国土空间功能组织是国土空间治理现代化的核心竞争力所在。当前亟需开展国土空间功能组织创新研究，落实国家统筹发展和安全战略的实施要求，探索构建面向人与自然和谐共生的新时期国土空间功能组织模式。研究发现：（1）国土空间功能组织是通过统筹协调国土空间开发、利用与保护活动，以处理有限的国土空间供给与多样的国家发展需求矛盾的过程。（2）当前中国面临国土空间供给不足和空间发展不平衡、不充分等人地失调问题，难以为高质量发展提供国土空间基础保障，亟需构建以自然分异为基础，以功能分区为导向，以空间开发、利用、整治、保护和营造为手段的新时期国土空间功能组织模式。（3）构建了以“功能区划—地域分工—地域协同—空间营造—规划实施”为主线的国土空间功能组织创新路径，以期有助于防范和化解影响中国现代化进程的国土空间风险，保障人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化。

城镇化与碳排放都是国家关注重点、学界研究热点和政策治理难点。基于经济发展、人口转移和城镇扩张视角，从“产业—人口—土地”多维度分析城镇化与碳排放机制，并综合运用脱钩分析、Kaya-LMDI因素分解和STIRPAT-LSDV模型，实证研究中国城镇化与碳排放机制。结果发现：（1）产业、人口和土地是城镇化的关键物质要素，其交互演变构成碳排放变化的逻辑起点。经济发展、人口转移和城镇扩张是城镇化与碳排放耦合交互的底层逻辑、重要因素和空间保障。（2）加入WTO以来，中国工业化进程加快，城镇化与碳排放耦合关系从弱脱钩转变为增长耦合乃至增长负脱钩。迈入高质量发展阶段后，产业、人口和土地城镇化对碳排放的促进作用逐渐衰竭。（3）1990—2020年，伴随城镇化快速推进，中国能源结构、能源效率、低碳经济结构、人均经济水平、经济规模、城镇人口规模、城镇人口密度、城镇用地规模、城镇用地强度的变动，对碳排放的作用效应分别为1.37亿t、-139.98亿t、-138.61亿t、163.53亿t、223.95亿t、60.41亿t、-25.24亿t、85.66亿t、138.29亿t。（4）2003—2020年，中国能源结构、能源效率、第二三产业占比、城镇人口、城镇建成区面积分别提升1%，碳排放相应增长1.111%、-0.560%、0.771%、0.477%、0.488%，并且城镇化与碳排放交互机制具有时空异质性。研究结果能够为新型城镇化和“双碳”战略实施提供科学依据与决策参考。

信息社会条件下，流动空间加剧时空压缩和区位活化，进而加速经济社会空间重构，地域空间已成为“流动空间”与“场所空间”的复合体，并促使现代地域功能理论更新升级。聚焦区域评价的科学性、要素流动的客观性和陆海统筹的现实性，提出沿海国土空间地域功能识别的理论与模型。（1）基于“因地制宜，唯变所适”的国土空间规划新理念，结合沿海地区海陆要素循环流转的本性特征，构建沿海国土空间地域功能识别的理论框架。沿海国土空间地域功能发展演进的本质是人地（海）关系地域系统的优化调整，不仅要遵循地理空间的适宜性，还应实现地理环境的适应性，只有将静态的区域禀赋与动态的要素流动结合起来，才能实现系统内部人地（海）关系的最优配置。（2）以“空间适宜性”和“环境适应性”为基础，构建国土空间利用的“新空间均衡模型”，将环境适应性作为沿海国土空间地域功能识别的重要补充，重点突出流动要素在区际间、海陆间循环流转、集聚扩散引发的人类活动主动适应过程，提升沿海地域功能识别的流动性特征。（3）针对沿海地区空间规划在分区理论、技术与数据支撑仍面临“海不上陆，陆不下海”的现实困境，以陆海统筹为原则，通过对海陆空间利用矛盾的情景矩阵分析，提炼了陆海统筹的四种模式，探讨行政单元与网格空间海陆要素匹配和空间优化的技术方案。

新形势下城市巨系统面临更多不确定性风险与未知扰动,要求安全防灾规划从目标对象、战略定位、技术手段与规划理念等方面做出适应调整,通过韧性城市建设引领区域安全稳定发展。对韧性城市的概念起源、理论发展与实践探索进行了梳理和评述,并结合我国“多规合一”后的国土空间规划体系改革,对空间治理背景下韧性规划的内涵特征、层级类型、流程形式与公共治理进行认识与思考;并从深化韧性城市的理论构建与机理研究、转变规划编制的设计思路和实践流程、完善韧性实践中的规划传导和尺度治理、关注韧性建设中的基层治理和公众参与四个方面,提出韧性规划的实践路径展望,力求有序推进我国城市公共安全现代化治理建设。

