National parks, as pivotal platforms for safeguarding biodiversity, sustaining ecosystem services, and propelling sustainable development, are progressively evolving into comprehensive platforms that integrate ecological conservation, recreation, education, and science research. Nature study travel, a novel form of activity that integrates nature education with study travel, aims to guide visitors in observing, learning, and experiencing natural ecosystems to enhance their environmental awareness and ecological literacy. The functional positioning of national parks is congruent with the objectives of nature study travel, thereby enabling national parks to provide ample natural resources as a foundation for such activities while concurrently offering suitable spatial and facility support for their implementation. A systematic review of domestic and international theories and research progress on the educational utilization, recreational utilization of national parks, and study travel was conducted to inform the development of a national park nature study travel system framework. This framework comprises four major components: resources and products, operations and management, stakeholders, and support and safeguards. The text subsequently provides a synopsis of the salient research issues, including resource survey and assessment, product design, activity processes and educational effects, multi-party collaboration and community integration, institutional systems and operational performance. Finally, it proposes practical pathways for nature study travel in national parks, tailoring these pathways to China's national conditions. The objective of this study is twofold: first, to furnish the academic community with insights and inspiration; and second, to offer a scientific basis and decision-making support for the optimization of multiple functions and the institutional development of China's national parks.

The integrated development of culture and tourism is a central pillar in both the policy framework and the construction of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt. Taking the construction of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt as a quasi-natural experiment with unique research value, this study utilizes provincial panel data covering the period from 2012 to 2023 and applies the Difference-in-Differences method to examine the policy effects and the underlying mechanisms through which the initiative has influenced the regional integration of culture and tourism. The level of integrated culture-tourism development is measured using a coupling coordination model, which is predicated on composite scores of the cultural development system and the tourism development system, respectively. These composite scores are computed using the CRITIC weighting method. The findings indicate that the construction of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt significantly promoted the integrated development of culture and tourism across regions. Furthermore, the policy primarily drives such integration in an indirect manner through technological upgrading and industrial agglomeration, which together enhance the overall capacity and coordination of the culture-tourism sector. The policy effects are not uniform across regions. Stronger impacts are observed in non-municipality provinces, southern provinces, and areas with relatively low levels of resource endowment and economic development. This heterogeneity suggests that the policy may play a more catalytic role in regions with comparatively weak development foundations, helping to narrow gaps in regional development. Although a certain degree of spatial correlation is evident across the provincial-level regions along the Grand Canal Cultural Belt, the results of the analysis do not support the existence of direct geographical spillover effects. The research findings and policy recommendations presented in this paper hold significant reference value for government departments in optimizing the construction of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt, enhancing the integration of culture and tourism, and refining related policies to improve their effectiveness.

Against the backdrop of digital-driven industrial ecosystem reconstruction, this study explores how collaborative agglomeration of digital and tourism industries impacts cultural-tourism (CT) integration, with the aim of identifying pathways that transcend traditional development models and foster new poles of high-quality growth. This study employs China's provincial panel data (2012-2022), applying methods such as the coupling coordination degree model, spatial econometric model, and Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR). Key findings are: (1) The collaborative agglomeration shows an imbalanced pattern characterized by an initial "high in the east, low in the west" distribution, which later evolved into an intensified core-periphery structure. Early advantages in eastern coastal areas, driven by technology and policy, were subsequently moderated by technology diffusion, reducing inter-regional disparities. (2) This agglomeration promotes CT integration through a "local reinforcement and neighboring spillover" effect, with the strongest impacts in the eastern region and southeast of the Hu Huanyong Line. GTWR results further reveal that the western region, leveraging its resource endowment and the "East Data, West Computing" project, experiences a growing promotional effect. Conversely, the eastern region's advantage is reinforced through advanced digital applications in the later stage. (3) Threshold effects show no significant nonlinearity, with stable growth. Spatially, areas of Southeast Hu Huanyong Line have obvious synergy (backed by industrial foundations and policies), while central and western regions are hindered by weak technology and infrastructure. Notably, the west has a stronger spatial spillover effect, benefiting from "East Data, West Computing" cost advantages and rich cultural-ecological resources. This study enriches the CT integration theoretical framework and supports regional coordinated development policies. Therefore, it is vital to strengthen inter-regional technological cooperation, optimize the layout of digital infrastructure, and promote a two-way flow of "data-culture" elements to enhance national cultural-tourism integration.

The combined supply of natural resource assets is an important pathway and policy innovation for exercising the ownership responsibilities of resources held in common by all citizens and for achieving their value preservation and appreciation. Using the first "asset package" transaction in Jiujiang city, Jiangxi province as a case study, this research builds an analytical framework based on nudge theory. It analyzes how different actors applied nudging mechanisms to promote the combined supply policy from its initial conception to gradual refinement. The findings indicate two main points. Firstly, combined supply enables the synergy of multiple resource rights and functions, achieving cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and sustainability in resource use. Secondly, throughout the policy's evolution, its promoters adopted several nudging tools, including motivation, trade-off clarification, default options, feedback mechanisms, error prediction, and structural simplification, to guide stakeholders through the participatory process. In the policy conception stage, the central and provincial governments explored feasible pathways for realizing the value of state-owned natural resources. They used institutional incentives and information resources to encourage the municipal government to innovate policy design. In the implementation stage, the municipal government optimized the configuration of asset-package rights to align with market demand and simplified transaction procedures to facilitate enterprise participation. In the improvement stage, positive feedback from the upper-level governments strengthened property-rights protection and post-supply supervision mechanisms. Meanwhile, the municipal government adjusted the distribution of benefits and responsibilities through a benefit-sharing mechanism, thereby motivating county-level governments to enhance their oversight. As a result, the combined supply system reached an initial stage of institutional improvement. This study extends the application of nudge theory to the domain of natural resource management. By doing so, it uncovers the behavioral logic and internal mechanisms of combined supply practices, thereby informing the design and refinement of related policy frameworks.

