This study starts from the perspective of stakeholders, clarifies the interactive relationship between the government, mining enterprises, and residents in mining areas, and constructs a cooperative governance mechanism for mine ecological restoration. The game relationship is analyzed through a cooperative game model. The results indicate that: (1) The existing repair models cannot meet the reasonable repair needs, and there is an urgent need to transform from a single dominant model to diversified cooperative governance. (2) Through the Shapley value benefit distribution model analysis, it was found that when the three parties actively participate in cooperation, the benefits are optimal, and the ideal distribution ratio is one-third each, which can promote positive interaction among the three parties. (3) Taking Qidong Duijiachong Iron Mine in Hunan province as an empirical case, the results show that the benefits of tripartite cooperation are significantly higher than those of non cooperation or two-way cooperation. (4) The revised Shapley value was used to verify that the distribution of benefits under cooperation can effectively promote the realization of mine ecological restoration. Cooperative governance conforms to the modernization trend of ecological governance in China, can balance the conflicts of interests among multiple stakeholders, and provide reference for optimizing ecological restoration mechanisms.

Against the backdrop of increasing challenges to the territorial space system due to uncertainty risks and traditional conflicts, a deep understanding of the territorial space resilience in order to promote the transformation of the social-ecological system is crucial to the realization of the overall development and security strategy. On the basis of clarifying the connotation of territorial space resilience, we select the counties in Jiangsu province as the case area, and use HP filter analysis, adaptive cycle theory and panel vector autoregression to explore the evolution characteristics of territorial space resilience in different adaptive cycle stages and its interaction with urbanization. Firstly, the fundamental components of territorial space resilience in a normalized scenario include natural resource endowment support, territorial space functional resistance, and territorial space flow transformation. The dynamic evolution of territorial space resilience follows the underlying logic of the adaptive cycle theory's "utilization, conservation, release, and reorganization" cycle. Different development characteristics emerge at each stage. Secondly, the level of territorial space resilience in Jiangsu province's counties gradually increased between 2000 and 2022. The internal ranking of resilience dimensions is as follows: territorial space functional resistance>territorial space flow transformation>natural resource endowment support. The resilience level can be divided into four stages: utilization (2000-2006), conservation (2007-2013), release (2014-2018), and reorganization (2019-2022). These stages exhibit evolutionary characteristics of increase-decrease-increase-decrease, with the overall Gini coefficient following the pattern: conservation>utilization>release>reorganization. Thirdly, urbanization and territorial space resilience interact with each other over the long term among county units in Jiangsu province, and the dynamic relationship between the variables is basically stable, showing a positive driving effect, but the degree of contribution rate varies among regions. When the level of urbanization is impacted by the level of territorial space resilience, the degree of influence shows the trend of enhancement-weakening-enhancement-weakening-stability, and the level of territorial space resilience shows the trend of decline-rise-stability when facing the impact of urbanization. The study provides scientific evidence and decision-making references to promote regional sustainable development in a positive spiral.

The study of the impact of digital skills on the proactive adaptive behavior of farmers in grain production is of significance for ensuring national food security. This study utilizes survey data from the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin to empirically examine the impact of digital skills on farmers' adaptive behaviors in grain production and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The analysis reveals three key findings: (1) Digital skills significantly encourage farmers to engage in proactive adaptive behaviors in grain production. (2) Digital skills enhance these behaviors by improving farmers' integration into industry chains and expanding their knowledge networks. (3) The influence of digital skills is more pronounced among large-scale farmers, those with higher levels of education and income, and those in non-grain production areas or villages with high collective economic income. Additionally, farmers who have developed high-standard farmland show a greater propensity to benefit from digital skills. Based on these findings, the paper proposes policy interventions to leverage platform resources and digital tools to further enhance farmers' digital competencies, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices and food security.

