Spatial justice refers to social equity in the production of space and the allocation of spatial resources, emphasizing the fairness in the distribution and utilization of spatial resources. In market-based historical and cultural districts, conflicts over the use of space arise among various stakeholders including businesses, residents, and cultural preservationists due to their competing needs and interests. These conflicts often create tensions between development, preservation, and everyday life. This study develops an analytical framework based on spatial production theory to examine the relationships between stakeholders in urban renewal, with a focus on achieving the goal of spatial justice in urban renewal. Using the Thirteen Hongs Historic Block in Guangzhou as a case study, the research draws on historical records, in-depth interviews, and survey data to uncover the root causes of spatial conflicts and the underlying factors and consequences of spatial injustice in market-based historic block. The findings reveal that spatial practices in the Thirteen Hongs Historic Block are shaped by the competing interests of government, market actors, and civil society. The unequal distribution of spatial rights has led to fragmented use of space, resulting in contradictions that hinder the realization of historical, economic, and social values. This spatial injustice stems from an imbalance of power, ineffective rule restructuring, and unequal access to resources. To address these issues, the study proposes a spatial justice-oriented approach to urban renewal. This approach includes three related strategies: a shared governance strategy to rebalance power relationships and achieve social equity, a collaborative governance strategy to ensure procedural fairness and institutional justice, a co-creation strategy to establish resource compensation mechanisms and achieve distributive justice. By integrating these strategies, the study aims to achieve a three-dimensional synergy of "value-procedure-outcome" spatial justice, fostering a more equitable and sustainable urban renewal mode.

National parks, as pivotal platforms for safeguarding biodiversity, sustaining ecosystem services, and propelling sustainable development, are progressively evolving into comprehensive platforms that integrate ecological conservation, recreation, education, and science research. Nature study travel, a novel form of activity that integrates nature education with study travel, aims to guide visitors in observing, learning, and experiencing natural ecosystems to enhance their environmental awareness and ecological literacy. The functional positioning of national parks is congruent with the objectives of nature study travel, thereby enabling national parks to provide ample natural resources as a foundation for such activities while concurrently offering suitable spatial and facility support for their implementation. A systematic review of domestic and international theories and research progress on the educational utilization, recreational utilization of national parks, and study travel was conducted to inform the development of a national park nature study travel system framework. This framework comprises four major components: resources and products, operations and management, stakeholders, and support and safeguards. The text subsequently provides a synopsis of the salient research issues, including resource survey and assessment, product design, activity processes and educational effects, multi-party collaboration and community integration, institutional systems and operational performance. Finally, it proposes practical pathways for nature study travel in national parks, tailoring these pathways to China's national conditions. The objective of this study is twofold: first, to furnish the academic community with insights and inspiration; and second, to offer a scientific basis and decision-making support for the optimization of multiple functions and the institutional development of China's national parks.

Against the backdrop of digital-driven industrial ecosystem reconstruction, this study explores how collaborative agglomeration of digital and tourism industries impacts cultural-tourism (CT) integration, with the aim of identifying pathways that transcend traditional development models and foster new poles of high-quality growth. This study employs China's provincial panel data (2012-2022), applying methods such as the coupling coordination degree model, spatial econometric model, and Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR). Key findings are: (1) The collaborative agglomeration shows an imbalanced pattern characterized by an initial "high in the east, low in the west" distribution, which later evolved into an intensified core-periphery structure. Early advantages in eastern coastal areas, driven by technology and policy, were subsequently moderated by technology diffusion, reducing inter-regional disparities. (2) This agglomeration promotes CT integration through a "local reinforcement and neighboring spillover" effect, with the strongest impacts in the eastern region and southeast of the Hu Huanyong Line. GTWR results further reveal that the western region, leveraging its resource endowment and the "East Data, West Computing" project, experiences a growing promotional effect. Conversely, the eastern region's advantage is reinforced through advanced digital applications in the later stage. (3) Threshold effects show no significant nonlinearity, with stable growth. Spatially, areas of Southeast Hu Huanyong Line have obvious synergy (backed by industrial foundations and policies), while central and western regions are hindered by weak technology and infrastructure. Notably, the west has a stronger spatial spillover effect, benefiting from "East Data, West Computing" cost advantages and rich cultural-ecological resources. This study enriches the CT integration theoretical framework and supports regional coordinated development policies. Therefore, it is vital to strengthen inter-regional technological cooperation, optimize the layout of digital infrastructure, and promote a two-way flow of "data-culture" elements to enhance national cultural-tourism integration.