With the advancement of the natural resource asset property rights system reform, the realization of the value of natural resource assets has gradually become a focal point of social attention. Based on the perspective of "asset-capital-funds" transformation, this paper constructs a theoretical framework for the assessment, price formation, and value realization of natural resource assets. It divides asset value into direct and indirect use values and combines asset value assessment with capital accounting methods to empirically analyze the degree of value realization of natural resource assets in Ankang city. The study finds that: (1) The value of natural resource assets in Ankang city is 4.768 trillion yuan, with direct use value amounting for 636.81 billion yuan, primarily from land resources (54.04%) and forest resources (35.51%); the indirect use value is 206.57 billion yuan, discounted to 4.131 trillion yuan, mainly from climate regulation (40.70%), water conservation (35.12%), and cultural services (12.14%). (2) Through market transactions, ecological compensation, and concession transactions, the capital of Ankang's natural resource assets is calculated to be 1.457 trillion yuan. (3) The annual cash realization of Ankang city's natural resource asset value is 62.26 billion yuan, discounted to 1.187 trillion yuan, with the realization shares through market transactions, concessions, and ecological compensation accounting for 53.68%, 42.17%, and 4.16%, respectively. (4) There is still room for improvement in the realization of the value of natural resource assets in Ankang, with the broad (capitalized) realization degree at 30.56% and the narrow (funded) realization degree at 24.94%. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for promoting the realization of natural resource asset value.

Based on a systematic accounting of carbon sources and sinks, exploring carbon balance zoning and regulatory strategies is crucial for carbon regulation and the implementation of the carbon neutrality strategy. Practicing the concept of "prioritizing ecological conservation over excessive development" in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), a systematic carbon source/sink accounting framework was constructed, the detailed characteristics of carbon sources and sinks were revealed, and a carbon balance zoning scheme and its regulation strategies were proposed. The results showed that: (1) From 2005 to 2022, the YREB's carbon deficit worsened. Carbon emissions rose from 2.786 to 4.684 billion tons, while carbon sinks increased from 1.277 to 1.516 billion tons. Significant regional disparities in carbon sources and sinks existed, with the carbon balance rate showing a trend of downstream<midstream<upstream. (2) The proportions of carbon emissions from various sectors were as follows: energy combustion (70.17%), industrial production processes (14.87%), agricultural activities (7.75%), human respiration (4.21%), and waste disposal (3.00%). In terms of the types of carbon sinks, agricultural carbon sinks accounted for 63.15% (taking into account the short-term effects of agricultural carbon sinks), and ecological carbon sinks accounted for 36.85%. It was recommended to establish 45 carbon source development zones, including 7 low-carbon development demonstration zones such as Shanghai, 18 low-carbon transformation and optimization zones such as Taizhou, and 20 high-carbon control and optimization zones such as Anshun. Additionally, 85 carbon sink protection zones should be set up, consisting of 4 green carbon sink demonstration zones such as Shennongjia Forest Area, 15 key carbon sink function zones such as Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, 34 green carbon sink development zones such as Chenzhou, and 32 strict carbon sink protection zones such as Zhangjiajie. Differential regulation strategies should be implemented under the guidance of the principle of "adhering to high-quality development in carbon source development zones and implementing high-level protection in carbon sink protection zones" according to the characteristics of carbon sources and sinks and carbon balance zoning, so as to enhance the economic contribution of carbon sources and the ecological contribution of carbon sinks.

The high-quality development of the forestry biomass energy industry is a strategic pathway for China to achieve the synergy between resource protection and energy security. This study elaborates on the basic connotation of high-quality development in the forestry biomass energy industry from four dimensions: ecological resource utilization, collaborative energy supply, inclusive industrial development, and diversified energy demand. It examines the resource foundation, technological status, and industrialization challenges of China's forestry biomass energy industry. Guided by theories of ecological carrying capacity, industrial value chain, ecological compensation, and energy rebound, it explores the theoretical logic of using the industry's high-quality development to achieve the synergy between resource protection and energy security, thereby providing comprehensive coverage of the four fundamental dimensions. We propose a practical path for promoting the high-quality development of the forestry biomass energy industry and enhancing the synergy between resource protection and energy security from both industrial and governance perspectives. We aim to: (1) establish a resource security and efficient utilization mechanism grounded in the "Two Mountains Theory" and the principle of energy conservation prioritization; (2) build an energy security and efficient supply system that leverages inter-chain collaboration to enhance factor complementarity; (3) develop a collaborative governance system focused on livelihood concerns, designed to benefit, facilitate, and ensure the well-being of the people; (4) improve the diversified energy support and guarantee system through technological innovation to better meet end-user demands; (5) create a comprehensive full-chain policy support system driven by institutional innovation to facilitate high-quality industrial development.