科学评估黄河流域城市生态韧性对于塑造流域高质量发展优势与营造韧性宜居环境至关重要。基于“压力-状态-响应-创新”四维框架构建城市生态韧性评价体系，运用核密度估计、Dagum基尼系数等方法考察2011—2020年黄河流域城市生态韧性时序演进、空间分布及空间差异特征，并使用空间杜宾模型剖析其影响因素。结果表明：（1） 黄河流域城市生态韧性有效提升，上中下游各地区演进过程、极化特征不尽相同。（2） 城市生态韧性空间格局呈“下游-中游-上游”梯度递减，空间集聚与区域分异特征明显。（3） 城市生态韧性总体及区域内差异波动式下降，区域间差异是空间差异主要来源，年均贡献率高达65.44%。（4） 降水量、经济发展水平、公共安全建设对黄河流域城市生态韧性提升具有正向影响，对外开放水平存在正向溢出效应，基础设施建设、政府干预程度在提升当地城市生态韧性过程中也呈现出正向溢出效应，而土地开发强度、环境污染程度会抑制城市生态韧性提升，且环境污染程度还存在负向溢出效应。此外，黄河上中下游各地区影响因素效果差异显著。

A scientific assessment of urban ecological resilience in China's Yellow River Basin is crucial for shaping the basin's high-quality development advantages and creating a resilient and livable environment. Based on the four-dimensional framework of “Pressure-State-Response-Innovation”, this study constructs an urban ecological resilience evaluation system and investigates the temporal evolution, spatial distribution, and spatial difference characteristics of urban ecological resilience in the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2020 using kernel density estimation, Dagum Gini coefficient, and other methods. Moreover, it applies the spatial Durbin model to analyze its influencing factors. The results showed that: (1) The urban ecological resilience in the Yellow River Basin was effectively improved, and the evolution process and polarization characteristics of the downstream, midstream, and upstream were different. (2) The spatial pattern of urban ecological resilience showed a “downstream-midstream-upstream”, gradient decline, with obvious characteristics of spatial agglomeration and regional differentiation. (3) The overall and intraregional differences in urban ecological resilience fluctuated, and inter-regional differences were the main source of spatial differences, with an annual contribution rate of 65.44%. (4) Precipitation, economic development level, and public security construction positively impacted the improvement of urban ecological resilience in the Yellow River Basin, and the opening up level had a positive spillover effect. Infrastructure construction and government intervention also showed a positive spillover effect in improving local urban ecological resilience, whereas the intensity of land development and the degree of environmental pollution would hinder the enhancement of urban ecological resilience. The degree of environmental pollution also had a negative spillover effect. In addition, significant differences were observed in the effects of the influencing factors in the downstream, midstream, and upstream of the Yellow River.

作为实现海岸带可持续发展的有效测度手段，韧性研究为海岸带地区自然环境和人类活动的风险评估提供了全新视角。基于人地系统视角提出海岸带韧性的概念，从海岸带韧性分析框架、概念内涵、指标构成出发，构建海岸带韧性HNS-PSR评价体系，并以中国海岸带为例进行测度。研究表明：① 现有海岸带韧性研究大多囿于单一要素，缺乏整体性，对于海岸带交互强烈的人地属性、人地冲突为核心的人地关系关注较少，亟待基于人地系统视角对海岸带韧性底层逻辑、分析框架进行架构，构建全视角、多角度的海岸带韧性评价体系。② 在海岸带韧性HNS-PSR评价体系中，“人”聚焦于人口数量及质量的功能发挥和以“人”为载体而物化的经济社会文化属性；“地”既是对陆或海单一区域“地”要素的继承，又着重强调海陆交互作用属性，并为人类活动提供空间场所和资源要素支撑；“人地关系”则侧重对海陆间交互作用协调的纽带作用及感知海岸带抵御、适应、更新能力产生的适应行为和结果。③ 2005—2019年间，中国海岸带韧性呈波动上升趋势，省际差异明显，且仍以压力韧性为主导。其中，广东、上海、天津海岸带韧性位居前三位，广西、河北、海南位于后三位。研究为海岸带韧性研究提供了全新的视角，并为中国海洋强国建设提供了科学指引。