Exploring the influencing factors of farmers' voluntary and compensated withdrawal intention from homestead land is of great significance for promoting the people-oriented rural land system reform. Utilizing micro-survey data encompassing a nationwide scope, this study is anchored in the multifunctional perspective of land, which delineates how the transfer of contracted land influences the willingness to withdraw homestead land and demonstrate the mediating role of household livelihood strategies, as well as the moderating effects of generational disparities and reform pilot effect. The findings are as following: (1) The inflow of contracted land suppresses farmers' willingness to withdraw homestead land, whereas the outflow of contracted land enhances this willingness. (2) Using the ratio of out-migrating population and the proportion of non-agricultural income as proxy variables to assess the mediating role of household livelihood strategies, the study identifies that demographic transition is a significant pathway through which land transfer impacts the willingness to withdraw homestead land, rather than the change of household income structures. (3) The effect of outflow of contracted land in enhancing the willingness of younger farmers to withdraw homestead land is more pronounced, while its influence is less significant among farmers in reform pilot areas. Consequently, future policy formulations regarding homestead land withdrawal should identify the target group, with a respect for the willingness of farmers. It is necessary to synchronize policies of homestead withdrawal and contracted land transfer. It is also imperative to continuously enhance the off-farm employment capabilities of farmers and to facilitate the high-quality migration of the rural population in a scientifically sound manner. Policies should be tailored to account for the heterogeneity among farmers and the unique characteristics of different regions.

Based on the micro-data of China Land Economic Survey conducted in Jiangsu province and the utility perception of rural residents, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of rural industry integration on rural residents' satisfaction with rural revitalization construction and its mechanism by using the order probit model. It is found that: (1) Rural industry integration can significantly improve the satisfaction of rural revitalization construction, and this conclusion is still valid after considering a series of tests. (2) The improvement of rural industry integration degree is conducive to improve the satisfaction of rural revitalization construction, but different integration modes have different promoting effects on rural revitalization effect, especially the integration mode of technology penetration, chain extension and function expansion. (3) Raising household income, and enhancing economic status identity and subjective happiness perception are important mechanisms for rural industry integration to release the effect of rural revitalization. (4) The effect of rural industry integration on rural revitalization is more obvious in villages with higher economic development level and stronger intervention degree of rural affairs organization. This paper enriches the relevant research of rural industry integration, and provides new ideas for accelerating the process of agricultural and rural modernization, promoting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas and improving the well-being of rural residents.

China is a major agricultural country, and geographical indications of agricultural products can promote high-quality agricultural development, alleviate issues relating to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents, and achieve comprehensive rural revitalization. In the context of insufficient research on the impact of geographical indications on ecosystem protection, research on the perception effect of geographical indications on ecosystem services can serve as supplementary content to enrich the protection effect of geographical indications. This article constructs an ecosystem service perception evaluation index system based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Framework. Taking the high-quality apple production base in the Weibei dryland region as an example, this study explores the perception effect of geographic indications on ecosystem services through propensity score matching method. Research has found that the participation of farmers in the use of geographical indications is influenced by the gender of the head of household, education level, understanding of geographical indications, attention to apple quality, and the location. Geographical indications have a significant impact on the perception of ecosystem services, and the perception level of ecosystem services by farmers participating in the use of geographical indications has increased by 3.8% to 4.3%. In the future, it is necessary to continue to promote geographical indications and encourage more farmers to participate in their use in order to improve their perception of ecosystem services.

To enhance regional agglomeration and carrying capacity, the State Council and provincial governments have successively approved several urban agglomeration plans. However, the impact of urban agglomeration planning on land resource carrying capacity needs to be tested. Therefore, based on panel data from 117 cities both within and outside the planning scope of the five major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during the period of 2005-2022, this paper employs multi-period difference-in-differences model and mediation effect model to empirically explore the effect and mechanism of urban agglomeration planning on land resource carrying capacity, and analyzes spatial spillover effect through the spatial Durbin model. The main findings are as follows: (1) Urban agglomeration planning can effectively enhance the land resource carrying capacity, but it has different impacts on its subsystems. The results indicate that urban agglomeration planning significantly enhances the land economic carrying capacity, but it has a significant negative effect on the land ecological carrying capacity. (2) Urban agglomeration planning will enhance the land resource carrying capacity of cities within the urban agglomeration by enhancing urban innovativeness, government competitiveness, and public service supply capacity. (3) Urban agglomeration planning has a significant positive spillover effect on the land resource carrying capacity of neighboring cities, but this effect is spatially confined to the urban agglomerations, which are more mature in terms of development. These findings provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for improving urban agglomeration planning policies and enhancing land resource carrying capacity within the context of high-quality development.