The security of forest land property rights constitutes the institutional foundation for sustainable production practices among forest farmers, while their green production behaviors are a direct manifestation of such practices. This research examined the mechanisms through which different dimensions of land property rights security—legal, factual, and perceptual—affect the green production behavior of forest farmers, to provide insights for advancing the reform of the collective forest rights system. Grounded in theories of property rights and household behavior, this study employed Logit and Ologit models, utilizing 2023 survey data from 655 households in the collective forest areas of Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces. The research investigated the impact of these dimensions of forest land property security on the probabilities and the extent of green production technology adoption by forest farmers. It further assessed the moderating effects of forestry technical training and village regulations. The findings indicated that: (1) 69% of forest farmers engaged in green production practices, with an average of 0.88 green forestry technologies adopted. (2) The legal, factual, and perceptual dimensions of forest property rights security had a significant positive impact on the probability and extent of forest farmers' adoption of green production technology. (3) Forestry technical training and village regulations significantly and positively moderated the impact of legal, factual, and perceptual property rights security on the likelihood of green production technology adoption by forest farmers. Finally, the study revealed that the impact of property security was not uniform across forest farmers, with those having higher forestry income and smaller land holdings being more sensitive to the effects of land property security. In conclusion, to promote the transformation and modernization of forestry production, it was essential to improve the forest land property rights system while enhancing green production training and strengthing village regulations. These coordinated efforts would foster a conducive environment for green development in forestry.

As broad societal participation is essential for national park construction, it is significant to assess how farmer household involvement impacts both household income and the ecological environment. This assessment is crucial for advancing ecological civilization, consolidating poverty alleviation achievements, and achieving common prosperity. This paper classified the forms of farmer household participation in national park construction into three types, namely, ecological protection, development planning and business and employment participation, and analysed the impact of farmer household participation in national park construction on household income and the ecological environment, based on survey data from 804 farmer households in the Qinling area of the Giant Panda National Park through the seven matching methods of the Propensity Score Matching Model (PSM). The study found that farmer household participation in national park construction could achieve the dual objectives of income increase and ecological protection, and this conclusion still held after a series of robustness tests and endogeneity analyses. In terms of mode, ecological protection participation and business employment participation were important paths to achieve a win-win situation for both income increase and ecological protection. From the perspective of income level, the participation of farmers in national park construction had the characteristic of 'benefiting the poor but not benefiting the rich', and the participation of low-income farmers in national park construction had a stronger effect on the total income of the family and the ecological environment than that of the high-income farmers, and the participation in ecological protection was an important way for low-income farmers to increase their income and improve the ecological environment. As the level of participation in national park construction deepened, total household income demonstrated an inverted U-shaped relationship, initially increasing and then decreasing. In contrast, the ecological environment showed a significant positive correlation with participation. Accordingly, this paper proposed recommendations in three aspects: providing diversified incentives for farmers' participation, implementing differentiated assistance strategies, and establishing a long-term feedback mechanism.

Consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation is the cornerstone for China's modernization and common prosperity. Based on the data of 1029 households from 56 communities in 13 counties of three cities in Southern Shaanxi in 2023, an evaluation system for the stability of poverty alleviation was constructed, covering economic conditions, development capabilities, and the risk of returning to poverty. The dual critical value method and the quasi-natural experiment method were comprehensively applied to assess the impact of urban centralized resettlement on the stability of poverty alleviation for relocated households. The research findings were as follows: (1) Relocation for poverty alleviation significantly enhanced the stability of poverty alleviation for households, with participation in social insurance, natural disasters, and total income being the key factors. (2) The contribution rates of the three dimensions to the stability of poverty alleviation showed a gradient difference, with economic conditions>risk of returning to poverty>development capabilities. (3) Overall, the positive effects of urban centralized resettlement on improving the economic conditions and development capabilities of households significantly outweighed the negative impact of an increased risk of returning to poverty, demonstrating better stability of poverty alleviation compared to rural resettlement. This conclusion remained valid after the robustness test of sensitivity analysis. Households adopting non-agricultural livelihood strategies and those resettled for more than two years benefited more significantly from urban centralized resettlement. The follow-up support policies for the relocation for poverty alleviation project should continue to leverage the advantages of both urban and rural resettlement, focusing on strengthening economic support and the cultivation of development capabilities, establishing and improving the social security system, and reducing the risk of returning to poverty. At the same time, the urban centralized resettlement strategy should be optimized, and the long-term effects should be considered. Differentiated policy support measures should be formulated based on the needs of different household groups.

