chinese civilization, traditional villages are endowed with rich and diversified values. Although the government and academia have implemented lots of programmes on protections and researches, the sustainable development still has a long way to go. Therefore, it is of profound significance to establish an evaluation system for the sustainable development of Chinese traditional villages and to evaluate the sustainable development level of Chinese traditional villages. Through long-term field survey of traditional villages, this study proposes that understanding the two basic attributes of community and heritage is the key to cognizing the sustainable development of traditional villages. Then it uses the analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method to construct the index system of community development subsystem and heritage protection subsystem, and applies an expert judgment matrix and the Delphi method to determine the index weights of the subsystems at all levels, and constructs the systems of data collection, assignment, and standardization for each secondary index. The comprehensive evaluation index is used to evaluate the development level of traditional villages, and determine the criteria for ranking. In order to better evaluate the sustainable development level of traditional Chinese villages, a coupling coordination model is further introduced to construct an evaluation system. Finally, through the evaluation of 10 traditional Lingnan villages in Guangzhou, Foshan and Zhongshan cities of Guangdong province, the validity of the index system is verified and further revised. This index system can not only promote the research paradigm of traditional villages, coupling degree and sustainable development assessment, but also widely guide and apply to the protection practices of traditional villages in China. {{custom_citation.content}}
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以徽州地域119个国家级传统村落为研究对象,用GIS技术与方法,从时间和空间两个尺度揭示徽州传统村落的分布特征,探讨影响徽州传统村落时空分布的因素。研究发现:徽州传统村落空间上呈现集聚型分布,沿盆地、邻水及边缘化分布特征明显,表现出“边缘多核心少”的分布格局。黟县遗存的传统村落数量最多,分布密度最高,形成徽州传统村落的主要集聚区,其次是徽州区和歙县,形成徽州传统村落集聚的次级核心区。宋朝(北宋和南宋)和唐代是现存徽州传统村落形成的主要时期,这两个朝代保留下来的古村落最多,分布范围最广。从自然环境和社会经济(人口、交通、城镇化、经济、政策)等方面分析这些分布特点的影响因素。
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Traditional ancient villages are the crystallization of Chinese rural civilization. Carrying out this study is particularly important and urgent for the sustainable development and cultural heritage protection of the traditional villages in the ancient Huizhou. The study chose 119 national traditional villages of the ancient Huizhou by Ministry of housing and urban-rural development of the People’s Republic of China official which has already been released as the research object, and took the methods of literature analysis and GIS spatial analysis as the research way. And the distribution characteristics of the traditional villages in the ancient Huizhou were revealed from the temporal and spatial scales, which were mainly used by the method of the GIS technology. And the factors which affected the temporal and spatial distribution of traditional villages in the ancient Huizhou were also discussed. It is found that the spatial distribution of traditional villages in the ancient Huizhou is clustered, obviously in basin, adjacent water as well as the marginal area, and it presents the distribution pattern that the number of the traditional villages on the around is more than the middle. Specifically, Yixian county has the largest number of traditional villages and the highest distribution density, which has formed the main gathering area of the ancient Huizhou traditional villages, followed by the ancient Huizhou district and Shexian county has formed a secondary core area of ancient Huizhou traditional villages. From the time point of view, the Song Dynasty (Northern Song and Southern Song) and the Tang Dynasty are the main period of the formation of the ancient Huizhou traditional villages, these two dynasties retained the most ancient villages, and the scope distribute are also the most widely. Finally, the article focused on the natural environment, population, transportation, urbanization and economic development level and other factors, which ancient Huizhou traditional villages have showed those distribution characteristics. As well as the research has found that the basin terrain with surrounded landscape, the moved central plains immigrants with all ethnic, the road traffic with less development, the relatively backward social economy and the protection policies with local governments are all the very important conditions for the retention and renewal of the traditional Huizhou villages, and to a certain degree, it has already become the key factor for the spatial and temporal distribution that affected the traditional villages in the ancient Huizhou. And in the long run, it is helpful to study the whole distribution of the traditional villages, which can protect the traditional villages in the ancient Huizhou, and it is also helpful to explore the social, economic and cultural development in the historical period of the ancient Huizhou. {{custom_citation.content}}
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传统村落是中国传统文化遗产的重要载体。本文以2012年以来住房和城乡建设部公布的3批共2555个传统村落为研究对象,通过GIS技术与方法,分析中国传统村落的空间分布特征,探讨传统村落分布与地形、人口、经济、交通、城市格局之间的关系。研究发现:①中国传统村落空间分布的区域差异明显,并已形成四大集聚区;②不同海拔高程地区传统村落的留存保护情况有所不同,高海拔地区传统村落分布较多;③地区人口是传统村落保护和传承的基础,但并不具有明显的相关关系;④地区经济发展与传统村落的保护在理论上并不矛盾,各地应寻找保护传统村落的合适路径;⑤交通发达程度与传统村落数量之间存在一定程度的负相关关系;⑥现存的传统村落多分布在城市边缘或远离城市中心的地区。
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Chinese traditional villages built before 1980 are the carrier of farming civilization and traditional cultural heritage. Traditional villages formed during different historical periods and under specific geographical conditions reflect the economic, political, cultural, and other social aspects during their development. However, with the rapid progress of urbanization, traditional villages are disappearing. Protecting these villages is of significant importance in modern society. Based on the list of traditional villages published by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, 2555 villages were selected as the research object of this study. By using GIS technology and kernel density analysis, nearest neighbor analysis, and Anselin local Moran’s I, this article analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of Chinese traditional villages, examining the relationship between the spatial distribution of traditional villages and terrain, population, economy, traffic, and urban spatial pattern. The result shows that: (1) The spatial distribution of traditional villages clearly varies among different regions of China and four concentrated areas are found in the Hebei-Shangdong-Henan border area, Anhui-Zhejiang-Jiangxi border area, Guizhou- Guangxi-Hunan border area, and northwest Yunnan; (2) Higher altitude (over 500 m) is conducive to the preservation of traditional villages; (3) Population is the basis for the existence and continuation of traditional villages, but does not have a significant correlation; (4) The relationship between regional economic development, transportation development and traditional village preservation should be further studied. On the one hand, economic backwardness and low accessibility through transportation provide an environment conducive for the protection of traditional villages. On the other hand, the development of regional economy and transportation are not necessarily an obstacle for protecting traditional villages; (5) There is a certain degree of negative correlation between the level of traffic development and the number of traditional villages; (6) Spatially, existing traditional villages are often located far from the center of cities, or in urban fringe. {{custom_citation.content}}
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