以武陵山片区71个县域单元为研究对象,建构国土开发强度与经济韧性综合评估框架,继而采用耦合协调度模型考察2000—2019年两者耦合协调时空演变特征,最后结合PVAR模型验证武陵山片区国土开发强度与经济韧性的互动效应。结果表明：①2000—2019年武陵山片区国土开发强度与经济韧性均呈波动上升态势,分别由期初的0.195、0.117增至期末的0.381、0.328,两者整体水平偏低且增幅和缓。②时序演化上,武陵山片区“国土开发强度—经济韧性”复合系统的耦合协调度稳步提升,从期初的中度失调转为良好协调状态,且存在“俱乐部收敛”发展趋向;空间分布上,呈“重庆分片区>湖南分片区>湖北分片区>贵州分片区”的异质性格局,团簇状集聚分布特征明显。③武陵山片区国土开发强度与经济韧性存在长期稳定的协整关系,国土开发强度与经济韧性对自身冲击效应大,而国土开发强度对经济韧性的促进作用强于经济韧性对国土开发强度的提升效果。

Taking 71 counties in Wuling Mountains area as the research object,this article constructs a comprehensive evaluation framework of land development intensity and economic resilience, and uses the coupling coordination degree model to investigate the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of their coupling coordination in 2000-2019. Based on the PVAR model, it verifies the interactive response relationship between the land development intensity and economic resilience. The results show that: 1) From 2000 to 2019,the land development intensity and economic resilience both show a fluctuating upward trend, from 0.195 and 0.117 in 2000 to 0.381 and 0.328 in 2019, respectively. The overall levels of both are low and the growth rate is moderate. 2) From the perspective of time series evolution,the coupling coordination degree of the complex system of "land development intensity and economic resilience" has been steadily improved,gradually transforming from a moderate imbalance state at the beginning to a good coordination state, and there is a trend of "club convergence". In terms of spatial distribution,it presents a heterogeneous pattern of "Chongqing>Hunan>Hubei>Guizhou",with obvious clustering distribution characteristics. 3) There is a long-term stable co-integration relationship between land development intensity and economic resilience. The land development intensity and economic resilience have a large impact effect on themselves,and the promotion effect of land development intensity on economic resilience is stronger than economic resilience on land development intensity.

文章将适应性循环理论模型运用到乡村生产空间系统领域,构建乡村生产空间系统运行状态的评估模型与指标体系,根据适应性循环理论中“潜力—连通度—恢复力”的大小及增减关系,建立三维坐标轴,将2009、2014、2019年重庆市各区县乡村生产空间系统的“潜力—连通度—恢复力”指数进行空间落位,与适应性循环周期各个阶段相匹配,划分各个区县乡村生产空间系统适应性循环阶段进而解析其驱动机制,其结果表明：①在理清乡村生产空间系统适应性循环学理过程的基础上,建立三维坐标轴,将“潜力—连通度—恢复力”指数进行空间落位,与适应性循环阶段特征相匹配,判别乡村生产空间系统演化阶段的方法,弥补并完善了系统阶段划分在数理分析支撑下的缺失,具有可行性和可操作性。②2009—2019年,重庆市各区县乡村生产空间系统处于适应性循环的正向循环,主要为开发阶段和保护阶段,其中巴南区等16个区县由开发阶段（r）向保护阶段（Κ）演进。③重庆市各区县乡村生产空间系统在内外交互力的作用下,潜力、连通度、恢复力变化各异,推动着乡村生产空间系统适应性循环的演化升级。

改革开放以来,中国快速城镇化既推动经济社会大发展,也面临巨大挑战。跨学科视野下,围绕城镇化问题的争论和持续研究对国家新型城镇化规划产生重要影响,也标志着中国城镇化方向的重大调整。但对中国特色新型城镇化的科学认知和理论挖掘仍不充分。本文归纳了中国城镇化发展的简要历程,指出半城镇化、特殊国情、复杂因素及治理体系交织的中国城镇化特征,阐明了中国城镇化对世界的巨大贡献,论述作为最显著的人文空间过程的城镇化对人文与经济地理学的学科意义,并解读了新型城镇化认知与建构的4个方面理论内涵：人本性、协同性、包容性和可持续性。伴随结构主义向人本主义发展理念的转变,新型城镇化应逐步实现从“人口城镇化”到“人的城镇化”的转变,其中有6个关键议题：人的城镇化与基本公共服务均等化、城镇化城乡综合过程与协同研究、资源环境承载与气候变化适应下的城镇化、多样化区域模式、城镇化人文社会空间效应及机制、大数据与技术方法创新。本文尝试构建中国特色的新型城镇化理论内涵的认知框架,以期为新型城镇化理论研究和政策实践提供借鉴。

