New infrastructure construction is emerging as a key driver for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the digital economy era, fostering green, low-carbon, and high-quality economic and social development. Using panel data from 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 2007 to 2022, this study measures indicators of new infrastructure development and empirically examines its synergistic effects on pollution reduction and carbon mitigation from the perspective of innovation factor misallocation. The findings indicate that: (1) New infrastructure significantly enhances coordinated governance in pollution reduction and carbon mitigation. This conclusion remains robust after a series of endogeneity and stability tests. However, the synergy between pollution reduction and carbon mitigation is not immediately observable. Only after the new infrastructure development surpasses certain "thresholds" does its effect on pollution and carbon reduction become evident. (2) Mechanism analysis reveals that new infrastructure alleviates the misallocation of R&D personnel, thereby promoting pollution reduction and carbon mitigation. However, the mechanism based on the misallocation of R&D capital has yet to fully manifest its effects. Factors such as R&D personnel mobility, human capital levels, and skill matching are effective in addressing R&D personnel misallocation and unlocking the benefits of technological innovation through new infrastructure, whereas government funding does not show a significant improvement in these outcomes. (3) Further analysis shows that new infrastructure can effectively reduce the "rebound" in carbon emissions currently. Nevertheless, in terms of spatial correlation, the overall impact of new infrastructure on coordinated pollution reduction and carbon mitigation exhibits negative externalities. The conclusions of this study provide a viable pathway for achieving the synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation, contributing to the "dual carbon" goals. These findings also offer empirical support for local governments in actively planning and advancing strategic layouts for new infrastructure.

The green transition of cultivated land Use (GTCLU) is of great significance for building a new pattern of cultivated protection with coordinated development of water and soil resources under the background of global climate change, ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products, and promoting green agricultural development. Based on field surveys of farmers in Shenyang, this study explores the conceptual connotation of GTCLU and estimate its level at the farmer household scale, and theoretically analyzes and empirically tests whether and how intermediate inputs affected the GTCLU. The results indicate that: (1) The GTCLU has established a composite mapping relationship of ''water, land, food, and carbon'', which has the development characteristics of resource conservation and efficiency, good production environment, product quality and safety, and ecological environment friendliness. (2) The GTCLU level of sample farmers is observed in the transition type III, and compared to small farmers, the proportion of large-scale households in transition type IV is relatively large. The higher the proportion of per capita household income and non-agricultural income, the lower the GTCLU level of farmers. With the improvement of rural digitalization level, the GTCLU level of farmers is gradually increasing. (3) There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between intermediate input and farmers' GTCLU level, that is, when the intensity of intermediate input exceeds 0.375, it will have a suppressive effect on farmers' GTCLU level. (4) Social norms have a positive moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship between intermediate inputs and farmers' GTCLU levels. As social norm constraints continue to strengthen, the inverted U-shaped curve becomes steeper and the inflection point shifts to the left. The impact of environmental regulations on the inverted U-shaped relationship exhibits heterogeneity in business scale, meaning it does not affect large-scale households but has a significant effect on small-scale farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to further optimize the structure of intermediate inputs, enhance the soft constraint mechanism of social norms, fully utilize the combination of environmental regulatory tools, and promote the green transition of cultivated land use at the farmer household scale in a scientific and reasonable manner.

To enhance regional agglomeration and carrying capacity, the State Council and provincial governments have successively approved several urban agglomeration plans. However, the impact of urban agglomeration planning on land resource carrying capacity needs to be tested. Therefore, based on panel data from 117 cities both within and outside the planning scope of the five major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during the period of 2005-2022, this paper employs multi-period difference-in-differences model and mediation effect model to empirically explore the effect and mechanism of urban agglomeration planning on land resource carrying capacity, and analyzes spatial spillover effect through the spatial Durbin model. The main findings are as follows: (1) Urban agglomeration planning can effectively enhance the land resource carrying capacity, but it has different impacts on its subsystems. The results indicate that urban agglomeration planning significantly enhances the land economic carrying capacity, but it has a significant negative effect on the land ecological carrying capacity. (2) Urban agglomeration planning will enhance the land resource carrying capacity of cities within the urban agglomeration by enhancing urban innovativeness, government competitiveness, and public service supply capacity. (3) Urban agglomeration planning has a significant positive spillover effect on the land resource carrying capacity of neighboring cities, but this effect is spatially confined to the urban agglomerations, which are more mature in terms of development. These findings provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for improving urban agglomeration planning policies and enhancing land resource carrying capacity within the context of high-quality development.

China is a major agricultural country, and geographical indications of agricultural products can promote high-quality agricultural development, alleviate issues relating to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents, and achieve comprehensive rural revitalization. In the context of insufficient research on the impact of geographical indications on ecosystem protection, research on the perception effect of geographical indications on ecosystem services can serve as supplementary content to enrich the protection effect of geographical indications. This article constructs an ecosystem service perception evaluation index system based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Framework. Taking the high-quality apple production base in the Weibei dryland region as an example, this study explores the perception effect of geographic indications on ecosystem services through propensity score matching method. Research has found that the participation of farmers in the use of geographical indications is influenced by the gender of the head of household, education level, understanding of geographical indications, attention to apple quality, and the location. Geographical indications have a significant impact on the perception of ecosystem services, and the perception level of ecosystem services by farmers participating in the use of geographical indications has increased by 3.8% to 4.3%. In the future, it is necessary to continue to promote geographical indications and encourage more farmers to participate in their use in order to improve their perception of ecosystem services.

