Against the backdrop of China's strategic transition from incremental urban expansion to stock-based quality improvement, this paper provides a systematic review and synthesis of 304 academic presentations delivered at the First Annual Conference of the Committee on Resource Activation and Urban Renewal of the China Society of Natural Resources. It comprehensively identifies the new issues, new paths, and new practices shaping contemporary research and policy innovation in this field. In terms of new issues, scholarly attention has shifted from land redevelopment and spatial optimization to institutional reform, social equity, and value reconstruction, reflecting a paradigmatic move from "material renewal" to multidimensional frameworks integrating spatial, social, and institutional dimensions. Theoretical explorations increasingly emphasize spatial justice, ecological civilization, and community resilience, laying the foundation for a more integrated understanding of resource activation. Regarding new paths, cross-disciplinary convergence around health-oriented cities, ecological transition, and digital transformation is reshaping the logic of urban renewal. These innovations mark a shift from construction-led interventions to holistic governance and human-centered development, fostering a "people-ecology-intelligence" synergy in renewal practices. As for new practices, collaborative governance among local governments, markets, and communities has emerged as the key mechanism for activating underutilized resources and improving implementation effectiveness. Institutional innovation in fiscal sustainability and land market reform provides crucial leverage for scaling up renewal outcomes. Overall, the study argues that resource activation represents not merely a technical process of spatial improvement, but a systemic restructuring of urban social relations, institutional frameworks, and value systems. By synthesizing nationwide scholarly findings, this paper outlines the evolving interaction between resource activation and urban renewal, offering theoretical insights and practical guidance for advancing China's high-quality urban transformation in the New Era.

Constructing a systematic and scientific territorial carbon accounting system is crucial for promoting the deep integration of the Dual Carbon goals with territorial spatial planning and enhancing the capacity of territorial spaces to cope with climate change. Building on a comprehensive review and comparison of existing carbon accounting systems, this study proposes a pattern-function-process framework and its methodological system, and further explores its potential applications. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Current carbon accounting systems exhibit sectoral and static characteristics, which limits their effectiveness in supporting territorial spatial governance and constrains the application of accounting results in spatial planning. Establishing a systematic and multi-dimensional territorial carbon accounting framework can effectively enhance the planning adaptability of carbon accounting outcomes and provide theoretical support for low-carbon-oriented territorial spatial planning. (2) The core of the pattern-function-process framework for territorial carbon accounting lies in coupling natural and anthropogenic mechanisms, conducting carbon accounting from three levels: total volume, classification, and dynamics. Specifically, total accounting clarifies the baseline pattern of regional carbon budget; classification accounting identifies spatial variations in carbon emissions and carbon flows according to spatial functions; and dynamic accounting reveals the temporal evolution of carbon processes across different development stages of territorial space. By comprehensively characterizing the source-sink-storage-flow processes, this framework enhances the systematicity, regional comparability, and dynamic adaptability of territorial carbon accounting. (3) In the future, efforts should focus on deepening the scenario-based applications of the pattern-function-process framework for territorial carbon accounting across multiple domains, while developing a digital carbon governance system that spans the entire process of territorial spatial planning and management. Such efforts will facilitate the application of carbon accounting in low-carbon spatial pattern optimization, carbon flow simulation and responsibility allocation, and carbon dynamics monitoring and risk prevention, thereby providing systematic support for low-carbon territorial spatial planning under the global climate governance.

Low-carbon technologies serve as a key pathway for unlocking the emission reduction and carbon sequestration potential of comprehensive land consolidation, playing a vital role in advancing China's "dual carbon" goals. However, a systematic review of low-carbon technologies for comprehensive land consolidation in China remains lacking. With the research boundary of low-carbon technologies for comprehensive land consolidation clearly defined, this study conducted a bibliometric analysis of patents and academic literature to systematically examine key technical areas, development stages, research actors and modes, and research hotspots, thereby synthesizing major technological progress and future trends.The results show that: (1) Research on low-carbon technologies for comprehensive land consolidation mainly focuses on three directions: agricultural land consolidation, construction land consolidation, and ecological protection and restoration. The key technical areas include soil improvement, irrigation and drainage, demolition and reconstruction, rural human settlement enhancement, and water environment management. (2) The development of these technologies is closely aligned with China's land consolidation practices. It has undergone a slow stage from 1996 to 2006, a steady growth stage from 2007 to 2016, and a rapid growth stage from 2017 to 2024. The research focus has continuously broadened in line with the deepening conceptual connotations of land consolidation. (3) Although the technical system has been preliminarily established, further efforts are needed to strengthen research and innovation in emerging and underdeveloped areas, and to enhance the functional adaptability and systemic coordination of key technical areas. In the future, it is imperative to establish a synergistic mechanism integrating patent research and development, pilot application, and academic evaluation, so as to continuously advance the innovation, application and transformation of low-carbon technologies for comprehensive land consolidation, thereby providing a scientific and feasible pathway to support the realization of China's "dual carbon" goals.