Taking the wavy plain area in the Northern Liaohe River Basin as the research area, this study meticulously employed the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model and multi-scale fusion model to conduct an in-depth comparative analysis of the resilience of cultivated land ecosystems in 2012 and 2022. The PSR model captured complex interactions among resilience factors, while the multi-scale fusion model integrated multi-source data including remote sensing, in-situ observations, and socio-economic statistics for accurate assessment. The results clearly showed that the scores of the ecological subsystem and socio-economic subsystem of cultivated land in 2012 were 60.19 and 24.08 respectively, and in 2022, they were 60.15 and 22.61. When considering natural conditions, the restoration capacity of cultivated land in the study area in 2022 was markedly improved compared to 2012. This improvement might be attributed to factors such as enhanced soil quality through better management practices, a more stable climate, and optimized water-use efficiency. However, under the influence of socio-economic conditions, the resilience of cultivated land in 2022 was lower than that in 2012. The increasing population density, rapid urbanization, and changes in farming methods were likely the main causes. For instance, urban expansion led to the reduction of arable land area, and the over-reliance on chemical inputs in agriculture degraded the soil environment. In 2012, the comprehensive resilience score of cultivated land was 42.14, showing a distribution pattern of lower values in the central region and higher values in the eastern and western regions. In 2022, the score was 41.38, with an opposite distribution pattern. Over the past 10 years, overall resilience remained at a medium level, while the central region improved substantially. This improvement likely resulted from beneficial measures including land renovation projects, popularization of advanced agricultural technologies, and enhanced irrigation systems. The study provided a theoretical and methodological reference for evaluating cultivated land ecosystem restoration in the wavy plain area of the Northern Liaohe River Basin. It provided valuable insights for local policymakers and agricultural researchers to develop more effective strategies for cultivated land protection and sustainable development.

The preservation and spatial reconstruction of historical and cultural heritage are vital for enhancing national cultural soft power and cultural confidence. However, such efforts are often hindered by incomplete or missing historical data, especially when sites no longer exist and can only be inferred from fragmented texts or visual references. To address this challenge, this study proposes a knowledge graph-driven approach to three-dimensional (3D) spatial reconstruction of historical heritage, specifically for scenarios inferred from classical literary works. Our method begins with the semantic extraction of architectural entities and spatial relationships from narratives, emphasizing the "entity-relation" structure. A classical architectural knowledge graph encodes key features such as building types, functions, stylistic elements, and spatial layouts, serving as the basis for generating historically informed models. By integrating textual architectural parameters with contextual environmental features, we construct 3D models that simulate the original spatial form with structural coherence and stylistic authenticity. We further perform spatial clustering based on architectural attributes within the graph, reflecting functional and stylistic groupings that align with historical logic. Moreover, a multi-channel control mechanism guides fine-grained editing and re-rendering of architectural details, informed by spatial structure and aesthetic constraints from historical context. A case study of the Grand View Garden from The Story of the Stone demonstrates our approach: a domain-specific knowledge graph guides 3D reconstruction of both micro-level details and macro-level layouts, effectively restoring the novel's historical ambiance and architectural diversity. This research provides a novel framework for digital reconstruction of cultural heritage under data scarcity and offers a promising direction for integrating literary humanities with computational modeling in cultural preservation and public engagement.

Facing complex international situation such as geopolitics, superpower games and resource nationalism, the overseas supply uncertainty of nickel and cobalt continues to increase, which not only seriously threatens the supply security, but also impacts self-supply. However, quantitative research addressing this issue remains limited. This study employs a system dynamics model coupled with scenario analysis to quantify the specific impacts of overseas supply uncertainty on the domestic self-supply of nickel and cobalt. It then delves into the positive effects of five mining and recycling strategies, both individually and in coordinated implementation. The results show that: (1) Compared with the expansion of overseas supply, its contraction has a greater impact on the self-supply, which increases the primary supply of nickel and cobalt in the short and medium terms, while is unfavorable to the long-term primary supply and nickel secondary supply. (2) The mining countermeasures are conducive to the increase of primary supply in the short term but not conducive to the long term. They accelerate the consumption of primary resources and advance the onset of "reserve shortages". Therefore, it is necessary to surmount reserves limitations. (3) The recycling strategies could effectively cope with the scenario of low overseas supply contraction by improving the secondary supply of nickel and cobalt. While due to the substitution effect, they have a negative impact on primary supply. (4) The coordinated implementation of mining and recycling strategies can balance sustainable resource utilization, demand adaptation, and self-supply support, while mitigating the risks from tightening overseas supply constraints. The research results provide not only a theoretical basis for preventing overseas supply risks, as well as a practical reference for the development, utilization, and integrated allocation of primary and secondary nickel and cobalt resources in China.

The bidirectional empowerment between value realization of ecological products and rural cultural revitalization is an important proposition for comprehensively advancing rural revitalization. Based on the "human-culture-technology-industry-institution" five-dimensional synergy framework to systematically explore the fundamental logic, operational mechanisms, and key strategies for the bidirectional empowerment between the value realization of ecological products and rural cultural revitalization. The study reveals that ecological resources and rural cultural exhibit inherent symbiosis. The bidirectional empowerment of the value realization of ecological products and rural cultural revitalization embodies the unification of theoretical inevitability, institutional necessity, and practical feasibility. This synergy is achieved through three mechanisms: resource integration, economic incentives, and cultural identity reconstruction. To address the practical challenges of bidirectional empowerment, we propose the following key pathways: multiple actors cultivation and incentive pathway; cultural conservation and innovation-driven pathway; digital technology empowerment for the entire chain pathway; ecocultural industry value-added pathway; planning leadership and policy coordination pathway.