Based on the micro-data of China Land Economic Survey conducted in Jiangsu province and the utility perception of rural residents, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of rural industry integration on rural residents' satisfaction with rural revitalization construction and its mechanism by using the order probit model. It is found that: (1) Rural industry integration can significantly improve the satisfaction of rural revitalization construction, and this conclusion is still valid after considering a series of tests. (2) The improvement of rural industry integration degree is conducive to improve the satisfaction of rural revitalization construction, but different integration modes have different promoting effects on rural revitalization effect, especially the integration mode of technology penetration, chain extension and function expansion. (3) Raising household income, and enhancing economic status identity and subjective happiness perception are important mechanisms for rural industry integration to release the effect of rural revitalization. (4) The effect of rural industry integration on rural revitalization is more obvious in villages with higher economic development level and stronger intervention degree of rural affairs organization. This paper enriches the relevant research of rural industry integration, and provides new ideas for accelerating the process of agricultural and rural modernization, promoting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas and improving the well-being of rural residents.

Exploring the influencing factors of farmers' voluntary and compensated withdrawal intention from homestead land is of great significance for promoting the people-oriented rural land system reform. Utilizing micro-survey data encompassing a nationwide scope, this study is anchored in the multifunctional perspective of land, which delineates how the transfer of contracted land influences the willingness to withdraw homestead land and demonstrate the mediating role of household livelihood strategies, as well as the moderating effects of generational disparities and reform pilot effect. The findings are as following: (1) The inflow of contracted land suppresses farmers' willingness to withdraw homestead land, whereas the outflow of contracted land enhances this willingness. (2) Using the ratio of out-migrating population and the proportion of non-agricultural income as proxy variables to assess the mediating role of household livelihood strategies, the study identifies that demographic transition is a significant pathway through which land transfer impacts the willingness to withdraw homestead land, rather than the change of household income structures. (3) The effect of outflow of contracted land in enhancing the willingness of younger farmers to withdraw homestead land is more pronounced, while its influence is less significant among farmers in reform pilot areas. Consequently, future policy formulations regarding homestead land withdrawal should identify the target group, with a respect for the willingness of farmers. It is necessary to synchronize policies of homestead withdrawal and contracted land transfer. It is also imperative to continuously enhance the off-farm employment capabilities of farmers and to facilitate the high-quality migration of the rural population in a scientifically sound manner. Policies should be tailored to account for the heterogeneity among farmers and the unique characteristics of different regions.

The study of the impact of digital skills on the proactive adaptive behavior of farmers in grain production is of significance for ensuring national food security. This study utilizes survey data from the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin to empirically examine the impact of digital skills on farmers' adaptive behaviors in grain production and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The analysis reveals three key findings: (1) Digital skills significantly encourage farmers to engage in proactive adaptive behaviors in grain production. (2) Digital skills enhance these behaviors by improving farmers' integration into industry chains and expanding their knowledge networks. (3) The influence of digital skills is more pronounced among large-scale farmers, those with higher levels of education and income, and those in non-grain production areas or villages with high collective economic income. Additionally, farmers who have developed high-standard farmland show a greater propensity to benefit from digital skills. Based on these findings, the paper proposes policy interventions to leverage platform resources and digital tools to further enhance farmers' digital competencies, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices and food security.

Against the backdrop of increasing challenges to the territorial space system due to uncertainty risks and traditional conflicts, a deep understanding of the territorial space resilience in order to promote the transformation of the social-ecological system is crucial to the realization of the overall development and security strategy. On the basis of clarifying the connotation of territorial space resilience, we select the counties in Jiangsu province as the case area, and use HP filter analysis, adaptive cycle theory and panel vector autoregression to explore the evolution characteristics of territorial space resilience in different adaptive cycle stages and its interaction with urbanization. Firstly, the fundamental components of territorial space resilience in a normalized scenario include natural resource endowment support, territorial space functional resistance, and territorial space flow transformation. The dynamic evolution of territorial space resilience follows the underlying logic of the adaptive cycle theory's "utilization, conservation, release, and reorganization" cycle. Different development characteristics emerge at each stage. Secondly, the level of territorial space resilience in Jiangsu province's counties gradually increased between 2000 and 2022. The internal ranking of resilience dimensions is as follows: territorial space functional resistance>territorial space flow transformation>natural resource endowment support. The resilience level can be divided into four stages: utilization (2000-2006), conservation (2007-2013), release (2014-2018), and reorganization (2019-2022). These stages exhibit evolutionary characteristics of increase-decrease-increase-decrease, with the overall Gini coefficient following the pattern: conservation>utilization>release>reorganization. Thirdly, urbanization and territorial space resilience interact with each other over the long term among county units in Jiangsu province, and the dynamic relationship between the variables is basically stable, showing a positive driving effect, but the degree of contribution rate varies among regions. When the level of urbanization is impacted by the level of territorial space resilience, the degree of influence shows the trend of enhancement-weakening-enhancement-weakening-stability, and the level of territorial space resilience shows the trend of decline-rise-stability when facing the impact of urbanization. The study provides scientific evidence and decision-making references to promote regional sustainable development in a positive spiral.