Farmland abandonment and its reutilisation constitute a core challenge for global sustainable land management, critically impacting food security and the achievement of the 'Zero Hunger' goal under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To systematically understand the research trajectory and future trends in this field, this paper comprehensively reviews studies on farmland abandonment and reutilisation. The research indicates that: (1) Existing studies have made significant progress in identifying abandoned farmland, primarily employing three methods: field surveys, literature meta-analysis, and remote sensing. Farmland abandonment is driven by a complex interplay of socio-economic, biophysical, and policy-institutional factors. However, research on the long-term, nonlinear effects of abandonment on socio-economic and ecological systems remains relatively insufficient, and some impacts are still subject to debate. (2) Reutilizing abandoned farmland faces multi-dimensional challenges, including imperfect policy systems, inadequate governance efficacy, insufficient motivation among potential users, and prominent risks to sustainable utilization. Addressing these requires systematic solutions: refining top-level design, standardizing policy implementation, activating the motivation of diverse stakeholders, and strengthening engineering and technological support. (3) Reutilisation pathways can be categorized into agricultural uses, ecological uses, and construction uses. The selection among these pathways necessitates careful trade-offs among multidimensional benefits, including food security, farmer livelihoods, and ecological conservation. (4) Current research still exhibits shortcomings in theoretical frameworks, modeling methodologies, regional adaptation models, and governance effectiveness. Future research should deepen theoretical integration, innovate data modeling approaches, evaluate the synergistic benefits of policy combinations, and promote the systematic categorization of regional models. This will provide academic support for safeguarding food security, fostering sustainable rural development, and advancing ecological civilization.

Watershed ecological protection compensation is an important part of China's ecological civilization construction. A systematic review on watershed ecological protection compensation at home and abroad can provide scientific support for practical exploration. Based on clarifying the characteristics of watershed ecological protection compensation, this paper conducts a literature review and research prospect of watershed ecological protection compensation from the aspects of compensation mechanism and benefits. The results show that: (1) The fluidity of water, the "three-life" attributes of water resources, and the complexity of ecosystem are typical characteristics of watershed ecological protection compensation. They identify the key research points as multi-stakeholder game analysis, compensation standard calculation, and compensation benefit assessment. (2) While research on mechanisms of watershed ecological protection compensation has developed mature methods for calculating compensation standards, these approaches often have limited practical applicability. The studies on the stakeholders' behaviors mainly focus on inter-governmental games, but pay little attention to other stakeholders and related incentives. Research into the benefits of watershed ecological protection compensation includes ecological-environmental benefits and economic-social benefits. However, the evaluation indicators of the studies on the ecological-environmental benefits are relatively single, and the results of the studies on the economic-social benefits remain controversial. (3) For future research on watershed ecological protection compensation, this paper recommends a multi-pronged approach, including the development of practice-oriented compensation standards, in-depth analysis of multi-stakeholder behaviors, expanded evaluation perspectives on compensation benefits, as well as greater attention to policy synergy effects.

With the global population growth and rapid economic development, food demand continues to rise, making food security and sustainable development a central focus worldwide. However, food security faces severe challenges due to cultivated land degradation and climate change. Therefore, it is of great strategic significance to enhance the productivity of existing cultivated land and rationally develop reserve resources such as saline-alkali soils to ensure food security. However, the evaluation of production potential is mainly focused on cultivated land, while methods for assessing production potential improvement in saline-alkali soils remain limited. This paper systematically reviews the process of evaluating the production potential improvement of saline-alkali soils. First, an evaluation system for production potential of saline-alkali soils was developed, incorporating climate, agriculture, soil, and terrain, and introduced the indicators for each factor. Subsequently, this study evaluated the effectiveness of various measures in improving salinization indicators and crop yield. Then, an evaluation framework of production potential of saline-alkali soils suitable for regional scale was preliminarily constructed. Future research on enhancing production potential of saline-alkali soils can establish a digital platform to integrate multi-source data, enabling integrated dynamic monitoring of saline-alkali environment and crop growth. Effective management of saline-alkali soils requires differentiated measures tailored to distinct regional conditions, along with the development of region-specific dynamic evaluation systems. This study aims to systematically review evaluation indicators and improvement measures for the production potential of saline-alkali soils, and to preliminarily establish an evaluation framework for enhancing the production potential of saline-alkali soils at the regional scale. This study provides a reference for assessing the enhancement of production potential of saline-alkali soils, thereby promoting the effective utilization of saline-alkali soils resources and sustainable agricultural development.

This paper proposes a theoretical framework for explaining the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature from the perspective of social well-being. On this basis, a harmonious coexistence degree model is established to evaluate the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Spatial analysis methods are employed to analyze the evolutionary characteristics of the human-nature harmonious coexistence degree, and the spatial effects of influencing factors are revealed. The results show that: (1) From the perspective of social well-being, the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature takes dialectical unity as its logical starting point and bidirectional mutual nourishment as its operational mechanism. By quantifying "harmonious coexistence", it provides a unified standard for evaluating the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. (2) China's human-nature harmonious coexistence degree shows a steady upward trend, transitioning from mild to moderate-high harmonious coexistence. The western region has the highest harmonious coexistence degree, while the central region has the lowest, with a distinct "central collapse" characteristic. (3) The human-nature harmonious coexistence degree of the 31 provincial-level regions presents positive growth, among which Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Jiangsu rank leading positions nationwide. The harmonious coexistence between humans and nature exhibits spatial correlation, showing a spatial association pattern characterized by "regional homogeneous development as the mainstay and regional heterogeneous development as the supplement". (4) Promoting urbanization construction, enhancing scientific and technological innovation capabilities, optimizing the industrial structure, and improving the level of opening-up to the outside world have positive promoting effects on the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, while increasing the fiscal decentralization of local governments exerts a negative inhibitory effect on it.