The green transition of cultivated land Use (GTCLU) is of great significance for building a new pattern of cultivated protection with coordinated development of water and soil resources under the background of global climate change, ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products, and promoting green agricultural development. Based on field surveys of farmers in Shenyang, this study explores the conceptual connotation of GTCLU and estimate its level at the farmer household scale, and theoretically analyzes and empirically tests whether and how intermediate inputs affected the GTCLU. The results indicate that: (1) The GTCLU has established a composite mapping relationship of ''water, land, food, and carbon'', which has the development characteristics of resource conservation and efficiency, good production environment, product quality and safety, and ecological environment friendliness. (2) The GTCLU level of sample farmers is observed in the transition type III, and compared to small farmers, the proportion of large-scale households in transition type IV is relatively large. The higher the proportion of per capita household income and non-agricultural income, the lower the GTCLU level of farmers. With the improvement of rural digitalization level, the GTCLU level of farmers is gradually increasing. (3) There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between intermediate input and farmers' GTCLU level, that is, when the intensity of intermediate input exceeds 0.375, it will have a suppressive effect on farmers' GTCLU level. (4) Social norms have a positive moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship between intermediate inputs and farmers' GTCLU levels. As social norm constraints continue to strengthen, the inverted U-shaped curve becomes steeper and the inflection point shifts to the left. The impact of environmental regulations on the inverted U-shaped relationship exhibits heterogeneity in business scale, meaning it does not affect large-scale households but has a significant effect on small-scale farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to further optimize the structure of intermediate inputs, enhance the soft constraint mechanism of social norms, fully utilize the combination of environmental regulatory tools, and promote the green transition of cultivated land use at the farmer household scale in a scientific and reasonable manner.

New infrastructure construction is emerging as a key driver for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the digital economy era, fostering green, low-carbon, and high-quality economic and social development. Using panel data from 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 2007 to 2022, this study measures indicators of new infrastructure development and empirically examines its synergistic effects on pollution reduction and carbon mitigation from the perspective of innovation factor misallocation. The findings indicate that: (1) New infrastructure significantly enhances coordinated governance in pollution reduction and carbon mitigation. This conclusion remains robust after a series of endogeneity and stability tests. However, the synergy between pollution reduction and carbon mitigation is not immediately observable. Only after the new infrastructure development surpasses certain "thresholds" does its effect on pollution and carbon reduction become evident. (2) Mechanism analysis reveals that new infrastructure alleviates the misallocation of R&D personnel, thereby promoting pollution reduction and carbon mitigation. However, the mechanism based on the misallocation of R&D capital has yet to fully manifest its effects. Factors such as R&D personnel mobility, human capital levels, and skill matching are effective in addressing R&D personnel misallocation and unlocking the benefits of technological innovation through new infrastructure, whereas government funding does not show a significant improvement in these outcomes. (3) Further analysis shows that new infrastructure can effectively reduce the "rebound" in carbon emissions currently. Nevertheless, in terms of spatial correlation, the overall impact of new infrastructure on coordinated pollution reduction and carbon mitigation exhibits negative externalities. The conclusions of this study provide a viable pathway for achieving the synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation, contributing to the "dual carbon" goals. These findings also offer empirical support for local governments in actively planning and advancing strategic layouts for new infrastructure.