This study starts from the perspective of stakeholders, clarifies the interactive relationship between the government, mining enterprises, and residents in mining areas, and constructs a cooperative governance mechanism for mine ecological restoration. The game relationship is analyzed through a cooperative game model. The results indicate that: (1) The existing repair models cannot meet the reasonable repair needs, and there is an urgent need to transform from a single dominant model to diversified cooperative governance. (2) Through the Shapley value benefit distribution model analysis, it was found that when the three parties actively participate in cooperation, the benefits are optimal, and the ideal distribution ratio is one-third each, which can promote positive interaction among the three parties. (3) Taking Qidong Duijiachong Iron Mine in Hunan province as an empirical case, the results show that the benefits of tripartite cooperation are significantly higher than those of non cooperation or two-way cooperation. (4) The revised Shapley value was used to verify that the distribution of benefits under cooperation can effectively promote the realization of mine ecological restoration. Cooperative governance conforms to the modernization trend of ecological governance in China, can balance the conflicts of interests among multiple stakeholders, and provide reference for optimizing ecological restoration mechanisms.

Conducting resource and environmental metabolism research at the village scale not only allows for the direct and quantitative observation of human activities' characteristics in resource utilization and their impact on environmental disturbances, but also supports the accelerated establishment of a waste recycling system and the achievement of a positive ecological cycle. Based on the analysis of the concept of resource and environmental metabolism, this article uses CiteSpace 6.3R1 to construct a co-occurrence map of keywords from current domestic and international literature on resource and environmental metabolism analysis. By comparing the current research status, it explores the comprehensive utilization paths and trend characteristics of resource and environmental metabolism analysis. On this basis, it investigates existing issues in village resource metabolism in terms of data composition, model construction, account design, and optimization control, aiming to propose paths that can improve resource utilization efficiency and reduce environmental impact. In the current context, the problems of rural resource metabolism research need to be explored and optimized in several aspects. First, it is necessary to establish a sound mechanism for data entry, sharing and calling to ensure the comprehensiveness and reliability of resource and environmental data. Second, an integrated model of resource-environment metabolism needs to be developed to better understand and predict the relationship between resource utilization and environmental change in village areas. At the same time, the village scale resource environment and socio-economic metabolism integrated account is constructed to realize the coordination and integration of resource environment and economic and social development. Finally, it is also necessary to improve the comprehensive resource-environment-economy management capacity of the village system, so as to realize the effective utilization of resources and the sustainable improvement of the environment through scientific and reasonable management measures. In this process, government departments, research institutions, enterprises, and various sectors of society should work together to form a cohesive force that promotes the sustainable use and protection of resources and the environment in rural areas, creating favorable conditions for harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.

The island is defined as "a small piece of land surrounded by water". Recently, island cognition has experienced a change from emphasizing insularity to emphasizing relationality. Since the 1980s, the understanding of islands has undergone a shift from emphasizing insularity to emphasizing relationality, focusing more on the understanding of "mainland-island", "island-island", and "island-sea" relationships. The shift in island cognition challenges the dichotomy of island/mainland and land/sea, and interprets islands more in terms of the mutual construction of space, society, and the land-sea environment. In terms of research topics, "mainland-island relationship" mainly focuses on decolonial turn, island colonization, non-sovereign island governance, and island geopolitics. "Island-island relationship" mainly focuses on archipelagic turn, island transport geography, island migration and the impact of informatization on islands. "Island-sea relationship" focuses on aquapelagic turn, island culture and identity, island sustainable development under climate change, and island-marine tourism research. The interpretation of mainland-island relationship is the discussion of the unequal power relationship between continent-island, the interpretation of island-island relationship is the cognition of the dynamic correlation of islands, and the interpretation of island-sea relationship is the consideration of human-land-sea interaction. The island is an important support for the implementation of future national maritime strategies. By sorting and prospect, this paper hopes to enrich the current cognitive dimensions of island spatiality and provide an interpretation based on the relational perspective for the governance of marine territory.

Due to the unclear delineation of the regulatory power and ownership of national parks under the administrative management system, the management of property rights of natural resource assets owned by the whole people in national parks generally faces problems such as insufficient legitimacy of ownership authorization and poor implementation mechanisms of ownership. Through the analysis of the property rights structure characteristics and the definition of management responsibilities of natural resource assets owned by the whole people in national parks, starting from the legal analysis of rights (powers) and their exercise models, this paper clarifies the boundaries of ownership and regulatory rights of national park state-owned natural resource assets from the perspectives of management objectives and content, legal nature and application, exercise subjects and models, and responsibilities. Based on the actual situation of national park protection, construction, and management, 24 owner responsibilities of natural resource assets in national parks are proposed, with a focus on two key issues, namely, the division of responsibilities for technical work according to the purpose of execution, and the exercise of national park franchise rights as a civil right in a delegated agency model. Finally, suggestions for the implementation of owner responsibilities are proposed from the perspectives of ideology, legal system, and mechanism, providing technical references for the systematic, legal, and standardized management of natural resource assets owned by the whole people in national parks.