The evaluation and classification of rural modernization development levels is a hot topic in rural revitalization research and can provide a scientific basis for the classification and phased implementation of rural revitalization strategies. Taking Zhejiang province, a demonstration area for common prosperity, as an example, this paper constructs a rural modernization evaluation index system from four dimensions: industrial system, public service, quality of life, and governance system. The entropy method measures the rural modernization level of 52 counties in Zhejiang province from 2011 to 2022 and explores its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics, type identification, driving factors, and optimization paths. The results show that: (1) The overall level of rural modernization development in Zhejiang counties presents a temporal evolution of "medium-sized and steadily improving" and a spatial gradient of "high in the east and low in the west, cluster locking". Among them, the modernization of the industrial system and the modernization of quality of life are leading; the modernization of public services is relatively lagging, and the modernization of the governance system still has room for improvement. (2) Government intervention, economic level, social development, technological progress, industrial base, and transportation facilities have significant spatial heterogeneity on rural modernization, which is manifested as a spatial differentiation feature of overlapping strips and sheets. (3) Based on their overall level of rural modernization and dimensional characteristics, the 52 counties are categorized into four development types: lagging development, single-dimensional dominant, dual-dimensional driven, and multi-dimensional comprehensive. Accordingly, this paper proposes a rural modernization pathway tailored to local conditions, offering both theoretical insights and practical references for advancing comprehensive revitalization and high-quality rural development in Zhejiang and similar regions nationwide.

Understanding the synergistic relationship between specialty industries and their role in fostering a beautiful, harmonious countryside while improving people's well-being is a critical issue. It lies at the heart of advancing rural revitalization and building sustainable rural communities. This study constructs a theoretical framework for analyzing synergistic integration. Using Changputang village in Fenghuang county as a case site, and employing interviews and grounded theory, it explores the mechanisms and pathways through which specialty industries in ethnic regions can foster a beautiful, harmonious countryside while improving people's well-being. The results indicate that: (1) In the process of synergistic integration, specialty industries serve as the primary driving force for rural socio-economic development, promoting the construction of "livable" and "livelihood-friendly" beautiful and harmonious countryside, and playing a crucial role in "stabilizing enterprises, employment, and markets". (2) During the process of synergistic integration, a five-tiered synergistic integration mechanism is formed, combining industry, entities, ecology, villages, markets and government. (3) Through five pathways, talent-led development, integration of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, strengthening of village collective economies, regional cluster development, and government-led inclusive infrastructure construction, the study promotes the development of specialty industries, drives the construction of beautiful and harmonious countryside, and achieves improvements in people's well-being. The research findings provide new insights and practical case references for exploring driving the construction of beautiful and harmonious countryside and improving people's well-being in ethnic regions.

Empowering rural revitalization through the return migrant population is a critical measure to address the challenges of rural brain drain and hollowing-out, stimulate endogenous development momentum, and achieve comprehensive rural revitalization. Utilizing methods such as comprehensive evaluation models and fixed-effects models, this study investigates the empowering effects and mechanisms of return migrants on rural revitalization in the Jianghan Plain from 2013 to 2022. The results showed that: (1) From 2013 to 2022, the scale of return migrants in the study area exhibited fluctuating trends, with a spatial distribution characterized by "higher in the south and lower in the north." The level of rural revitalization showed a significant overall increase, demonstrating a development pattern of "multi-core driving, comprehensive growth" across the region. (2) Return migrants have a significantly positive driving effect on rural revitalization, a conclusion that remains robust after a series of reliability and endogeneity tests. (3) Return migrants contribute to rural development and empower rural revitalization primarily through promoting prosperous rural industries, assisting in achieving ecological livability, guiding the advancement of rural civilization, facilitating effective rural governance, and enhancing affluent living standards in rural areas. The research findings can provide theoretical support and practical reference for effectively promoting the participation of returning migrants in rural construction, optimizing empowerment pathways, and thereby achieving endogenous sustainable development of rural areas.

Industrial structure transformation represents a critical pathway for resource-based cities to overcome the "resource curse". This study examined 114 resource-based cities in China from 2012 to 2022 to investigate the influence mechanism of technological factor evolution on industrial structure transformation. The findings indicated that the horizontal evolution of technological factors significantly promoted industrial structure transformation. While vertical evolution initially inhibited industrial structure transformation, it ultimately enhanced the positive effect of horizontal evolution, thereby generating a synergistic interaction between the two dimensions of technological factors. Mechanism analysis revealed that enhancing human capital, advancing the deep integration of digital and real economies, and fostering green technological innovation constituted three key channels through which technological factor evolution drove industrial restructuring. Heterogeneity analysis further showed that the impact of technological factor evolution was more pronounced in cities without environmental policy pilot status, those with more developed data factors, and those with stronger talent attraction. The conclusions of this study offered valuable implications for promoting industrial transformation through the structural evolution of technological factors and facilitating comprehensive industrial upgrading.