In the context of ecological city construction, residents' environmentally responsible behavior plays a crucial role in enhancing urban environmental quality and fostering a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. As an important component of the urban ecosystem, urban greening serves as an essential focus for understanding and promoting residents' environmentally responsible behavior. This study investigates the impacts of cultural ecosystem services (CES) and place attachment on residents' environmentally responsible behavior, with banyan tree spaces in Guangzhou serving as the case study. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze survey data collected from 1226 questionnaires in 59 banyan tree spaces. The results indicate that: (1) Environmentally responsible behavior is positively associated with the social relations and recreational services dimensions of cultural ecosystem services. (2) The social relations and recreational services dimensions of cultural ecosystem services positively affect place attachment. (3) Place attachment mediates the relationship between cultural ecosystem services and environmentally responsible behavior-cultural ecosystem services influence residents' environmentally responsible behavior through two pathways: social relations-place attachment-environmentally responsible behavior and recreational services-place attachment-environmentally responsible behavior. Overall, our research highlights that focusing on the non-material cultural services provided by urban greening and deepening the understanding of residents' place attachment are essential for optimizing environmentally responsible behavior. Such insights not only provide theoretical guidance for urban ecological construction but also offer practical references for policy formulation and implementation, thereby contributing to sustainable urban development. Therefore, future governments should enhance planning and policy guidance to effectively alleviate conflicts between urban renewal and tree protection. By scientifically and rationally designing green spaces, it will be possible to ensure that ancient and noteworthy trees are fully preserved during urban renewal processes, thereby collectively fostering a more livable and sustainable urban environment.

Drawing on the social-ecosystem framework, this study integrates resilience, adaptive cycle, and embeddedness theories to systematically and stagewise dissect the theoretical process through which rural land factor marketization enhances rural resilience. Taking the Rice Dream Space as an example, it examines specific initiatives and outcomes in the market-oriented reform of rural land factors. This summarizes the mechanisms and paths through which market-oriented reform of rural land factors empowers rural resilience. The results show that: (1) During the market-oriented reform of rural land factors, the rural resource system (RS), governance system (GS), resource units (RU), and actors (A) interact effectively across diverse and complex scenarios. These interactions enhance rural resilience and facilitate the adaptive cycle process. (2) The market mechanism enhances rural resilience through three primary drivers: the realization of land value as an economic driver, the sustainable use of resource units within the rural-social ecosystem as an ecological driver, and the restructuring of rural resource elements coupled with improvements to the rural governance system as socio-institutional drivers. (3) To empower rural resilience through the rural land factor market, a viable implementation path should be initiated through "policy opportunities + market embedding", advanced through "in-depth stakeholder engagement + collaborative governance", and driven by "technological innovation + industrial transformation". This approach couples multiple actors and factors to achieve rural transformation and upgrading. Different villages should tailor their approaches to market-oriented land reform based on their unique development characteristics and resource endowments. By stimulating multi-stakeholder participation to invigorate the market, these tailored approaches can achieve the intended effects of resilience and empowerment.

Market-driven advancement of mine ecological restoration serves as an effective solution to address the substantial historical deficits, large funding requirements, and insufficient investment in this field. The Eco-environment-oriented Development (EOD) model facilitates the achievement of market-based self-sustainability for mine ecological restoration projects. Using the EOD model for mine ecological restoration as a case study, this paper begins by defining core concepts and clarifying its underlying logic. It then outlines the operational workflow and key implementation stages of the mine ecological restoration EOD model, distilling its two core mechanisms: the capital-driven mechanism and the resource-driven mechanism. Drawing on domestic practices, the paper analyzes the primary pathways embedded within this model: land quota exchange, utilization of abandoned resources, introduction of eco-industries, and carbon sink economy models. Looking ahead, efforts should focus on further improving policy support for the conversion of mining land uses, increasing participation from private capital, and strengthening risk response capabilities. Finally, the paper proposes policy recommendations, including standardizing land quota trading rules, refining the policy framework for social capital participation, and innovating profit mode.

Since ecological protection and high-quality development became an important national strategy for the Yellow River Basin, the relationship between tourism development and ecolognical civilization construction in the region has drawn significant academic attention. Drawing on synergetics theory, this study thoroughly analyzes the synergistic evolution mechanism of tourism development and ecological civilization construction. This study analyzes the synergistic evolution of the two systems using the Haken model and HP filter analysis on data from 78 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin. Furthermore, it leverages an obstacle degree model to identify and classify systemic impediments, thereby informing the design of targeted promotion strategies. The results indicate that: (1) Tourism development in the Yellow River Basin has undergone three distinct phases, "steady improvement", "sharp decline", and "moderate recovery", and exhibits a "core-edge" spatial structure. Meanwhile, the level of ecological civilization construction has steadily improved, forming a spatial pattern of "the contiguity of low-value areas and the dispersion of high-value areas". (2) Ecological civilization construction is identified as an order parameter, which facilitates the synergistic evolution and upgrading of the complex giant system. This process can be divided into three stages: "gradual improvement (2012-2016)", "secondary development (2017-2019)", and "accelerated upgrading (2020-2021)". (3) The synergistic evolution of this complex giant system is characterized by a reduction in primary co-evolution areas, an expansion of intermediate co-evolution areas, stable higher-level co-evolution areas, and a sporadic distribution of those higher-level areas. (4) The main obstacles to synergistic evolution have shifted from being dominated by ecological factors to being driven by economic development. Furthermore, in various prefecture-level cities, the predominant obstacles have evolved from diversified differentiation to a focus on economic development or social livelihood. In the new development stage, at the basin level, the government should seize the opportunity to strengthen regional coordination and linkage strategies. For prefecture-level cities, local governments need to adopt measures suited to their specific conditions and implement targeted policies accordingly.