As an important bridge connecting the natural ecosystem and human society, the improvement of the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products significantly impacts the realization of sustainable development goals. This paper aimed to explore how the new quality productive forces can empower the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products and promote the sustainable and efficient utilization of forest resources. Based on the dynamic qualitative comparative analysis method, using the panel data of 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2011 to 2022, this paper analyzed the multi-factor synergistic linkage effect of new quality productive forces in the process of improving the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products. The study found that: (1) A single factor couldn't constitute a necessary condition for the high value realization efficiency of forest ecological products, but the necessity of innovative productivity, technological productivity, resource productivity, environmental productivity, digital industry productivity and industrial digital productivity was gradually increasing. (2) The high value realization efficiency of forest ecological products had four driving paths: "innovation+environment", "technology+environment+industrial digit", "resources +digit" and "innovation+resources". The low value realization efficiency of forest ecological products had three restrictive paths: "green+industrial digit", "technology+green" and "innovation+environment". (3) All the four driving paths of high value realization efficiency of forest ecological products had spatial heterogeneity, and the "innovation+environment" driving path has significant time effect. The research results provided not only theoretical support for understanding the empowering effect of new quality productive forces on the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products, but also practical guidance for optimizing the management of forest ecological products and enhancing the value of ecological services.

The cultural service value realization of ecological products builds a bridge between ecosystems and human well-being and it is an important part of the exploration of the value realization mechanism of ecological products in national parks. In order to promote the transformation of lucid waters and lush mountains in national parks to invaluable assets and better meet people's growing demand for high-quality cultural ecosystem services, this paper proposed the path and mechanism of realizing the value of cultural service of ecological products in national parks (CSEPNPs) on the condition of the identification of functional characteristics and realization conditions. The analysis followed the chain process of "function-product/services-benefit-value" of ecosystem services based on the framework of ecosystem services cascade. We found that the path of realizing the value of CSEPNP includes six steps, namely clear ownership, survey and monitoring, product production, value accounting, project operation and trading. It was suggested to improve and optimize the mechanism on realizing the value of CSEPNP from policy, ecological compensation, investment, franchising, technology application, and public participation. In view of the characteristics of joint production of cultural ecosystem services and strong dependence on social construction, the value realization mechanism proposed in this paper from the perspective of stakeholders was conducive to improving and optimizing the humanistic feedback of the cascade framework in theory, and promoting the supply and demand matching between ecological products and cultural services in national parks in practice. With the continuing study on supply-side theory, method and policy, future research should pay attention to demand-side investigation, monitoring, evaluation methods and public participation and supervision mechanism research, so as to achieve real-time matching of supply and demand.

Mammals hold crucial significance in the realm of biodiversity conservation. Nature reserves serve as vital zones that effectively mitigate the loss of species diversity. Based on equal-area grid, this study evaluates the abundance patterns of terrestrial mammals across different levels of threats, analyzes regions and species under protection gaps, considering both the broad scale of nature reserves and the finer scale of protective patches. However, there are limited traditional gap analyses that fully take into account the diversity of species and their spatial requirements. We integrate the concept of Minimum Area Requirement (MAR) of species populations as a new supplementary assessment metric to assess the sufficiency of nature reserve patches, and species with poorer compliance are considered as the candidate species under conservation gaps, replacing the single threshold division approach with a multispecies threshold estimation method. The results show that: (1) The richness of threatened terrestrial mammals decreases progressively from the biodiversity-rich southwest to the north, highlighting the importance of Southwest China, particularly Yunnan province, as a critical biodiversity hotspot. Additionally, seven key regions are identified as conservation gap areas, where nature reserves fail to provide sufficient coverage for the protection of threatened species. (2) The distribution ranges of a total of 92.06% of the threatened species overlap with existing nature reserves, however, the presence of the overlaps does not ensure the provision of sufficient conservation, as evidenced by the fact that seven mammal species classified as endangered and three mammal species categorized as vulnerable are subject to absence of protection coverage. (3) Half of the protected patches for each of twenty-two nationally important threatened species face area limitations under different population growth rate levels. The results hold significant implications for identifying priority conservation areas and optimizing the planning of nature reserves to safeguard mammalian biodiversity.