Guiding tourists to adopt heritage responsibility behaviors is a critical measure for ensuring the sustainability of agricultural cultural heritage. By combining the cognitive affective affective theory and value-belief-norm theory, this study integrates tourists' rational cognition and subjective emotions to construct a theoretical framework of the driving mechanism underlying heritage responsibility behavior in agricultural cultural heritage sites. The proposed mechanisms are then empirically tested using regression analysis. The results show that heritage responsibility behavior is directly influenced by self-interest, altruism, ecological value cognition, heritage identity, and social responsibility. Both heritage identity and social responsibility play significant mediating roles—individually and sequentially—in the relationship between tourists' value cognition and heritage responsibility behavior. Moral norms have positive and negative regulatory effects on ecological benefits, self-interested value cognition, and heritage responsibility behavior, respectively, but show no regulatory effect on altruistic value cognition. The article improves the mechanism for the formation of tourist heritage responsibility behavior and extends it to the context of agricultural cultural heritage tourism. The proposed countermeasures can provide reference for driving sustainable tourism behavior among tourists and sustainable development of heritage sites.

National parks represent the highest form of recognition and protection afforded to ecosystems at the national level. As iconic and awe-inspiring natural landscapes, they serve as vital settings for eliciting and nurturing tourists' experiences of awe, playing a significant role in fostering pro-environmental values from a spiritual perspective, as well as functioning as a cornerstone of nature education. Understanding the awe experienced by visitors within national parks helps uncover the underlying psychological and spiritual dynamics of the human-environment interaction in these unique contexts. While the measurement of awe has been extensively studied in psychology and validated across diverse cultural settings, there remains a lack of context-specific instruments tailored to tourism settings and the practical needs of China's national park system. This gap impedes the effective integration of emotional measurement with managerial applications, limiting parks' ability to accurately assess visitors' experiential engagement with nature. Grounding our research in the tripartite conceptual model of "Aesthetics-Reason-Belief" dimensions of tourist awe, this study developed and validated a multidimensional scale specific to national park visitors, taking Qinghai Lake National Park as a case area. Following a systematic scale development protocol, a 17-item measurement tool across 3 dimensions was constructed, demonstrating strong reliability, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. The aesthetics includes 7 items, representing visitors' subjective evaluations and perceptions of the extent to which the overall landscape of the national park meets aesthetic standards. The reason includes 6 items, representing the cognitive inspiration that the national park experience provides to visitors. The belief includes 4 items, representing visitors' confidence in the relationship between themselves and nature. By empirically verifying the conceptual framework of tourist awe, this study provides a pioneering effort in unraveling the internal structure of awe in nature-based tourism contexts. The resulting scale offers a quantitative instrument for future research, while simultaneously contributing theoretical insights and practical guidance for enhancing human-land interactions and supporting the educational mission of national parks.

The construction of national-level urban agglomerations, as a key strategic layout for regional development, serves as a vital engine driving the transition to a low-carbon economy. Based on panel data from 282 cities spanning the years 2009 to 2023, this study employs a progressive difference-in-differences model to examine the impact of national-level urban agglomeration construction on the synergistic development of carbon reduction and economic growth. It further explores the distance decay effect from the "core-periphery" perspective. The results indicate that: (1) The construction of national-level urban agglomerations can significantly and robustly promote the synergistic development of carbon reduction and economic growth, while also facilitating collaborative emissions reduction and common prosperity. (2) The synergistic effects of carbon reduction and growth achieved through national-level urban agglomeration construction are realized via two main channels: urban linkage (enhancing economic connectivity, optimizing functional division, and driving market integration) and urban development (alleviating resource misallocation, promoting green innovation, and advancing industrial upgrading). (3) The synergistic effects of carbon reduction and growth resulting from national-level urban agglomeration construction exhibit heterogeneity across urban agglomerations at different developmental stages, as well as across cities with varying locations and hierarchical ranks. (4) The natural, administrative, and socio-cultural barriers between peripheral cities and core cities can weaken the synergistic effects of carbon reduction and growth brought about by the construction of national-level urban agglomerations.

Digital-intelligent development, as a core engine for reshaping the new pattern of economic growth, provides new pathways for the low-carbon transition of energy consumption. Based on panel data of 283 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2023, this study employs a range of econometric models—including two-way fixed effects, mediation, panel quantile regression, panel threshold, and spatial econometric models—to empirically investigate the impact and mechanisms of digital-intelligent development on the low-carbon transformation of energy consumption. The findings indicate that: (1) Digital-intelligent development facilitates the low-carbon transition of energy consumption by accelerating the dual processes of "replacing coal with oil and gas" and "substituting fossil fuels with clean energy". This conclusion remains robust after a series of robustness tests. (2) The energy transition effects of digital-intelligent development exhibit notable heterogeneity, with a pronounced "first-mover advantage" in cities characterized by higher levels of clean energy consumption, non-key environmental protection cities, non-old industrial bases, and coastal cities. (3) Digital-intelligent development functions through three mechanisms: efficiency enhancement, factor support, and clean production. In terms of efficiency enhancement, it significantly improves both energy utilization and allocation efficiency. In terms of factor support, it strengthens the supply of green capital and green innovation factors. In terms of clean production, it facilitates industrial upgrading and collaborative agglomeration. (4) The energy transition effect of digital-intelligent development exhibits nonlinear characteristics. It demonstrates asymmetric impacts at different stages of energy transition, revealing an "inclusive effect". Moreover, under the triple constraints of performance assessment, fiscal balance, and public opinion pressure, threshold effects are observed. Excessive performance pressure may crowd out the transformation effect, whereas rising fiscal pressure can stimulate local governments to foster new growth drivers through digital-intelligent means. Social opinion pressure exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship. Additionally, digital-intelligent development generates a "peer effect" on the low-carbon transformation of energy consumption in neighboring regions, yet this spatial spillover effect decays beyond approximately 170 kilometers.