Since the reform and opening up, China's rapid urbanization has boosted the development of economy and society, but it is also confronted with tremendous challenges. The multidisciplinary research has promoted the issue of National New-type Urbanization Planning, which indicates the transformation of China's urbanization strategy. Further research, however, is needed to explore the theoretical construction of China's new-type urbanization. The paper summarizes the development process of China's urbanization and points out its characteristics, which includes peri-urbanization, special national conditions, complicated factors and governance system. China's urbanization makes a great contribution to the world. Moreover, the literature demonstrates the significance of urbanization to the discipline of human and economic geography and the scientific connotations of new-type urbanization, which refers to peiple-oriented, harmonious, inclusive and sustainable. Under the background of the humanism transformation, new-type urbanization should transform from population urbanization to people-oriented urbanization. There are six crucial scientific issues: people-oriented urbanization and equalization of basic public services, urbanization with integrated and coordinated development of urban and rural, urbanization in the context of resources and environment carrying capability and climate change, diverse regional modes, spatial effect and mechanism, as well as big data and innovation of technical methods. The paper makes efforts to illustrate a framework of China's new-type urbanization connotation, which provides references for theoretical research and policy formulation.

我国城镇化已经步入中后期发展阶段,以人为本的新型城镇化内涵需要进一步丰富和建构。国土空间规划正是新型城镇化建设和生态文明建设落地的关键。本文提出增进居民福祉是以人为本新型城镇化的核心,梳理了居民福祉内涵的国内外相关研究、居民福祉的主客观测度指标体系与方法,归纳了影响居民福祉和幸福感的综合影响因素。借鉴国外空间规划经验,建议把增进城乡居民福祉作为国土空间规划编制的指导思想之一,并在国土空间规划实践中注重公共服务设施优化配置研究、灾害风险评估与韧性城市建设、三生空间优化、社区生活圈规划与精细化管理和大数据与智能决策系统等。城镇化是国土空间规划的重要组成,国土空间规划的科学编制有助于推动新型城镇化的高质量发展和城乡居民福祉提升,需要关注和加强城市合理等级体系、城市人口流动格局网络、半城镇化与就近城镇化模式、城乡基本公共服务配置与均等化、气候变化、城市灾害风险管理以及快速城镇化下人地关系演变等新型城镇化基础研究。

There is a direct and accelerating connection between ongoing environmental change, the unprecedented decline in biodiversity, and the increase in infectious disease epidemiology worldwide. Rising global temperatures are threatening the biodiversity that underpins the richness and diversity of flora and fauna species in our ecosystem. Anthropogenic activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, rapid urbanization, and expanding population are the primary drivers of environmental change resulting in biodiversity collapse. Climate change is influencing the emergence, prevalence, and transmission of infectious diseases both directly and through its impact on biodiversity. The environment is gradually becoming more suitable for infectious diseases by affecting a variety of pathogens, hosts, and vectors and by favoring transmission rates in many parts of the world that were until recently free of these infections. The acute effects of these zoonotic, vector and waterborne diseases are well known; however, evidence is emerging about their role in the development of chronic kidney disease. The pathways linking environmental change and biodiversity loss to infections impacting kidney health are diverse and complex. Climate change and biodiversity loss disproportionately affect the vulnerable and limit their ability to access healthcare. The kidney health community needs to contribute to the issue of environmental change and biodiversity loss through multisectoral action alongside government, policymakers, advocates, businesses, and the general population. We describe various aspects of the environmental change effects on the transmission and emergence of infectious diseases particularly focusing on its potential impact on kidney health. We also discuss the adaptive and mitigation measures and the gaps in research and policy action.© 2023 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Impacted by the compounding effects of climate change and urbanization, cities are facing a panoply of risks that threaten their sustainability. Recognizing the potentially catastrophic ramifications of inaction, local governments are increasingly involved in resilience-building activities that are informed by a vast body of research related to different socio-economic, environmental, and institutional aspects of urban planning and design. However, despite its significant impacts on growth and evolution of cities, limited research exists on how urban form can enhance resilience by increasing the abilities to plan for, absorb, recover from, and adapt to adverse events. As a step towards filling this gap, this paper explores how meso-scale urban form elements can affect urban resilience. This is done through synthesizing theoretical and empirical evidence reported in the literature. The focus is on morphological parameters related to the following urban form elements: neighborhoods, blocks, lots, and open spaces. Results show that existing evidence is mainly related to the associations between neighborhood density, size and configuration of open spaces, and land use mix' and resilience to 'climate change impacts', 'earthquakes', 'social issues', and 'resource scarcity'. There is also considerable evidence on the association between design of blocks/lots and resilience in terms of climate change adaptation/mitigation and adaptability to changing circumstances. The analysis also shows that each element influences and is influenced by other elements in the urban system and different elements should not be studied in isolation and the interplay between them should be considered. Existing evidence on conflicts is mainly related to density, but measures related to other elements may also involve conflicts. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for future research towards improving resilience of urban form at the meso-scale.