Reserve areas are the key coverage areas of ecological protection compensation in China. In this paper, the generality and particularity of eco-compensation decision in reserve areas were analyzed, and a decision framework for eco-compensation was built considering the systematicness of decision and multi-dimensional effects. Based on the emphasis on expressing uncertainty in decision information, a decision model with "GIS (Geographic Information System)-BN (Bayesian Network)" as the core was constructed. The Maoli Lake Watershed, where the Hunan Maoli Lake National Wetland Park is located, was selected as a case area to design four agricultural land-use adjustment measures aimed at improving the water environment of the Maoli Lake, such as the reduction of chemical fertiliser application, and to form a number of eco-compensatory schemes to be selected. The decision tools were developed by self-programming to realize the fine decision of priority scheme and implementation area of agricultural land eco-compensation in the case area. The results showed that: (1) Ecological compensation for agricultural land in nature reserve areas had a multidimensional effect, and its decision-making should seek synergies between the conservation needs of the reserve and regional economic and social stability and development. (2) Ecological compensation for agricultural land comprised multiple key components, such as land use adjustment measures, target land types, compensation standards, and implementation areas. These elements could be combined in various ways to form comprehensive decision-making plans. This multi-component approach offerd a more systematic and holistic framework compared to single-factor decision-making models. (3) The priority programme for ecological compensation of agricultural land in the case area was the implementation of crop rotation and fallow for paddy fields and drylands, with compensation rates at the second level; regional preferences at the village level of the administrative districts could be implemented more efficiently. (4) The decision model in this paper could entirely transfer uncertainty information from the microscale of plot to the mesoscale of watershed, and the assessment results could simultaneously suggest the potential benefits and possible risks of the decision.

National parks represent a country's most important natural landscapes, unique heritage sites, and areas of rich biodiversity within the natural ecosystem. Their primary function is to protect the authenticity and integrity of vital natural ecosystems while supporting scientific research, education, and recreation. The scientific delimitation of functional divisions in national parks and identification of suitable space for conservation and utilization is of great significance for achieving multi-objective collaborative management of national parks. We developed a functional zoning analysis method for national parks based on a multi-dimensional framework combining recreation value, habitat quality, and landscape vulnerability. Our innovative approach optimized the measurement of habitat quality and landscape vulnerability indices. Using Kalamaili National Park in Xinjiang as a case study, our comprehensive evaluation revealed that areas with high recreation value, landscape vulnerability, and habitat quality showed distinct spatial distribution patterns. High recreational value areas were primarily distributed in the southeast and southwest zones, covering approximately 1200 km². High habitat quality areas were largely concentrated in the central region, encompassing roughly 2168.64 km². Areas of high landscape vulnerability were found in the east and south, spanning about 3310.25 km². Through spatial overlay analysis, we identified six functional clusters. According to these distribution patterns of functional clusters, we proposed planning recommendations for Kalamaili National Park's scientific development. The functional zoning assessment framework in this paper effectively identifies the functional combination and layout of national parks. It provides scientific evaluation methods and decision support for park management and sustainable development, helping promote the harmony between humans and nature.

China has currently entered a stock era of comprehensive renewal, while urban renewal has become the primary task and form of urban development. Japan, a developed adjacent country, has similar geographical and cultural backgrounds to China. As such, understanding its urban renewal can help to formulate and develop sustainable strategies for urban renewal in contemporary China. In doing so, this study aims to compare and discuss the differences in the characteristics of stages of urban renewal between China and Japan by analyzing the case of the process of urban renewal at Shibuya, Tokyo. It is found that urban renewal in Japan has gone through five stages since the Meiji Restoration, and there are significant differences in terms of time dimension, driving factors, location, and scale compared to urban renewal in China. However, from the dynamic development process, urban renewal in China gradually converged with the development characteristics of Japan in the later stages. Therefore, based on the inspiration from Japan's experience, this study summarizes the path and countermeasures for the future development of urban renewal in China: first, building a more refined and perfect urban renewal policy system; second, exploring the autonomous creation model under government led coordination; and third, using Japan's pioneering experience for reference and considering in advance the response to social issues.