Based on the sustainable livelihood framework, analyzing the relationship between ecological compensation policy and farmers' livelihood resilience is of great significance for ensuring the effectiveness of ecological compensation policy implementation and improving farmers' well-being. Taking farmers in the surrounding areas of Maoershan Nature Reserve in Guangxi as a research object, and using micro data from household surveys and structural equation model, this study explores the impact mechanism of ecological compensation policy on farmers' livelihood resilience, with focus on examining the mediating effects of coping behavior and the moderating effects of endogenous motivation. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Ecological compensation policy is closely related to farmers' livelihood capital, coping behavior, and livelihood resilience. The ecological compensation policy has a positive impact on farmers' livelihood capital, which enhances their coping behavior and livelihood resilience, and coping behavior strengthens their livelihood resilience. (2) The livelihood capital and coping behavior of farmers play a significant mediating role in the mechanism of livelihood resilience, and there exists a chain mediated impact path. Livelihood capital can mediate the relationship between ecological compensation and coping behavior, as well as the relationship between ecological compensation and livelihood resilience. Furthermore, coping behaviors mediate the relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood resilience. (3) The endogenous driving force plays an important moderating role in the relationship between ecological compensation and farmers' financial capital, and the moderating effect of spiritual driving force is stronger than that of capable driving force. This is mainly reflected in the fact that the stronger the motivation of farmers to actively participate in ecological compensation, the stronger the positive moderating effect of spiritual driving force, and that the weaker the dependence of farmers' livelihood strategies on agricultural production, the stronger the positive moderating effect of instrumental driving forces.

Water resources, water environment, and water ecology form an interconnected organic whole. Promoting the integrated governance of these three elements is the fundamental pathway to constructing beautiful rivers and lakes. Building upon an expanded TOE attribution model, a holistic TOSE theoretical framework was constructed to explain the influencing factors of integrated water governance. Using a coupling coordination degree model, the effectiveness of integrated water governance at the provincial level in China from 2012 to 2023 was measured, and dynamic fsQCA was employed to examine governance pathways. The results indicate that: (1) During the sample period, the coupling coordination degree of integrated water governance in 23 provincial-level regions achieved gradient leapfrogging, though overall it remains at a low level. Regional development gaps have gradually widened, with the Yangtze River Delta emerging as a "pioneering zone" for water ecological civilization construction. (2) The TOSE theoretical framework demonstrates applicability in explaining the driving factors of integrated water governance. Governance effectiveness relies on the synergistic optimization of four groups of factors: technological foundations, organizational management, social participation, and economic environment. (3) The driving pathways for integrated water governance include three types: policy-driven + social linkage, policy-driven + economic propulsion, and policy-driven + technology pull. Ineffective pathways consist of two types: imbalanced policy objectives and deficient policy implementation. (4) Substitutability exists among the conditional variables of driving pathways, but their effectiveness is premised on organizational management conditions. The operational modes of driving pathways exhibit phased characteristics: during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011-2015), reliance was on policy drive; during the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020), governance depended on positive interactions between policy guidance and societal response; and during the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025), technological foundations and social participation have become key factors. The research conclusions provide a theoretical framework and practical pathways for integrated water governance.

With the evolving global governance system and shifting geopolitical dynamics, tourism has increasingly become an essential dimension in the reshaping of international order. This study examines the Huangshan Scenic Area as a case study, employing participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and literature analysis to investigate the pathways, characteristics, and logic of a scenic area's participation in global governance, particularly through its interaction with international tourism organizations. The study finds that the engagement of scenic areas in global governance unfolds through a phased progression: "rule acceptance, knowledge reconstruction, rule output". In the initial phase, the scenic area becomes embedded in the asymmetric discourse power of international organizations, where it adjusts externally imposed rules to local contexts through limited autonomy, thus achieving localization and ensuring compliance with local frameworks. In the intermediate phase, as friction arises between local practices and international ideals, the area leverages accumulated local experiences, internalizes and re-expresses rules, and undergoes a process of governance knowledge reconstruction. This phase sees an upgrading of governance capabilities, with the scenic area gradually asserting its governance discourse through international exchanges. In the final phase, the area standardizes its experiential knowledge, expands its global networks, and actively shapes international agendas, driving the global dissemination of local governance knowledge and achieving a feedback loop in rule development. This process not only allows the scenic area to contribute to the formation of global governance structures but also enables it to assert its influence within these structures. This case study underscores the active role of scenic areas in reverse knowledge production and the shaping of global governance rules. It demonstrates how tourism destinations in developing countries, often at the periphery of global governance, have the potential to break free from knowledge marginalization, thereby contributing meaningfully to global tourism governance. The study highlights the evolving nature of governance interactions and the increasing importance of local knowledge in global decision-making processes, offering valuable insights into the broader dynamics of tourism governance in the context of global power shifts.