Analyzing the evolution patterns of carbon emission efficiency at different spatiotemporal scales and revealing the driving mechanisms of multi-dimensional factors on carbon emission efficiency are of great significance for scientifically formulating energy-saving and emission-reduction policies and measures. The study first measured the carbon emission efficiency of 17 prefecture-level cities in Henan province from 2006 to 2022 using the super-efficiency SBM model. Then, the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of carbon emission efficiency at the municipal and regional scales were revealed through spatial analysis and the Gini coefficient method. Finally, the spatial Durbin model was employed to examine the degree of influence and constraint relationship of various factors affecting carbon emission efficiency in Henan. The results suggest that: (1) At the municipal administrative level, there is a significant difference in the carbon emission efficiency among the 17 prefecture-level cities in the province, with most not reaching the optimal level, and the unevenness phenomenon is prominent. Carbon emission efficiency presents a clear central and peripheral difference feature in geographical space. (2) There are significant differences in the carbon emission efficiency among different parts of the study area, and the carbon emission efficiency in Central Henan has remained in a relatively stable state for a long time, while the regions with low carbon emission efficiency are mainly concentrated in Southern, Northern, and Western Henan. (3) The factors influencing carbon emission efficiency in Henan have significant differences at the municipal and regional scales. In the future, Henan should formulate and implement differentiated carbon reduction policies based on the scale differences of carbon emission efficiency, focusing on optimizing the industrial structure, strengthening technological innovation, and reasonably guiding energy consumption to promote the overall improvement of carbon emission efficiency in the province.

Based on panel data of 30 provincial-level regions in China from 2010 to 2022, the carbon emission reduction efficiency in the electricity sector (ECERE) is measured using the Super-SBM-GML model, and the impact of green finance (GF) on ECERE is demonstrated from multiple dimensions, global and local, temporal and spatial, and direct and indirect, using the SLX model and its hybrid model constructed with the PGTWR model. The results show that: (1) GF contributes to the enhancement of ECERE in the region and has a dampening effect on the neighboring regions through spatial spillover effects. When the geographic distance reaches 1950 km, the spatial spillover effect presents a clear geographic decay boundary. (2) Over time, the promotional effect of GF on local ECERE exhibits a U-shaped trend, decreasing and then increasing, while the inhibitory effect on ECERE in neighbouring areas shows a fluctuating and increasing trend. (3) GF's contribution to local ECERE and its inhibitory effect on ECERE in neighbouring regions are more pronounced in areas with limited hydropower and nuclear power resources. (4) GF primarily enhances ECERE through power technology progress, management efficiency improvements, and power structure optimization. The results of this study provide scientific references for improving China's GF policies and energy policies, as well as for promoting the process of carbon emission reduction.

It is necessary to assess the impact of carbon emission reduction targets on urban green total factor productivity, a topic with significant practical implications. Based on a panel data of 275 Chinese cities, this paper constructs a two-tier stochastic frontier model to evaluate the "innovation compensation" spillover effect, "compliance cost" crowding-out effect, and net effect of carbon emission reduction targets on urban green total factor productivity. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Carbon emission reduction targets have both "innovation compensation" spillover effects and "compliance cost" crowding-out effects on urban green total factor productivity. Among the effects of carbon emission reduction targets, the spillover effect prevails over the crowding-out effect. Specifically, the spillover effect of carbon emission reduction targets increases urban green total factor productivity by 6.468% relative to the frontier, while the crowding-out effect reduces urban green total factor productivity by 1.655% relative to the frontier. The combined action of the spillover and crowding-out effects results in a net effect of a 4.814% increase in urban green total factor productivity due to carbon emission reduction targets. (2) The spillover effect, crowding-out effect, and net effect of carbon emission reduction targets on urban green total factor productivity exhibit temporal and spatial variations. Specifically, under the combined influence of the spillover and crowding-out effects, the net effect of carbon emission reduction targets on urban green total factor productivity shows a U-shaped curve over time. Spatially, under the combined influence of the spillover and crowding-out effects, the net effect of carbon emission reduction targets on urban green total factor productivity varies across eastern, central, and western regions. The net effect is strongest in the western region, followed by the central region, and weakest in the eastern region. (3) Regional characteristic factors influence the spillover and crowding-out effects of carbon emission reduction targets on urban green total factor productivity. Specifically, local economic growth pressure, resource endowment, and financial development level all contribute to heterogeneous manifestations of how carbon emission reduction targets affect urban green total factor productivity through spillover and crowding-out effects. The conclusions of this study have theoretical and practical significance. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the complex impact of China's carbon intensity target management on urban green development but also offer practical insights for local governments to refine the design of emission reduction policies.