The natural forest logging ban policy represents a crucial initiative for safeguarding national ecological security and advancing the "Two Mountains" theory. This study utilizes panel data from 2005 to 2022, covering major distribution areas of collective forests, and employs a staggered DID model to analyze the policy's effects on enhancing forest carbon sink capacity and increasing rural residents' income. The results indicate that: (1) The natural forest logging ban policy significantly enhances the forest carbon sink capacity and raises rural residents' income from a long time while it has a significant negative impact on rural residents' business income in the short term. (2) The main mechanism is to enhance the forest carbon sink capacity through investment in ecological construction and protection, and to increase the income of rural residents through non-farm transfer employment and the optimization of the forestry industry structure. (3) The effect of the policy on enhancing carbon sink capacity is more pronounced in regions with abundant resources and underdeveloped industries. In contrast, the income growth effect is more evident in the regions with poor resource endowments and weak industrial bases. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the natural forest logging ban policy, increase forestry ecological investment and industrial support, expand new forms of forestry industry, and open up channels for realizing the value of forestry ecological products, thus achieving the integrated goals of high-level natural forest protection and high-quality economic development.

Land serves as the core carrier of territorial space and is also a significant entity for carbon emissions and carbon sequestration. Optimizing land use patterns is a crucial means of regulating territorial space carbon emissions. Using the composite carbon coefficient method, a 30 m×30 m grid-scale carbon budget index was constructed to precisely evaluate the carbon budget changes due to land-use variations in the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration (CCUA) from 2000 to 2020. This study also identified driving factors influencing carbon budget changes using POI data, and on this basis, constructed a carbon budget monitoring and early warning index, followed by risk zoning. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) During the study period, the total land-use area in the CCUA changed by 22700 km², accounting for 12.32% of the total land area. This change resulted in an increase of 18.44 million tons in net carbon emissions, primarily due to the mutual conversion between cultivated land and construction land. (2) Cultivated land-to-construction land conversion represented a "super-enhanced" source of increased net carbon emissions in Chengdu and Chongqing's main urban areas, whereas conversion from construction land to cultivated land served as a "super-enhanced" source of reduced net carbon emissions in the rural areas adjacent to these "dual-core" cities. (3) Industrial space and transportation space were the dominant factors driving the increase in "super-enhanced" net carbon emissions. The key to regulating the carbon functionality of territorial space lied in expanding the scope for reducing net carbon emissions or narrowing the scope for increasing net carbon emissions. (4) The carbon budget risk zones identified based on the dominant factors indicate that Chengdu, the main urban areas of Chongqing, Luzhou, Mianyang, and other locations were classified as extremely high-risk areas.

To achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the installed capacity of photovoltaic (PV) power generation in China will continue to grow rapidly, and the land use is a key issue facing its development. Floating PV, as an important PV development mode, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, shows significant benefits over land-based PV in terms of land conservation, water evaporation reduction, PV performance improvement and mitigation of aquatic weed growth. Also, if floating PV could be integrated with existing hydropower, it would contribute to the transmission and large-scale consumption of PV power generation. However, these benefits are often presented in a qualitative manner and systematic quantitative analysis has not yet been available. Based on hydropower plant information, meteorological data, PV system performance model and water evaporation model for water bodies covered by PV system, this paper evaluates the potential power generation, land conservation and water evaporation reduction benefits from floating PV in the "existing hydropower + floating PV" power generation system, and the feasibility of implementation of the system, taking the Upper Yellow River from Eling Lake estuary to Qingtong Gorge as the study area. The results show that if the floating PV system covers 10% of the water area at the existing hydropower reservoirs, the annual economic benefits in terms of power generation, land saving and water evaporation saving are 5.38 billion yuan, 0.078 billion yuan and 0.052 billion yuan, respectively, with a cumulative annual economic benefit of 5.51 billion yuan. The total investment and potential net income at the end of the lifecycle are 93.06 billion yuan and 41.47 billion yuan, respectively, with an average return on investment of 1.78%, which makes the construction economically feasible. The results of this paper confirm the comprehensive benefits of the "hydropower+floating PV" power generation system, which can help China to adjust and optimize the relevant policies as well as contribute to the sustainable development of PV projects.

How to judge the water environment effect of industrial transfer in the context of industrial development is the urgent need to realize high-quality development and build a beautiful China in the new development pattern. Using the data of 31 provincial-level regions in China from 2016 to 2022, we apply the dynamic deviation-share method to measure the scale and trend of industrial transfer, and adopt the industrial gray water footprint to calculate the amount of industrial water pollution, and use the Spatial Durbin Model to analyze the ''pollution paradise'' or ''pollution halo'' effect of the water environment of the current industrial transfer. The Spatial Durbin Model is used to analyze the ''pollution paradise'' or ''pollution halo'' effect of the current industrial transfer. The following conclusions are drawn: The industrial transfer shows the compound water environment effect of ''pollution paradise'' and ''pollution halo''. The water pollution in the receiving place shows the effect of ''pollution paradise'' due to the deepening of industrial transfer. Industrial transfer reduces the total amount of industrial water pollution in China, but this ''pollution halo'' effect has not been fully confirmed. The water environment effect of industrial transfer varies according to the type of industry and region. The results show that there is a ''pollution paradise'' crisis and a ''pollution halo'' transformation opportunity for industrial transfer in the new development pattern. Therefore, China should seize the time window of industrial transfer and promote industrial upgrading to better adapt to the water resource constraints and environmental protection needs in the new development pattern.