Promoting the high-quality development of ski tourism resorts is crucial for China's ice-snow economy. This study identifies both opportunities and structural dilemmas in this process, clarifies the empowerment mechanism through new quality productive forces, constructs an empirical model using Chongli as a case, and proposes actionable pathways.The findings indicate that: (1) Ski tourism resorts currently face six structural dilemmas: a misalignment between strong policy impetus and inefficient grassroots implementation; opportunities for industrial integration versus insufficient connotative innovation; empowerment by digital and intelligent technologies alongside challenges in inclusive transformation; green and low-carbon transition constrained by climate and environmental factors; surging market demand coupled with a shortage of professional talent; and regional collaboration opportunities coexisting with product homogeneity. (2) The empowerment mechanism operates through technology-driven development, factor transformation, and industrial integration. Technological innovation provides the driving force, factor transformation applies technology into practice, and industrial integration achieves systemic upgrading. These three components interact synergistically, collectively propelling resorts toward high-quality development. (3) Using Chongli as a case study, a high-quality development model empowered by new quality productive forces is established, encompassing three key dimensions: high-quality industrial development, spatial collaborative governance, and proactive adaptation to climate change. (4) Four targeted pathways are proposed: formulating cross-departmental policies oriented toward new quality productive forces; driving market cultivation and marketing through digital and intelligent technologies; building a composite talent system aligned with the needs of new quality productive forces and establishing a regional collaboration mechanism supported by such forces. This study provides theoretical insights and practical references for the sustainable development.

The successful hosting of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics has promoted the rapid development of China's ice and snow industry, which is facing a transformation from scale expansion to quality improvement in the post-Winter Olympics Era. Based on the development status and policy evolution of China's ice and snow industry from a supply-demand perspective, this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system snow industry using the push-pull theory, incorporating both endogenous thrust and exogenous pull. It systematically examines the synergistic effect of key indicators such as equipment manufacturing industry agglomeration, human capital density index, and ice and snow infrastructure density, and reveals the factor allocation patterns and development paths of the industry across three major regions (Northeast China, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Yangtze River Delta) during the Beijing Winter Olympics, highlighting interregional industrial chain interactions. The results indicate that China's ice and snow industry is showing an overall positive development trend, with industrial integration effects gradually becoming apparent, ice and snow tourism revenue showing sustained growth, and consumption potential being effectively unleashed—though further exploration is still needed. From the perspective of regional development pattern, the three provinces of Northeast China maintain a leading position in the construction of ice and snow infrastructure by virtue of their natural resource advantages, but the agglomeration of equipment manufacturing industry has declined; The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has fully benefited from the legacy effect of the Winter Olympics and has performed well in event coordination and ice and snow education. The Yangtze River Delta region has shown a strong late-mover advantage through the construction of indoor venues and technological innovation in equipment manufacturing. Accordingly, this paper proposes a three-dimensional high-quality development path for the ice and snow industry characterized by "supply-demand synergy and regional linkage", providing a theoretical basis and policy reference for cultivating new quality productive forces in the ice and snow economy and advancing the national strategy of building China into a leading ice and snow nation.

Amid the boom of southerners traveling north for ice and snow tourism, a central challenge for sustainable development is how northern destinations seize these opportunities and how southern destinations engage in exchange and mutual learning with their northern counterparts. Drawing on more than 50000 tourist reviews from 61 destinations, this study applies text sentiment analysis, structural topic model, hierarchical clustering, and fuzzy‑set Qualitative Comparative Analysis to identify experiential dimensions, compare relative strengths and weaknesses under varying conditions, and examine drivers of positive and negative sentiment across northern and southern destinations. The findings are: (1) A total of 22 topics related to the experiences of ice and snow tourists can be categorized into seven dimensions. Among these topics, "animal performances" have received insufficient attention in extant literature. (2) The advantages of southern ice and snow tourism destinations lie in "scenic spot services and image", while the advantages of northern ice and snow tourism destinations lie in "ice and snow leisure and entertainment". The evolution of ice and snow tourism destinations is a dynamic process of balancing "relying on natural endowments" and "optimizing service experience". (3) The reasons for the positive or negative sentiments of tourists in northern and southern ice and snow tourism destinations are complex and vary from region to region. These sentiments are the result of the multidimensional interaction of ice and snow tourism experiences. The study offers theoretical and practical insights for the ice and snow tourism market, facilitating the comprehension of tourist needs and the optimization of regional targeting. (4) "Family experience" and other factors are significant conditions for fostering positive sentiment among tourists, while "cost and risk" and other factors are important causes of negative sentiment among tourists. (5) The reasons for tourists' positive or negative sentiments in northern and southern ice and snow tourism destinations are complex and vary from region to region. These sentiments are the result of the multidimensional interaction of ice and snow tourism experiences. The study provides theoretical and practical insights for understanding tourist needs and optimizing regional targeting in the ice and snow tourism market.