地理本性是指一个区域区别于其他区域的、在地理空间上的本质特征。从Krugman的两大地理本性到中国学者提出的三大地理本性,区位要素更全面地体现了信息时代的区域特性。本文将流动空间的活跃要素融入地理本性分析框架中,构建全新的滨海城市旅游系统适应性评价指标体系,对2006、2011和2016年3个年份的14个滨海城市旅游系统适应性进行全面评价并提出分类提升建议。结果表明：①14个滨海城市旅游系统适应性均呈现增强趋势,但适应性指数增速趋缓。舟山、厦门、青岛适应性指数大幅增长,大连、三亚、秦皇岛、广州、上海、连云港增长较为明显,北海、天津、宁波、深圳、烟台增长缓慢。②各城市旅游系统适应性指数具有明显差异性。三大地理本性要素中,对多数滨海城市而言,第一本性对旅游系统适应性影响最大,第二本性影响程度降低,第三本性影响程度扩大,充分反映旅游资源禀赋是滨海城市旅游系统适应性的根本支撑,创新要素等软实力正在成为适应能力增长的新动能。③基于旅游系统适应性结构可将滨海城市分为3类。第一本性适应能力存在短板时,需重点关注旅游资源的可持续利用与保护,围绕资源特性提升旅游产品品质、丰富旅游线路;第二本性存在短板时则需完善旅游系统配套、优化营商环境,提升旅游服务水平;第三本性存在短板时则需更重视数字化、信息化等创新要素对旅游系统的助推,大力开发旅游新兴业态,增强旅游发展活力。未来应统筹推进区域资源有机整合,补齐适应性短板,为滨海旅游可持续发展赋能。

本文以1999-2013年全国30个省份的数据为研究对象，实证检验了要素流动、产业转移对地区产业空间集聚水平的影响。研究发现，一个地区的产业集聚程度的动态变化显著地依赖初始的产业布局。同时，伴随产业转移过程中的要素流动对地区产业集聚水平也具有重要的影响。其中劳动力流动规模提高一个单位时，地区产业集聚水平降低0.009个百分点，但是资本要素的转移和技术要素的扩散对地区产业集聚水平的影响分别为0.715和0.053。此外，分地区回归结果发现，东部地区对外产业转移的确会降低本地区产业集聚水平，而作为产业转移承接地的中西部地区则可以通过这种“外引内联”的方式，积极吸收来自于东部发达地区的人力资源、资本、技术的流入，并最终能够提高本地区的产业集聚水平。

This paper based on 1999-2013 data of 30 provinces across the country as the research object, empirically the factors of flow, the influence of industry transfer of regional industrial agglomeration level. The study found that a region of the dynamic changes of the industrial concentration degree significantly dependent on the initial industry layout. At the same time, along with elements in the process of industry transfer flow has also has an important effect on the regional industrial agglomeration level. One scale of labor flow unit, and a 0.009% reduction in regional industrial agglomeration, but capital elements of the transfer and diffusion of technology elements impact on regional industrial agglomeration level of 0.715 and 0.053 respectively. In addition, the points in regression results show that the eastern region of foreign industry transfer does decrease the region industry