The construction of cultivated land protection agglomeration area is an innovative exploration to promote regional coordinated development in the New Era. Taking Zhuhai city as the research area, according to the main line of 'relationship analysis, subject determination, bottom line control and overall coordination', this paper constructs the evaluation system of main controlling factors of cultivated land agglomeration in three dimensions of resource endowment assortativity, service function assortativity and regional coordinated development assortativity, and uses Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation, three-dimensional magic cube model, Logistic model, coupling coordination degree model and spatial autocorrelation model. The spatial decision model of cultivated land agglomeration and the spatial layout decision model of cultivated land agglomeration protection are constructed to plan the optimal spatial layout of cultivated land agglomeration under multi-objective trade-off. The results show that: (1) The zoning process must comprehensively account for natural resource conditions, ecosystem service functions, and planning coordination, with evaluation results revealing significant spatial heterogeneity in controlling factors across Zhuhai. (2) Medium-to-high potential zones for cultivated land aggregation constitute 43.24% of the total area, demonstrating significant spatial clustering at 99.90% confidence level. Further optimization through spatial decision-making models identifies priority areas including Northwest Youji Mountain (Nanping town), Lianzhou town, central Baijiao town, Pingsha town, and Hongqi town. (3) Three distinct types of conservation zones are delineated totaling 59.84 km²: resource endowment-oriented (65.85%), service function-oriented (1.05%), and regional synergy-oriented (33.10%), with tailored consolidation strategies proposed for each category. This research offers guidance for balancing urban expansion and cultivated land preservation within the institutional framework of major land requisition-compensation policies in the New Era.

The improvement of land use performance in residential areas is of great significance to the efficiency of urban land use, the balance between work and residence, the allocation of public resources and the vitality of the social economy. However, there is still a lack of dynamic monitoring and evaluation methods for the land use performance of residential areas, especially effective monitoring means for the development of land use performance in newly built residential areas. Guided by the human-earth coordination theory and utilizing mobile phone signaling data, this study systematically investigates long-term temporal patterns of population migration through three analytical dimensions, dynamics, scale, and direction, while developing a dynamic evaluation model for assessing land use performance in newly developed residential areas. The development trend of land use performance in newly built residential areas in Wuhan can be classified into the following six categories: (1) Fast-heating and fast-stabilizing plots, mainly in Central and Northern Wuhan, are characterized by a rapid increase and subsequent stabilization of the static population. This is accompanied by declining immigration but a consistent net inflow, indicating that these areas are reaching maturity. (2) Slow-heating and stabilizing plots, predominantly located in the southern and western transition zones of Central Wuhan, exhibit a slow static population growth that eventually stabilizes a rise-and-fall pattern in immigration, and a volatile net inflow that eventually stabilizes, resulting in relatively late maturity. (3) Slow-developing plots, concentrated in Western, Northern and Central Wuhan, have an increasing static population, a gradual declining inflow population, and a net inflow that falls then stabilizes, resulting in a lagging development process. (4) Slow-heating and developing plots, scattered across Wuhan, characterized by a gradual increase in static population, followed by a later surge in immigration and a sharp increase in net inflow at a late stage, indicating strong development momentum. (5) Fluctuating development plots, found scattered in Southern and Western Wuhan, are marked by a rising static population, high volatility in both immigration and net inflow, and an overall unstable developmental trajectory. (6) Dynamically unstable plots, sporadically distributed in southwestern and southeastern periphery of Wuhan, have a low static population, are characterized by a low static population, high volatility in both immigration and net inflow, and slow development progress.

Rapid urbanization has intensified the conflicts among the production-living-ecological spaces (PLES), especially in mountainous urban agglomerations where complex terrain and ecological fragility lead to pronounced multi-scale spatial heterogeneity. Clarifying the coupling-coordination relationships and their driving mechanisms is essential for achieving refined territorial spatial governance. Taking the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration (CYUA) as a case study, this paper developed an integrated analytical framework combining multi-functional evaluation, coupling coordination degree modeling, and Geographical Convergent Cross Mapping (GCCM) to systematically examine the coupling characteristics and drivers across grid, township, and county scales. The results showed that PLES coordination had significant scale dependence, with the lowest coordination at the township scale due to concentrated heterogeneity, and the highest at the county scale driven by macro-level resource integration. As spatial scale increased, dominant driving factors shifted progressively from natural to socio-economic elements. At the grid level, factors such as NDVI and the proximity to cultivated land played key roles in promoting ecological stability and local coupling. At the township scale, road density and nighttime light indicated spatial accessibility and human activity intensity. At the county scale, per capita GDP, industrial agglomeration, and infrastructure development shaped spatial coordination through structural planning and institutional integration. Additionally, complex mountainous terrain moderated the transmission of spatial effects across scales, amplifying spatial fragmentation and functional isolation. Based on these findings, this study proposed a multi-scale collaborative governance strategy of "grid monitoring-township regulation-county integration". These findings offer both theoretical insights and practical strategies for enhancing spatial coordination and promoting sustainable development in topographically constrained and ecologically sensitive mountainous regions.

The modernization transformation of rural areas is key to implementing the Rural Revitalization Strategy and achieving modernization transformation. However, existing research on modernization transformation has not sufficiently explored the tourism-driven mechanism. This study takes Jijiadun village, a suburban rural tourism destination, as a case study and integrates the rural regional system theory with the "people-land-industry-governance" analytical framework to systematically reveal the pathways and mechanisms of rural modernization transformation driven by tourism. The study finds that the tourism-driven modernization transformation of rural areas shows differentiated characteristics and forms a four-dimensional co-evolutionary pattern of population transformation, spatial reconstruction, industrial reshaping, and governance innovation through the evolutionary path of "element reorganization-structural adjustment-functional leap". The tourism-driven mechanism is reflected in three-fold effects: as a catalyst for industrial integration, it updates the rural production system; as a conduit for urban-rural mobility, it constructs a new type of urban-rural relationship; and as a bond for rural governance, it coordinates multiple stakeholders. The modernization transformation of rural areas has a counter-effect on tourism development, presenting a complex and dynamic evolution process of the rural regional system. This study breaks through the urban-rural dual-opposition paradigm and constructs a "tourism intervention-system response-transformation output" analytical model to explain the mechanism by which tourism triggers the modernization leap of the rural regional system, providing theoretical references and practical pathways for the transformation and development of rural areas under the Rural Revitalization Strategy.