In the process of modernizing the territorial space governance system, rural territorial space serves as a key field for the evolution of human-land relationships, and the value realization of its resources has become a core proposition for addressing the urban-rural dual structure and achieving sustainable development. This study introduces the perspective of the three elements of spatial performance, namely "cost-output-resilience". Starting from the deconstruction of the multi-dimensional attribute characteristics and the connotation of value realization of rural territorial space resources, this study clarifies the internal connection between their value realization and the improvement of spatial performance. Based on the practical dilemmas in the current value realization practice, this study constructs a logical framework for the coordinated development of the two, and further explores the operational paths for value realization. The study finds that: (1) The attributes of rural territorial spatial resources serve not only as the fundamental support for their valorization process but also as crucial constraints. The former, based on the characteristics of unbalanced development and utilization, multi-dimensional value features, and scarcity of product supply, fundamentally define the latter's logic of value composition, practical implementation paths, and potential value levels. In essence, the valorization of rural territorial space resources is the systematic identification, transformation, and manifestation of the diverse values embodied in their attributes. Thus, the two do not exist in isolation; instead, they form a tight causal chain. (2) The three core contradictions arising in the process of value realization of rural territorial space resources, namely hidden costs, inefficient utilization, and disordered factor linkage, have a clear corresponding relationship with the three elements of spatial performance improvement. Furthermore, the two are deeply coupled in terms of goal coordination, two-way dynamic interaction, and jointly dependent factors. (3) The operational paths for the value realization of rural territorial spatial resources cannot be separated from the overall consideration and coordinated promotion of the three elements of spatial performance. Specifically, the cost dimension is measured by both explicit and implicit costs to optimize decision-making; the output dimension is enhanced through improved capacity utilization to boost conversion efficiency; and the resilience dimension is strengthened by factor linkage and three-dimensional governance to mitigate systemic risks.

As an important carrier for maintaining ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation, national parks have gradually become core areas for ecological protection worldwide. Effectively controlling human activities and mitigating their adverse effects on habitat quality is an important way to promote the scientific construction, management and sustainable development of national parks. Based on the land use and human footprint data of the candidate areas of Shennongjia National Park in 2000, 2010 and 2020, the spatiotemporal patterns of habitat quality and human activities were analyzed. The bivariate spatial autocorrelation and geographically weighted regression methods were used to explore the impact of human activities on the habitat quality of the national park. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the overall habitat quality of the candidate areas of​​Shennongjia National Park showed a trend of first decreasing and then slowly increasing, and more than 90% of the areas still maintained a relatively high or high habitat quality level. Except for the Xingshan Wanchaoshan Nature Reserve, where the habitat quality increased by 0.211%, the habitat quality of other nature reserves decreased slightly. (2) From 2000 to 2020, human activities in the candidate areas of Shennongjia National Park remained at a relatively low level and relatively stable, and the average human footprint index decreased from 5.424 to 5.233. The areas with low, relatively high, and high human activity levels in the candidate areas continued to expand, up by 8.651%, 0.961%, and 0.414%, respectively. (3) The overall impact of human activity on habitat quality in the candidate areas of Shennongjia National Park was negative and the degree of impact gradually deepened. However, in the Xingshan Wanchao Mountain Nature Reserve and the Badong Golden Monkey Nature Reserve within the park, the appropriate growth of human activities promoted the improvement of habitat quality.

The economic growth effect of regional strategic superposition deserves in-depth exploration. Using unbalanced panel data of 1859 county-level units in China from 2010 to 2022 and multi-period difference-in-differences model, this study investigated the impact of the combined ecological protection and targeted poverty alleviation policies on the county-level economic growth. The research finds that the combined policies exert a synergistic effect so as to promote the county-level economic growth, while collectively circumventing the fallacies of composition and decomposition. The superimposition of dual policies can promote county-level economic growth through two primary channels: industrial synergy and fiscal synergy. Reducing the degree of industrial agglomeration can achieve a crowding-out effect on the county-level economic growth. Counties that implemented ecological protection prior to targeted poverty alleviation exhibit a stronger economic growth effect than those implementing the policies in the reverse order. The promoting effect of the superimposition of dual policies on the economic growth of counties varies due to differences in the types of ecological function zones, ethnic minorities, deep poverty, the development level of ecological industries, and spatio-temporal dimensions of counties.Based on this, relevant policy suggestions are put forward.

The reform of the rural residential land system has long been a critical issue in the study of Chinese rural affairs, and its importance has become increasingly prominent within the context of the rural revitalization strategy. In response to the relative lack of research on how this reform empowers rural revitalization, this paper selects Dayu county in Jiangxi province, a national pilot area for rural residential land system reform, as a case study. Using qualitative methods such as documentary analysis, field investigations, and semi-structured interviews, this study examines the process and mechanisms through which the residential land reform enables rural revitalization. The findings reveal that the key actors involved in this empowerment process include governments at various levels, rural grassroots communities, and social capital. The process unfolds around three main actors through three stages: policy implementation by local governments, institutional practice through collaborative self-governance at the grassroots level, and policy response via industrial embedding by social capital actors. Throughout this process, the subjectivity construction of rural communities, the embedded governance of governmental institutions, and the capital allocation and market linkages facilitated by enterprises serve as the internal, external, and core forces, respectively, enabling rural revitalization through the reform. Together, these elements form a three-dimensional (institution-capital-community) framework that drives reform and contributes to rural revitalization. This research offers theoretical and policy implications for the scientific, rational, and efficient utilization of rural residential land and provides directions for advancing rural revitalization.