健康的生态系统保障着人类的可持续发展，城市生态系统健康状态可以作为城市可持续发展的重要监测指标。本研究以“活力—组织力—恢复力—贡献力”为评估框架，构建城市生态系统健康评估指标体系，并以乡镇（街道）为研究单元、基于二级地类对广州市2000、2005、2010、2015年生态系统健康进行动态评估。结果表明：2015年，“健康”、“较健康”的乡镇（街道）数量占比不到1/5，市域生态系统健康状况整体不容乐观；2000—2015年，近3/4的乡镇（街道）生态系统健康等级未改变，“显著增强”、“显著减弱”的乡镇（街道）均只占1%，“增强”、“减弱”的乡镇（街道）则分别占5%、20%；从因子主导性来看，研究时段内无因子主导乡镇（街道）的数量基本不变，单因子、双因子主导的显著增加，三因子、四因子主导的趋于减少；整体而言，2000—2015年广州市生态系统活力有所提升但恢复力明显下降，生态系统健康整体呈现下降趋势，不利于城市生态系统可持续发展。

能源互联互通是“一带一路”倡议的重要组成部分，保障能源运输管道安全对推动“一带一路”高质量发展具有重要意义。以中国跨境油气运输管道为研究对象，从管道自身安全、管道途经国家安全两个方面，构建涵盖管道、资源、经济、政治、外交五个维度的油气运输管道安全性评价指标体系，基于熵值—突变级数模型对2020年中国跨境油气运输管道安全性进行评价并划分类型区。结果表明：（1）原油运输管道安全性突变级数值排序为中哈原油管道>中俄原油管道>中缅原油管道；天然气运输管道安全性突变级数值排序为中国—中亚天然气管道C线>中国—中亚天然气管道A、B线>中俄东线天然气管道>中缅天然气管道；各管道在分维度下各具优劣势。（2）根据系统聚类法将管道划分为安全性较高型、安全性较低型两种，安全性较高型管道目前运行态势良好，但仍存在安全隐患；资源短缺、政局动荡、经济弱势成为影响安全性较低型管道安全评价的不利因素。

Energy interconnection is an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative, and ensuring the safety of energy transportation pipelines is of great significance in promoting the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative. This paper takes China's cross-border oil and gas transport pipelines as the research object, and constructs an oil and gas transport pipeline safety evaluation index system covering five dimensions of pipeline, resources, economy, politics and diplomacy from two aspects of pipeline safety and pipeline routing involving national security. Based on the entropy-catastrophe progression method, the safety of China's cross-border oil and gas transport pipelines in 2020 is evaluated and classified into categories. The results show that: (1) The catastrophe level values of crude oil transportation pipelines are ranked as China-Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline>China-Russia crude oil pipeline>China-Myanmar crude oil pipeline; the catastrophe level values of natural gas transportation pipelines are ranked as China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline line C>China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline lines A and B>east route of China-Russia natural gas pipeline>China-Myanmar natural gas pipeline; and the pipelines have their respective advantages and disadvantages under the sub-dimensions. (2) According to the system clustering method, the pipelines are divided into two types: high security type and low security type. The high safety pipelines are in good condition at present, but there are still safety hazards; resource scarcity, political instability, and economic weakness have become unfavourable factors affecting the safety evaluation of low safety pipelines.

以韧性城市理论为基础,构建城市人居环境韧性水平综合评价指标体系,探索2008—2020年长三角地区41个城市人居环境韧性水平的时空演化特征。研究发现：①从时序演进角度看,长三角地区城市人居环境韧性总体水平呈向好发展,但韧性水平的绝对差距也呈显著扩张态势,其演变周期可划分为“波动—提升—共生”3个阶段。②从空间分布角度看,城市人居环境韧性水平空间差异性较大,韧性高值区集聚于上海、浙东北、苏南地区,并由此区域向外呈层次明显的“核心—边缘”结构扩散趋势;城市人居环境韧性水平空间集聚水平呈良好发展趋势,已形成以四大地区为首的热点区域空间集聚特征。③从空间转移角度看,城市人居环境韧性等级的空间传递性较为显著,邻域背景下的城市人居环境韧性水平城市形成各自集聚的“俱乐部收敛”现象,等级转移具有明显的时空异质性特征。最后,提出要全面推进长三角区域一体化战略,加强交通基础设施建设等整体提升城市人居环境韧性水平。