This paper examines the trade-offs and synergies among the value of cultivated land resources, a critical consideration for ensuring farmers' livelihoods, supporting natural ecosystem management, and promoting integrated sustainable development in agroforestry systems. The study employs grids as accounting units for these resources, elucidating the economic-social-ecological trade-off/synergy mechanisms. It further clarifies the accounting results of cultivated land resource assets in Guangxi. The research utilizes methods such as spatial overlay, Spearman correlation, and the PPF model to comprehensively investigate the spatial heterogeneity, interrelationships, and optimal combinations under the trade-off/synergy relationship of cultivated land resource asset values. The results show that: (1) The total value of cultivated land resources in Guangxi is estimated at 12837.519 billion. Among the three types of values, ecological value (62.76%) exceeds both social value (32.98%) and economic value (4.26%), with all demonstrating pronounced spatial distribution characteristics in the central part. (2) The value of these cultivated land resource assets primarily stems from a strong trade-off and low synergy relationship concentrated in Guangxi's central region, while areas exhibiting high synergy and weak trade-off constitute 18.45% and 9.43%, respectively. (3) In most cities, the relationship between economic and social values tends to be synergistically enhancing, even overloaded, with a similar trend observed between economy-ecology and society-ecology trade-offs. Consequently, it is advisable to advocate for the recognition and articulation of the value inherent in cultivated land resource assets by introducing tailored strategies for enhancing value synergy. Such an approach can offer novel perspectives and technical assistance to both the theoretical framework and practical applications of natural resource asset value accounting.

The synergistic integration between ecological resources and industrial development plays a pivotal role in supporting regional coordinated development. This study aims to clarify the driving mechanisms underlying this integration by employing a combination of coupling coordination models, obstacle degree models, and geodetectors. These methodologies are applied to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics, obstacle factors, and driving factors of synergistic integration across 24 counties in the Western Hunan region from 2000 to 2021. The findings indicate several key trends: (1) The comprehensive level of ecological resources and the industrial development level in this study area have both demonstrated a significant upward trajectory over the study period. (2) Despite a gradual improvement in the overall synergy between ecological resources and industrial development, notable spatial disparities persist, characterized by a "high in the northeast, and low in the southwest" pattern. However, this spatial disparity has shown signs of narrowing over time. (3) The main obstacles to achieving effective synergistic integration include the production capacity of ecological resources, the availability and quality of ecological environmental resources, and the levels of open and innovative development within the region. (4) Key driving factors for promoting synergistic integration have been identified, including people's livelihood, economic development level, government policy regulation, market investment, the aggregation of the labor population, and urban development level. These findings provide critical insights and theoretical support for other underdeveloped regions, offering a potential pathway for pursuing green development strategies that are well-aligned with the local economic base and resource endowment. This research contributes to the broader understanding of how to harmonize ecological preservation with industrial growth, ultimately supporting the sustainable development goals of regions similar to Western Hunan.

The imbalance between urban and rural development is a prominent contradiction in China's economic and social development. To fundamentally resolve this problem, it is necessary to take the path of urban-rural integrated development. The county is a crucial support for urban-rural integration. Accurately grasping the multidimensional spatiotemporal characteristics of urban-rural integration within the county domain and clarifying the mechanism by which element flow impacts urban-rural integrated development is of great significance for enriching the theoretical system of common prosperity in the New Era. Based on flow space theory, this study analyzed the theoretical mechanism of element flow on urban-rural integrated development and constructed an evaluation index system for integration at the county scale from eight elements: population, land, ecological environment, capital, industry, technology, management, and data. An empirical analysis was conducted on 64 counties in the Wuling Mountain Area, Central China. The research results showed that: (1) During the sample period, the level of urban-rural integrated development in the study area showed a continuous upward trend. (2) The number of low-level urban-rural integrated areas in this region was decreasing, while that of high-level areas was increasing, generally presenting a spatial distribution pattern of "hotspots in the south, and coldspots in the west," with the standard deviation ellipse showing a trend of moving from southeast to northwest. (3) The overall disparity in the level of urban-rural integrated development was decreasing, with intra-regional differences being the main source. (4) Fiscal decentralization and industrial structure had significant inhibitory effects on the integration of urban and rural areas, while fiscal expenditure and financial efficiency had significant promoting effects on the integrated development. The impact of these factors on urban-rural integration varied depending on altitude and whether the area was an ethnic minority autonomous county. To achieve high-quality urban-rural integrated development, it was necessary to focus on the spatial and temporal characteristics of urban-rural integration development, make full use of resource endowments and locational advantages to achieve differentiated development, and pay attention to specific factors affecting urban-rural integration. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the implementation of urban-rural integrated development in mountainous county regions.