The integration of digital technologies into tourism has not only introduced transformative opportunities for the industry but also catalyzed the emergence of new quality productive forces, ushering in a New Era characterized by advanced technology, high efficiency, and quality-driven development. Combining the characteristics of tourism and new quality productive forces, this study focuses on the concept, connotation, formation mechanism and development path of tourism new quality productive forces under the background of digital tourism integration. With the goal of pursuing high-tech, high-efficiency and high-quality in tourism industry in the integration of digital and tourism, and based on systems theory, this study has constructed a mechanism theoretical model from four dimensions: element integration, capability enhancement, system balance, and development orientation for the formation mechanism of new quality productive forces in tourism industry, covering mechanisms such as integration, digital empowerment, supply-demand coordination, and goal-oriented approaches. Through the synergistic effect of "element-ability-equilibrium-orientation", the four types of mechanisms promote the continuous formation of new quality productive forces in the tourism industry. From "technology-ecology-value" trinity perspective, three important development paths for new quality productive forces in tourism industry are proposed: digital transformation, digital ecosystem construction, and multi-objective coordination. The three paths are interdependent and mutually reinforcing, jointly promoting the high-tech, high-efficiency and high-quality development of the tourism industry, and ultimately embodying the new connotation of new quality productivity of tourism industry with service-oriented, innovation-driven, new products, new formats and new models as the carrier. Finally, management insights are provided to offer theoretical support and practical guidance for the formation and development of new quality productive forces in tourism industry from three aspects: iterative upgrades of digital services, strengthening data sharing and efficient utilization, emphasizing the cultivation and recruitment of digital talent and accelerating the strides toward building a strong tourism nation. As digital technology continues to advance rapidly and tourism consumption demands become increasingly diversified and personalized, the role of emerging productive forces in driving the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry and achieving high-quality development will grow progressively more significant.

In recent years, agricultural heritage sites have gradually become a key focus area within academic circles. As the primary stakeholders within these areas, a comprehensive understanding of farmers' perceptions, intentions, and emotional well-being is essential for promoting the sustainable development of agricultural heritage sites and addressing livelihood-related challenges. However, the emotional state of farmers in agricultural heritage sites under tourism intervention, as well as the issue of village-level differences, remain to be further explored. Taking four administrative villages in the Ziquejie Terraces Region area as case studies, this article employs questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews. Utilizing factor analysis and nonparametric tests, it examines the overall characteristics and village-level variations in farmers' emotions under tourism intervention across three dimensions: sense of fulfillment, happiness, and security. The findings reveal that: (1) The "three senses of livelihood" among farmers in the four villages generally exhibit positive states, with scores across all dimensions falling within the high range [3.5, 5]. Significant village-level differences exist within specific sub-items of each dimension. (2) Village-level differences in happiness are manifested in two aspects: quality of life and infrastructure. (3) Village-level differences in sense of gain are primarily reflected in three aspects: employment opportunities, income levels, and cultural and sports activities. (4) Village-level variations in security are primarily reflected in cultural security, labor safety, and traffic safety. Based on these findings, a multi-stakeholder co-construction and co-governance pathway for emotional adaptation among farmers in agricultural heritage sites is proposed. This study offers new insights into understanding and addressing village-level variations in farmers' emotions within agricultural heritage sites under tourism intervention, aiming to provide references for their sustainable development.

Historic and cultural districts serve as vital carriers for the inheritance of urban and rural cultural heritage, and their sustainable renewal urgently requires deep resident participation. This study integrates value co-creation theory and sense of place theory to develop a driving model of participatory renewal: "perceived value-place attachment-value co-creation", examining how multidimensional value perceptions and place attachment shape residents' engagement mechanisms. Using structural equation modeling analysis of 338 valid questionnaires from Nanjing's Old South district, the findings reveal three critical pathways. First, residents' perceived functional value and economic value significantly enhance participation behavior and civic behavioral intentions through the full mediation of place dependence, indicating that instrumental dependence serves as a direct mechanism transforming material needs into actions. Second, perceived emotional value derived from cultural continuity exerts dual effects, directly driving both types of value co-creation intentions and also uniquely activating civic behaviors through the "place identity" pathway. This demonstrates that local emotions rooted in collective memory can bypass institutional constraints to generate spontaneous cultural stewardship. Third, community support exhibits paradoxical moderating effects: while it amplifies the economic value-place dependence linkage, excessive administrative intervention weakens emotional value's impact on place dependence, revealing tensions between institutional empowerment and grassroots cultural agency. These findings challenge traditional economic incentive paradigms by highlighting the catalytic role of cultural identity and emotional capital. Accordingly, a governance framework is proposed: (1) establishing cultural identity reproduction mechanisms through resident-led heritage interpretation, (2) implementing demand-tiered resource allocation that prioritizes functional necessities like sanitation, (3) developing adaptive community support systems that delineate administrative boundaries in cultural practices. This research contributes to urban governance literature by uncovering the psychosocial process from spatial perception to collective action, while offering practical strategies to reconcile preservation and renovation through value symbiosis.