Based on the sample data of 8 prefecture-level cities in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Surrounding Area from 2010 to 2022, this paper empirically analyzed the coupling coordination and driving mechanism of urban renewal and ecological resilience by using the entropy weight method, coupling coordination model, spatial Durbin model and other methods. The results show that: (1) From 2010 to 2022, the level of urban renewal and ecological resilience in the study area shows an overall upward trend, and the regional differences decreased year by year. (2) The coupling coordination degree of urban renewal and ecological resilience showed a fluctuating upward trend, and Changsha had always been in the high-level area of coupling coordination, and the development of its surrounding cities showed a trend of agglomeration. (3) Population agglomeration and economic development could promote the improvement of coupling coordination, and population agglomeration could also have a positive impact on the coupling coordination degree of neighboring areas. The increase in the proportion of industry and excessive government intervention would have an inhibiting effect on the coupling and coordination degree, and the impact of opening up to the outside world was still unclear.

Floor area is vital influencing factor of urban regeneration development gains. The article, based on Shenzhen experience analyzing the rule of floor area determination in urban regeneration, presents the evidence for the strong conflict between market-oriented and planning technology-oriented floor area determination, which brings the unequal development right among the subjects, the huge profit gap among different projects, the higher floor area ratio, and the subordinate functional type of urban construction, etc. The conflict has been proved not good for improving the quality and efficiency of floor area allocation. Therefore, this article analyzes the cooperative transformation mode of urban renewal,and uses an economic benefit analysis model based on four indicators: demolition and construction ratio, demolition and compensation ratio, saleable housing price unit price, and profit margin. It analyzes the mathematical relationship between various indicators in different types of renovation projects and examines the economic relationship between the government, market entities, and original rights holders in urban renewal. As a result of these investigations, suggestions, for instance, separating the market-oriented floor area and planning technology-oriented floor area, developing the demolition and construction ratio-based rule of floor area determination, enhancing the guidance of the demolition and compensation negotiation, are identified for improving the rule of floor area determination in urban regeneration at the end of this article.

The renewal of collective construction land is fundamentally a process of land development rights restructuring, which may lead to various conflicts of interest and become the major obstacle to planning implementation. The rights adjustment system based on the principle of balancing interests can help mitigate these challenges. Theoretically, the imbalance in rights distribution is caused by the dual effects of market dynamics and planning intervention, which can negatively affect the fairness and sustainability of urban-rural development. To address this issue, a theoretical framework has been constructed that integrates the adjustment mechanisms of land development rights from aspects of scale, type, and standards. Empirical analysis, using Nanhai district in Foshan city as a case study, reveals the mechanism of unequal rights distribution in the formation and development of collective construction land, as well as the government's planning interventions. The study identifies three models of rights adjustment: mixed development, joint redevelopment, and the "three vouchers" system. These models are applicable to different scenarios of collective construction land renewal and exhibit distinct evolutionary characteristics. Mixed development promotes redevelopment through negotiated profit sharing, but it may lead to government concessions and thus reduce the government's capacity for broader rights adjustment. Joint redevelopment links development responsibilities with specific projects, promotes a more equitable distribution of spatial rights and supports the renewal of industrial land. The "three vouchers" system establishes a spatial transaction mechanism for land development rights through the transfer of land use indicators and the reallocation of properties, thereby further enhancing the coordination of development rights across regions. These models exhibit a trajectory towards more scalable, diverse, and clearly defined standards. The study concludes with policy recommendations emphasizing the importance of incorporating rights adjustment mechanisms into the planning process, clarifying standards for rights allocation and adjustment, and establishing a systematic framework for transferring development rights between government and market actors.