Based on the resilient city theory,this study constructs the comprehensive evaluation index system of urban human settlement resilience,and explores the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of urban human settlement resilience in 41 regional units in the Yangtze River Delta from 2008 to 2020. The research obtains the following findings: Firstly,from the perspective of temporal evolution,the overall level of urban human settlement resilience in the Yangtze River Delta shows a positive trend,but the absolute gap of the level of urban human settlement resilience also shows a significant trend of expansion,which can be divided into three stages of "fluctuation,improvement and symbiosis". Secondly,from the perspective of spatial distribution,the resilience level of urban human settlements shows a large spatial difference. The areas with high resilience are clustered in Shanghai,the northeast of Zhejiang and the south of Jiangsu,and shows an obvious core-edge structure diffusion trend outward from the region. The spatial agglomeration level of urban human settlement resilience shows a good development trend,and has formed the characteristics of spatial agglomeration of hot spots led by four regions. Thirdly,from the perspective of spatial transfer,the spatial transfer of urban human settlement resilience level is significant. Under the neighborhood background,the human settlement resilience level of cities shows the "club convergence" phenomenon,and the grade transfer has obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Finally,in order to improve the resilience level of urban human settlements,it is proposed comprehensively promote the regional integration strategy of the Yangtze River Delta,strengthen the construction of transportation infrastructure.

明确国土空间生态修复分区是有序实施国土整治与生态修复的前提与基础。重庆市是长江上游生态屏障的最后一道关口,在国家生态安全格局中的战略地位突出。本文以重庆市为例,探讨基于适应性循环模型的国土空间生态修复分区研究框架,构建评价指标体系诊断国土空间系统潜力、连通度和韧性3维属性的时空演变趋势,识别县域单元所处适应性循环阶段,划定国土空间生态修复分区,并明确基于分区的生态修复策略。结果表明：① 2000—2020年重庆市国土空间系统3维属性整体呈现东高西低的空间特征。当前各县域单元大多处于重组阶段、开发阶段和协调开发阶段,少部分处于保护阶段,尚未进入释放阶段。② 重庆市国土空间生态修复分区包含4个大区和9个亚区。总体而言,生态修复区应关注建成区的系统性生态修复工程,加强环境综合改良与治理力度;生态提升区应逐步提高生态保护修复工程的实施标准,优化各类生态要素的协调度,提升综合生态效益;生态控制区应限制国土空间开发强度,降低人类活动干扰的负面影响;生态保育区应优化自然生态系统功能,加强生态保护区管理与生态问题治理。

A clear ecological restoration zoning of territorial space is the prerequisite and foundation for the orderly implementation of land remediation and ecological restoration projects. Chongqing is the last gateway to the ecological barrier of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, with a prominent strategic position in the ecological security pattern of China. Taking Chongqing as an example, this study explored the framework of ecological restoration zoning based on the adaptive cycle model, constructed an index system to evaluate the spatio-temporal characteristics of the three-dimensional attributes of potential, connectedness and resilience of the city's territorial space system, identified the adaptive cycle phase of each county, and discussed its ecological restoration of territorial space. The results show that: (1) The spatial distribution of three-dimensional attributes in the study area from 2000 to 2020 presents a pattern of high in the east and low in the west. Most of the counties in Chongqing are in the reorganization phase, exploitation phase and coordinated exploitation phase, a few are in the conservation phase, and no county has yet entered the release phase. (2) Ecological restoration zoning of the city includes 4 zones and 9 subzones. In general, the ecological restoration zone focuses on systematic ecological restoration projects in built-up areas and strengthen comprehensive environmental improvement and treatment efforts; the ecological enhancement zone should gradually improve the implementation standards of ecological protection and restoration projects, optimize the coordination of various ecological elements, and enhance comprehensive ecological benefits; the ecological control zone should limit the intensity of territorial space development and reduce the negative impact of human activities on ecosystems; the ecological conservation zone should optimize the functions of natural ecosystems and strengthen the management of ecological reserves and the solution to ecological problems.

社会—生态系统适应性循环理论为理解人地系统结构与功能演变提供了新思路与分析框架。本文采用风险—适应能力指数评估乡村人地系统适应性,构建气候变化与政策实施双重驱动的农牧复合型乡村人地系统适应性评价体系,对1952—2017年达茂旗建旗以来乡村人地系统适应性循环演化的阶段、特征、主控因子及影响机理进行研究。结果显示：① 乡村人地系统经历了重组—快速发展阶段（1952—2002年）,人口数量增长260%,耕地面积增长13%,牲畜数量增长134%,草场面积退化增加了16.33%;快速发展—稳定守恒阶段（2003—2010年）,人口数量增长2.8%,耕地面积减少2.3%,牲畜数量减少13.6%,草场退化面积减少10.7%;稳定守恒—释放阶段（2011—2017年）,人口数量减少2.6%,耕地数量减少0.2%,牲畜数量减少10.6%,草场退化面积减少3.8%。② 乡村人地系统适应性指数时间上呈现出缓慢上升（-0.016~0.031）、缓慢下降（0.031~0.003）、快速上升（0.003~0.088）的变化过程,空间上呈现“中部高度适应、北部中度适应、南部低度适应”格局。③ 1990—2000年系统适应性演化主控因子是人均有效灌溉面积（22.31%）、人均牲畜头数（23.47%）,2005年是土地沙化程度（25.06%）、土地利用强度（21.27%）,2010—2017年是农牧民人均收入（20.08%）、人均牲畜数量（18.52%）。④ 在气候暖干化与政策实施驱动下,农牧户与乡村社区两个尺度主体相互联系构成了乡村人地系统适应性循环演化层级结构,尺度间的关联作用影响着不同尺度主体适应行为,从而影响系统适应性循环演化趋势,使系统结构与功能呈现“协调—不协调”的循环往复波动发展态势。同时,小尺度的农牧户生计适应行也深刻影响着乡村人地系统未来的演化方向。