The research of biocultural diversity in agricultural heritage sites is of significant practical importance for the formulation of protection and development plans for agricultural heritage and the sustainable development of the social-ecological systems in these sites. This research focuses on the nationally important agricultural heritage "Hubei Enshi Yulu Tea Culture System" and uses employs methods such as ArcGIS spatial analysis, coupling coordination degree model, and geographically weighted regression model to establish a zoning method for the protection of agricultural heritage from the perspective of biocultural diversity. The research results indicate that: (1) The spatial differentiation characteristics of biocultural diversity in Enshi Yulu Tea Culture System are evident, with a high overlap between biodiversity and cultural diversity. High-value areas of biocultural diversity are primarily distributed in the northern and southwestern regions, specifically on slopes and in valleys at altitudes of 500 m to 1500 m, forming continuous planar areas along riverbanks. (2) Incorporating high-value areas of biocultural diversity into the heritage protection scope results in an optimized total area of 2925 km², enhancing the spatial continuity and integrity of biocultural diversity. (3) The coupling coordination degree of biocultural diversity generally exhibits a distribution pattern of "high in the north and south, while low in the east and west", with high-value areas often showing a high-quality coupling state, while low-value areas tend to exhibit a general coupling state. (4) The heritage site is predominantly driven by factors such as relevant plants, traditional customs, and traditional crafts, leading to the formation of different coupling coordination relationships in the region, which in turn creates unique representations of biocultural diversity. The study recommends designating high-quality coupling coordination areas as core zones, emphasizing the integrated development of traditional agriculture and culture, with an area of 1256 km². The general coupling coordination area, as a heritage buffer zone, emphasizes the dynamic balance between ecosystems and cultural traditions, with an area of 1669 km².

Revenue from natural resource assets owned by the whole people is an important part of national fiscal revenue, and strengthening budget management is of great significance in realizing the rights and interests and fulfilling the responsibilities of owners of natural resource assets owned by the whole people. Based on the logic of principal-agent theory, holistic governance theory, compound budget principle and benefit principle, this paper argues that the implementation of the budget for natural resource assets owned by the whole people is a necessary choice to promote the unification of the rights and responsibilities of natural resource asset owners. The implementation of the budget for natural resource assets owned by the whole people is not only conducive to optimizing the structure of fiscal revenue, realizing the central and local government fiscal rights and expenditure responsibilities in the field of natural resources, and dealing with the relationship between the government and the market, but also an important way to strengthen the overall function of the full-caliber budget and further improve the full-caliber budget management system. Under the background of the pilot commissioning mechanism for the ownership of natural resource assets owned by the whole people and the new round of reform of the fiscal and tax system, based on adjustments to the government revenue and expenditure classification accounts, this paper believes that the gradual transition from "government fund budget" to "budget for natural resource assets owned by the whole people" and the gradual transition from "state-owned capital operating budget" to "budget for assets and capital operations owned by the whole people" are the two alternative ways of implementing the budget for natural resource assets owned by the whole people. In addition, the implementation of the budget for natural resource assets owned by the whole people should focus on the four aspects of "value accounting, budget harmonization, planning and adjustment, and performance evaluation". This paper puts forward a prototype of the budget for natural resource assets owned by the whole people, which provides a reference for decision-making to improve the natural resource asset revenue management system and standardize government revenues and expenditures in the field of natural resources.

Under the goal of common prosperity, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the impact of farmland transfer on farmers' livelihood resilience to better exert the positive co-enrichment effect of farmland transfer. Based on the survey data of 329 typical farmers in Shenyang, a theoretical analysis framework is constructed, under the goal of common prosperity and farmers' dominant position. Quantitative and qualitative research methods are used in this paper. The comprehensive index method is used to measure farmers' livelihood resilience index, and then the propensity score matching method (PSM) is used to quantitatively test the effect of farmland transfer on farmers' livelihood resilience. Then the grounded theory method is applied to qualitatively analyze the impact mechanism. The results show that: (1) The overall livelihood resilience level of farmers in Shenyang is not high, especially in the buffer capacity and self-organization capacity. In comparison, the livelihood resilience index of transfer farmers is higher than that of the non-transfer farmers, and has advantages in three dimensions of livelihood resilience. By using PSM to reduce sample self-selection bias, the estimation results show that farmland transfer can effectively improve the level of farmers' livelihood resilience. (2) Under the impact of farmland transfer, the farmers' livelihood resilience generally develops and changes along the mechanism path of "shock disturbance-buffer recovery-path alienation", which further affects the realization of common prosperity. It is recommended to continue to improve the farmland transfer system for the goal of common prosperity, guide and encourage farmers to orderly transfer farmland, and strengthen the risk prevention and control mechanism of farmland transfer to prevent farmers from falling into the situation of livelihood stagnation or decline.

Regional specialized markets are crucial for revitalization of industries related to modern rural services and the processing and circulation of agricultural products. The choice of new paths for regional specialized markets is a hot topic in economic geography. Based on the relevant theories in evolutionary economic geography. This paper analyzes the mechanism of path upgrading of traditional specialized market in a multi-scale environment from the perspective of key actors. We take Eqiao tea market in Wuhu, Anhui province as an example, and draws on qualitative research methods such as historical document analysis, field research and in-depth interviews. The study found that: (1) The development and evolution of Eqiao tea market can be divided into three stages of embryonic formation, rapid expansion and functional expansion, which corresponds to the three path upgrading stages from scratch, from inside to outside the region, and from real space to the integration of real and virtual space. (2) The derivation mechanism led by pioneer farmers, the agglomeration mechanism led by local governments, and the diffusion mechanism led by tea merchants, respectively, have promoted the three paths of upgrading. (3) The path upgrading mechanism of regional specialized markets is the result of various types of key actors and participants integrating regional assets at different spatial scales and responding to institutional and policy incentives to meet market demand. Among them, market force as the core driving force, social force as the basic driving force, and government force as the auxiliary driving force have jointly promoted the upgrading processes. Eqiao tea market grows in the underdeveloped rural field, the innate foundation does not have the core information and channel advantages of the professional market. Its path upgrading process and unique enrichment effect provide a theoretical basis and case study for the creation of new paths in disadvantaged regions in the current rural revitalization strategy. This paper introduces the notion of future expectation into the regional path upgrading and finds that that key actors in the Eqiao tea market, guided by future economic, political, and environmental expectations, have engaged in a series of organizational activities, which in turn have contributed to its three path upgrades. Therefore, this paper extends the traditional path dependence theory and regional path upgrading research in evolutionary economic geography by focusing on the two-stage theoretical paradigm of the past foundation and the present context. Moreover, this paper deepens the regularity perception of the regional path upgrading process and enriches the case of path upgrading in less developed regions.