Based on the unique geographical and historical background, red brick has become a distinctive urban characteristic in the Fujian-Taiwan region, with its complex cultural background endowing it with rich potential value. However, the current inheritance and continuation of red brick cultural genes face significant challenges. In this study, we apply scene theory to Quanzhou West Street historical and cultural district, which is the most representative red brick area in Quanzhou. This study adopts the framework of the five elements of a scene to analyze the evaluation process of carrier characteristics, behavioral perception, and amenity value. Through a combination of field research, in-depth interviews, surveys, and big data statistical analysis, we investigate the evaluation indicator system for scene amenities at two levels: the macro-level of the entire district and the micro-level of red brick buildings. Our research findings reveal: (1) The scene elements of the red brick historical district include spatial environment, functional medium, diverse groups, activity combinations, and value attraction. (2) The scene functions of the overall district environment include: historical artifacts, cultural displays, and consumption experiences. These three aspects are interrelated, but the overall satisfaction of Quanzhou West Street still needs improvement. (3) The amenities of red brick architecture can be categorized into four types: color aesthetics, texture, decorative details, and regional characteristics. These categories include 12 traditional architectural features such as red bricks, white stones, wood, windows, balconies, external structures, beam decorations, columns, bricklaying methods, internal spaces, main structures, and roofs. Finally, we propose principles for protection and renewal, specific measures, and strategies for controlling the architectural style of red brick buildings. Our research extends the empirical application of scene theory in China, and provides effective approaches for the protection and renewal of historical and cultural districts.

The integration of culture and tourism is becoming a new engine for boosting domestic demand in China, and the assessment of the potential for cultural and tourism development can help to reuse the built heritage of the city and renew it with high quality. Under the heritage conservation policy of integrated management, how to quickly identify and categorize built heritage with potential for enhancement, and how to gather multiple heritage resources to build a cultural and tourism network has become a key issue in cultural heritage renewal. Taking built heritage in the main urban area of Dalian as the object of study, combining field research scoring, geospatial, socio-economic, demographic and streetscape image data, we constructed an evaluation system of built heritage regeneration potential from three levels, namely supply potential, demand potential and regional security power, and further refined it with six elements, namely environmental value, ontological value, market demand, cultural renewal demand, regional resource conditions and tourism resource extensibility. Through the collection and sorting of heritage lists, the existing built heritage with development value was screened and identified, and the improved CRITIC and TOPSIS integrated evaluation models were used to comprehensively evaluate the development potential of built heritage sites, and the data of each element and criterion layer were visualized and analyzed. Based on the kernel density analysis, the joint heritage renewal areas were divided and the renewal priority of each area was determined. The results show that: (1) The differences in the development value of each built heritage are concentrated in the two aspects of supply potential and regional security power. (2) The demand potential, especially the demand for cultural renewal, is less different from region to region. (3) The higher comprehensive development value is observed in the urban core area. Based on the evaluation results of each element and the comprehensive analysis, we put forward the renewal mechanisms for the heritage development models in various regions. Finally, we select the most representative heritage sites with priority for renewal in each region, providing references for the protection and development practices of existing urban built heritage.

The frontier of urban regeneration in some Chinese cities has shifted to university campuses and their surrounding areas, thereby co-producing innovation ecosystems that integrates ''innovation, production, and urbanisation''. This study draws on the Triple Helix Theory and develops an analytical framework to explain the formation and evolution of innovation ecosystems in China. Using this framework, it compares the trajectories and outcomes of two university-based innovation ecosystems: Nanjing University's Silicon Valley and the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Innovation Bay Area. The study has three main findings. Firstly, in both cases, universities and local governments collaborated to adapt university campuses and regenerate surrounding areas to co-create innovation ecosystems. This suggests that urban regeneration and innovation-driven development have become new frontiers of town-gown interactions. Secondly, the development of both university-based innovation ecosystems was led and implemented by local governments and universities rather than by innovation businesses. This state-led feature, partly due to their early-stage status, diverges from Western theories on innovation, which place businesses at the core of innovation ecosystem formations. Thirdly, the innovation ecosystems developed in three stages: upgrading material spaces, creating an enabling environment, and densifying collaborative networks. The success of each stage depended on alignment between universities and local governments regarding goals, implementation, and sustaining mechanisms. The findings offer national and local governments insights into implementing innovation-driven development strategies, fostering new quality productive forces, and promoting sustainable urban regeneration.