The theory on the cyclic adaptaion between society and ecosystem sheds new light on the evolution and internal structure of human-land system. This paper introduces the risk index (RI) and adaptation capacity index (ACI) to evaluate the rural human-land system, and sets up an evaluation index system for the adaptability of rural human-land system, under the effects of climate change and policy implementation. On this basis, the stages, features, control factors, and evolution mechanism were examined for the adaptability of rural human-land system in Darhan Mumingan United Banner from 1952 to 2017. The main results are as follows: (1) The evolution of the rural human-land system can be divided into three stages, namely, the reorganization and rapid development stage from 1952 to 2002 (population: +260%; cultivated land area: +13%; livestock: +134%; degradated grassland area: +16.33%), the rapid to stable development stage from 2003 to 2010 (population: +2.8%; cultivated land area: -2.3%; livestock: -13.6%; degradated grassland area: -10.7%), and the stable to release stage from 2011 to 2017 (population: -2.6%; cultivated land area: -0.2%; livestock: -10.6%; degradated grassland area: -3.8%). (2) With the elapse of time, the ACI of the rural human-land system went through a slow rise (-0.016-0.031), a slow decline (0.031-0.003), and a rapid rise (0.003-0.088). In terms of space, the adaptability is high in the middle, moderate in the north, and low in the south. (3) The adaptability evolution of the rural human-land system was mainly controlled by the per-capita effective irrigation area (22.31%) and the per-capita number of livestocks (23.47%) from 1990 to 2000, the desertification area of land (25.06%) and the land use intensity (21.27%) from 2000 to 2005, and the per-capita income of farmers and herdsmen (20.08%) and the per-capita number of livestocks (18.52%) from 2010 to 2007. (4) Under the effects of climate change and policy implementation, the cyclic adaptaion of the rural human-land system was propelled by the interactions between two kinds of subjects: farmers and herdsmen, and rural communities. The interaction affects the adaptive behavior of the two kinds of subjects, which in turn drives the cyclic evolution of the system. As a result, the system structure and functions developed alternatively between coordinated and uncoordinated states. Small-scale adaptive behaviors of farmers and herdsmen have a profound impact on the evolution of rural human-land system.

探讨旅游地“乡土—生态”系统演化,为理解人地关系地域系统结构与功能演变提供了新思路。通过构建“乡土—生态”系统韧性评价体系,解析2005—2019年大别山革命老区旅游地“乡土—生态”系统韧性的演化阶段、过程、路径及机制。结果显示：（1）研究区旅游地“乡土—生态”系统经历了利用、保存、释放、重组适应性循环过程,分别对应旅游地迅速发展期（2005—2009年）、发展成熟期（2010—2012年）、发展过渡期（2013—2016年）和再发展初期（2017—2019年）。（2）在适应性循环过程中研究区县域的数量结构经历了以“较低水平韧性为主→高水平韧性为主”的转变,县域“乡土—生态”系统韧性水平呈波动上升趋势。（3）2005—2019年研究区旅游地“乡土—生态”系统韧性演化的驱动因子由经济层面转向社会文化层面。在内外源因素的作用下,旅游地“乡土—生态”系统韧性通过乡土资源禀赋（向心凝聚力）、经济发展基础（核心推动力）、社会保障功能（重要支撑力）和自然环境本底（基础约束力）的四维驱动,以人的行为为媒介在相互作用和掣肘中演进,当韧性指数超过阈值时其内核组织将打破原有边界、自我调适实现“路径突破”,进入下一阶段适应性循环,以此促进旅游地的可持续发展。