Utilizing green financial policies to promote green transformation of enterprises is not only a requirement for high-quality development of enterprises, but also an important part of building a green financial theory with Chinese characteristics. Selecting A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2008 to 2021 as research samples, a PSM-DID model is employed with the Green Credit Guidelines as a natural experiment. This study establishes an evaluation index system from five dimensions: green production, green innovation, environmental quality, social sharing, and green system to comprehensively evaluate the green development of enterprises, and explores the effects and mechanisms of green credit policies on the green development of enterprises. Research has found that the implementation of green credit policies has significantly promoted the green development of enterprises, and improved the levels of green production, green innovation, environmental quality, and green institution. From the perspective of enterprise investment structure, it has been verified that green credit policies can facilitate the green development of enterprises through investment duration, investment risk bearing capacity, and digital investment. From a dimensional perspective, emphasizing long-term investment can help improve green production, green innovation and environmental quality for enterprises. The increase in investment risk bearing capacity is conducive to enhancing the level of green production, innovation, and institutional management for enterprises. The raising of digital investment helps to improve the green institutional management of enterprises. Heterogeneity testing found that green credit policies have a significant promoting effect on the green development of small-scale enterprises, enterprises in central and western regions, and enterprises in high-intensity environmental regulation areas.

Enhanced agricultural green productivity is a crucial pathway to ensure food security and promote the green transformation of agricultural production. This article incorporated the analytical framework of rural industrial integration, taking into account the perspective of rural land inward transfer, to explore strategies for improving agricultural green productivity. Furthermore, it investigated the transmission mechanism through which rural land inward transfer affected agricultural green productivity in grain production. Empirical tests were conducted using a sample of 1214 grain farmers from Heilongjiang province, Hubei province, and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. The results indicated that: (1) Rural land inward transfer behavior and stability significantly enhanced farmers' agricultural green productivity. (2) Rural land inward transfer improved agricultural green productivity by enhancing promoting service outsourcing. (3) Participation in rural industrial integration strengthened the promotional effect of rural land inward transfer on agricultural green productivity. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the system for rural land inward transfer, promote appropriate scale management of rural lands, prioritize the development and advancement of rural industrial integration while fully leveraging the important role played by service outsourcing to enhance income quality. These measures will effectively improve agricultural green productivity.

Exploring the exit mechanism of homestead withdrawal in metropolitan areas is crucial for improving the public governance of rural resource governance, as well as enhancing the living quality of farmers. Taking Chang'an town, Haining city, Zhejiang province as a case study, based on the logical framework of "problem identification-context seeking-mechanism analysis" and utilizing Ostrom's Social-Ecological System (SES) analysis framework, this paper identifies the key issues in homestead withdraw actions. The research findings are as follows: (1) Chang'an town faces dual realistic pressure of resource scarcity and governance challenges. (2) Influenced by collective action, the overall relocation rate of groups affected farmers' willingness to withdraw, with farmers possessing high autonomy in decision-making, while local governments serves as coordinators and arbitrators; the withdrawal process optimizes urban-rural spatial structure and revitalizes rural land. (3) Dynamic mechanism, circulation mechanism and resettlement mechanism are key paths to achieving homestead withdrawal, exhibiting both incentive and constraint effects. (4) Future efforts should focus on the distribution of public resources' benefit, constructing a homestead withdrawal path that can reduce restriction mechanism and strengthening incentive mechanism. The results of our study provide theoretical references for deepening homestead reform and offer policy recommendations for practitioners implementing homestead withdrawal.

Grain production capacity is the first essential to ensure food security. Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the rapid urbanization process and significant climate change, China's grain production capacity has undergone a significant spatial reconstruction process. Based on the long-term multi-source provincial panel data from 2000 to 2022, this paper deconstructs the spatial reconstruction process of China's grain production capacity, identifies the dominant driving factors and key driving mechanisms, in order to provide scientific reference for China's food security and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The results show that: (1) China's grain production capacity shows spatial and temporal significance and complexity in terms of production quantity, production potential and production structure. (2) The spatial center of gravity of the grain production quantity shifted from Southern Henan to Northern Henan and Southern Hebei. (3) The spatial autocorrelation and spatial stratification heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of production capacity are significant and increasing. The expansion and reduction of inter-provincial differences in production capacity coexist, and the primary distribution characteristics are not prominent and continue to weaken. (4) There are dimensional heterogeneity in the driving factors of production quantity, production potential and production structure. The two main controlling factors of climate change and urbanization are changing in the process of spatial reconstruction of grain production capacity. Climate change is dominant in the early stage and urbanization is dominant in the later stage. (5) Under the coupling of urbanization and climate change, the nonlinear spatial reconstruction process of grain production capacity occurs at three levels of production quantity, production structure and production potential. (6) Agricultural policies can directly inhibit excessive "non-grain" and "non-agricultural" transformation by ensuring agricultural land input and increasing agricultural economic benefits, thereby regulating production structure, ensuring production quantity and improving grain production capacity.