Against the backdrop of the construction of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA), agricultural trade between China and ASEAN plays a significant role in maintaining regional and even global food security. This study employs the Social Network Analysis (SNA) in conjunction with the Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP) method to scrutinize the structural characteristics and driving factors of the agricultural product trade network between China and ASEAN countries. The research findings reveal that: (1) The agricultural products trade network between China and ASEAN is experiencing a continuous expansion in scale and complexity. Furthermore, its structure is gradually evolving from a dual-core model to a single-center model, with China emerging as the central node in this regional food supply network. (2) The escalating connectivity within this trade network is characterized by a heightened degree of clustering coefficients and a notable enhancement in reachability. Overall, it embodies the quint essential "small world" network attributes. (3) In terms of primary trading partners, the core agricultural products trade circle of China within the ASEAN region is comprised of Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. In terms of primary trade categories, crops such as grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, natural rubber, and animal and plant oils and fats occupy a dominant position in bilateral agricultural product trade flows and value chains. (4) The establishment and evolution of trade relations are jointly influenced by socioeconomic factors and alliance relationships. Concurrently, geographical accessibility plays a pivotal role in shaping the dynamic variations in trade intensity. In light of the aforementioned research findings, China should deepen its economic collaboration with ASEAN members. Through collaborative efforts, they can establish a robust and efficient agricultural trade system with enhanced risk mitigation mechanisms. In the future, China ought to further strengthen agricultural product trade with ASEAN countries and bolster the robustness of agricultural supply chains.

Based on the "Greater Food" perspective, this study systematically explores the characteristics of China's agricultural use, which is highly significant for ensuring national food security and optimizing agricultural spatial utilization. By integrating the EBM-GML model, a convergence model, and the spatial mismatch index, this study examines China's agricultural total factor productivity (ATFP) from the perspective of the "Greater Food" concept. It analyzes both its dynamic evolution and spatial mismatch patterns, and then identifies associated types of agricultural land use issues. The results indicate that: (1) From 2014 to 2022, China's ATFP showed an overall increasing trend, driven primarily by technical efficiency, and was marked by a pattern of "high in the east, moderate in the center, and low in the west". (2) There was absolute β-convergence and conditional β-convergence over time, with the central region demonstrating the fastest convergence rate. (3) Chinese provinces have small differences in the spatial mismatch between ATFP and technical efficiency, mainly characterized by low and medium mismatch types, which were primarily distributed in the western region and the central grain-producing areas. Meanwhile, regions with positive mismatch types of ATFP and technological advancement showed an increasing and agglomerating trend. (4) Five problematic region types were identified based on comparisons of total factor productivity, technical efficiency and technological advancement in agricultural space, and corresponding countermeasures are proposed for each type of problematic region. It is suggested to take the "Greater Food" perspective as the guiding principle and formulate differentiated policies for agricultural spatial utilization transformation, based on regional resource endowments and local characteristics.

To interpret the intrinsic relationship between the order of desertification control and the order of residents' production and life from the perspective of residents' subjectivity is of great practical significance for promoting sustainable ecology restoration in karst mountainous areas. This study takes Zhenfeng county, Guizhou province as the research area, and identifies typical villages for desertification control through remote sensing interpretation. Based on the theoretical framework of cultural ecosystem services, an evaluation index system for village residents' perception of desertification control is constructed. Regression models are used to examine the impact of residents' perception of desertification control on cultural benefits, and to delineate the mechanism through which cultural benefits for village residents are shaped under such initiatives. Results indicate that: (1) Village residents have shown a positive feedback trend towards the effectiveness of desertification control. (2) The three variables that characterize the perception of environmental space governance have a significant positive impact on the level of cultural ecosystem benefits. From the perspective of sub-dimensional effects, there is a correlation between the perception of cultural benefits and the interaction characteristics between space and residents. (3) The two variables representing perceptions of cultural practice reshaping both exhibit a significant positive effect on the level of cultural ecosystem benefits, though their influences vary across different sub‑dimensions. Among them, the impact of reshaping perception through leisure activities on ability development is not significant. (4) Under the influence of desertification control initiatives, the cultural ecosystem benefits for village residents emerge through a sequential mechanism: "governance project implementation → community practice response → cultural ecosystem benefits generation." This pathway further promotes the expansion of governance objectives from ecological restoration to broader community development.

Exploring the impact of climate change and human activities on grain production efficiency is of great significance for ensuring national food security and promoting regional sustainable development. This study takes 135 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) as research units and uses relevant data from 1990 to 2022. The Super Slack Based Measure (Super-SBM) model is applied to measure the level of grain production efficiency, and further analyses are conducted using the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model and Pearson correlation method to systematically examine the impact effect of climate change and human activity factors. The results show that: (1) From 1990 to 2022, grain production efficiency in the YRB exhibited a slow upward trend, with the average level rising from 0.4659 to 0.5990. The spatial pattern displayed a southwest-to-northeast distribution, with high-efficiency areas gradually concentrating in regions such as Hubei and Sichuan. (2) The grain production efficiency in the YRB is significantly influenced by climate change and human activities, exhibiting pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity. (3) The impacts of climatic factors are predominantly positive, concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the YRB, with the influence intensifying over time. Expansion of construction land and population agglomeration exert negative effects in the middle and lower reaches of the YRB, while showing positive impacts in certain upstream regions. Agricultural production intensity exhibits negative effects in the middle and upper reaches but positive effects in the lower reaches. Economic development exerts a negative influence across the entire basin, with relatively weak impacts in the middle and lower reaches. Accordingly, it is recommended to formulate region-specific, climate-adaptive agricultural development strategies, while optimizing patterns of human activity interventions, so as to promote high-quality and sustainable agricultural development in the YRB.