At present, the core of China's food safety problem is structural safety and nutritional safety. Based on the data of food production, consumption and trade in China, this paper calculates the scale of food gap from the dimensions of consumption, trade and nutrition, and introduces the concepts of virtual water and virtual land to calculate the water and soil resource gap. On this basis, the solution path of food gap is constructed under the guidance of the concept of the greater food approach. The research indicates that: (1) On the supply side, while food production capacity is increasing, the external dependence for some food items is also rising. The production structure shows a trend of reduced proportions of grains and pork, and expanded proportions of corn, poultry meat, vegetables, etc. On the demand side, apparent food demand is generally increasing, and the dietary structure is transitioning from a "grain and vegetable-based" type to a "grain, meat, vegetable, and fruit diversified" type. (2) Through comprehensive analysis of consumption, trade, and nutrition, it is found that nine types of food, including corn and soybeans, have gaps. The virtual water and virtual land gaps are 269.55 billion m³ and 68.8283 million ha respectively, with gap ratios of 22.49% and 40.80%, respectively. (3) Adjusting dietary structure, reducing and substituting the use of soybean meal for animal feed, and developing and utilizing backup resources can mitigate resource gaps and ensure food security. Among these, adopting a healthy dietary pattern can save 275.987 billion m³ of virtual water and 92.7871 million ha of virtual land. Implementing the greater food approach concept urgently requires the establishment of a macro food system security responsibility mechanism, optimization of food security evaluation standards and evaluation systems, and guanantee of food security from the perspective of the entire industry chain and comprehensive resource utilization.

The Food Security Law of the PCR stipulates the system of regulating the planting structure of cultivated land and its legal responsibilities, reflecting the legal guidance of strengthening the control of "non-grain conversion" of cultivated land and ensuring food security in China. In order to promote the legalization process of "non-grain conversion" regulation, it is necessary to improve the theoretical and legal system of "non-grain conversion" regulation by illustrating the meaning of the regulation, analyzing the legitimacy of the control, clarifying its limits and improving compensation mechanism for the regulation. Regulation of "non-grain conversion" of cultivated land can be narrowly defined as the prohibitive or restrictive control of "grain to non-grain conversion" and "non-cultivated-land conversion" of cultivated land. The control of "non-grain conversion" of cultivated land for land social obligation against specific economic and social backgrounds is justified in restricting the autonomous cultivation rights of cultivated land rights holders, but this restriction should be limited to certain areas. That is, the prohibition of "grain to non-grain conversion" should be limited to the grain production functional zone. The ban on "non-cultivated-land conversion" or "non-edible-crop conversion" restriction should be confined to permanent basic farmland. The regulation on the high standard farmland can be adjusted according to different situations. While the general cultivated land apart from the permanent basic farmland should be restricted only by "non-cultivated-land conversion". In view of the theory of natural resource rights restriction, the government should compensate for the opportunity losses caused to cultivated land owners, cultivated land contracted management rights holders, and cultivated land management rights holders through direct and indirect means. The regulation is supervised and implemented by the natural resources authority through the spatial planning system, and the implementation and compensation of the control are ultimately supervised and managed by the agricultural and rural authorities. In conclusion, this study can provide reference for legislation of regulation and compensation of "non-grain conversion" of cultivated land and improving China's cultivated land protection system.

Horizontal ecological compensation serves as a pivotal safeguard for ensuring equitable access to survival, environmental, and developmental rights across diverse regions. It is also a crucial approach for fostering inter-regional harmony, balance, and sustainable progress. This study zeroed in on the Chishui River Basin, aiming to scientifically quantify the ecological compensation amount based on the ecosystem services' value. We further established a horizontal ecological compensation mechanism that encompassed the government, enterprises, and other stakeholders through the identification of both compensated and paying regions. The key findings were: (1) The upstream and western bank areas of the Chishui River Basin constitute the compensated regions, covering 54.8% of the basin's total area. Conversely, the downstream and eastern bank regions, being beneficiaries of ecological protection, represent the paying regions, accounting for 21.3% of the total area. (2) The theoretical compensation amount for the Chishui River Basin in 2021 stood at 7.72 billion yuan. Renhuai city, Huichuan district, Qixingguan district and Bozhou district bored respectively 58.1%, 19.4%, 17.7% and 4.8% of the compensation amount according to the proportion of water consumption. (3) Under the government's guidance, a water fund model tailored to the Chishui River Basin, integrating government and enterprise compensation, had been formulated. This model fostered a collaborative mechanism among multiple stakeholders, promoting the coordinated and equitable development of the watershed through incentives for ecological protection, the development of eco-industries, and the provision of ecological institutions.