With the advancement of the natural resource asset property rights system reform, the realization of the value of natural resource assets has gradually become a focal point of social attention. Based on the perspective of "asset-capital-funds" transformation, this paper constructs a theoretical framework for the assessment, price formation, and value realization of natural resource assets. It divides asset value into direct and indirect use values and combines asset value assessment with capital accounting methods to empirically analyze the degree of value realization of natural resource assets in Ankang city. The study finds that: (1) The value of natural resource assets in Ankang city is 4.768 trillion yuan, with direct use value amounting for 636.81 billion yuan, primarily from land resources (54.04%) and forest resources (35.51%); the indirect use value is 206.57 billion yuan, discounted to 4.131 trillion yuan, mainly from climate regulation (40.70%), water conservation (35.12%), and cultural services (12.14%). (2) Through market transactions, ecological compensation, and concession transactions, the capital of Ankang's natural resource assets is calculated to be 1.457 trillion yuan. (3) The annual cash realization of Ankang city's natural resource asset value is 62.26 billion yuan, discounted to 1.187 trillion yuan, with the realization shares through market transactions, concessions, and ecological compensation accounting for 53.68%, 42.17%, and 4.16%, respectively. (4) There is still room for improvement in the realization of the value of natural resource assets in Ankang, with the broad (capitalized) realization degree at 30.56% and the narrow (funded) realization degree at 24.94%. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for promoting the realization of natural resource asset value.

Against the backdrop of global environmental changes and the ongoing advancement of China's ecological civilization, the natural resources science must deepen its theoretical foundations and refine its academic system to address pressing challenges such as population-resource conflicts. Based on a review of the development trajectory of natural resource science, this paper focuses on the interaction and coordination between "space" and "elements" and proposes a disciplinary framework for natural resource planning centered on the "space-element-planning" triad. The proposed framework takes "spatial positioning-element allocation-planning coordination" as its logical starting point and builds the disciplinary content system around three key dimensions: revealing spatial patterns, optimizing element configurations, and constructing spatial support. Looking ahead, the development of natural resource planning should be guided by indigenous knowledge innovation, supported by interdisciplinary curricula, and driven by major scientific and technological missions. This will promote the establishment of a robust discipline of natural resource planning that supports the unified management of natural resources and territorial spatial governance, contributing to the realization of Chinese-style modernization characterized by harmony between humanity and nature.

Based on the theory of cultural ecosystem services (CESs) and the simultaneous development of five educations, this study constructs a comprehensive framework to elucidate the mechanisms among landscape education, CESs values, and natural resources teaching. It compiles expert evaluations of illustrations from middle school geography textbooks and a collection of study-tour itineraries for Gansu province. Using methods including categorical statistics, kernel density estimation, and MaxEnt model prediction, the study assesses the CESs values of natural resources featured in middle school geography curricula and Gansu study sites, and explores pathways through which value evaluation can advance natural resources teaching. Findings indicate: (1) Digital landscapes convey the digital CESs values in theoretical teaching through multimedia courseware, textbook illustrations, and other forms. Students perceive the physical CESs values via observation, experience and research. The values of CESs provide a pivotal basis for selecting teaching materials and field sites. (2) The illustrations in chapters such as "Resources Security and National Security" carry high value. Mixed multiple illustrations layouts better express educational and spiritual values. Chapter cover illustrations convey aesthetic values, and educational and spiritual are strongly linked. Values evaluation informs textbook revision through the selection of graphic and textual cases, innovative arrangement methods, optimized visual effects, and exploration of ideological and political elements. (3) Study-tour courses in Gansu show overall agglomerative spatial distribution. Lanzhou city and surrounding counties are the main high-value areas for five types of CESs. The high-value areas in the Hexi Corridor are concentrated in oases and cities. Value distribution is highly correlated with the density of primary and secondary schools in the region. Values assessment guides study-tour product development and practical education-based construction. The research has practical significance in refining teaching strategies and objectives across educational levels, optimizing teaching resources, and linking of theory with practice in teaching.

Land-sea integration is the core value orientation for the synergistic utilization of terrestrial and marine space and resources in China. To construct a coastal human settlement environment system featuring human-land (sea) interaction under the multidimensional goals of land-sea integration, this paper proposes the concept of the "Key Zone of Land-Sea Integration" and its spatial structure of "supporting zone-core zone-associated zone-hinterland zone". The Key Zone of Land-Sea Integration implements the research perspective of the coastal human settlement environment system in terms of scope definition, hierarchical structure, research priorities, and development dimensions. It follows the research approach of "spatial structure-geomorphic pattern-ecological network-human settlement order", couples the multidimensional values of "ecology-economy-space-culture-society", and puts forward key research issues. Specifically, in scope definition, it clarifies the spatial scope integrating land and sea, covering both coastal areas and their adjacent terrestrial and marine extensions. In hierarchical structure, it establishes a multi-level system to adapt to analyses and management at different scales. In research priorities, it focuses on the dynamic interactions between human activities and the natural environment within the zone. In development dimensions, it emphasizes the balance among economic growth, social progress, and ecological protection. Focusing on the integration of human-land (sea) interaction and the integration of land-sea multidimensional values at the urban scale from the perspective of the coastal human settlement system environment, the Key Zone of Land-Sea Coordination proposes clear spatial objects and carriers. It will further promote the integration of land-sea coordinated territorial spatial planning and governance, break down traditional barriers between land and sea management, and facilitate high-quality development of coastal human settlement by guiding rational spatial layout, efficient resource utilization, and harmonious coexistence between human and nature. Thus, it provides theoretical support and practical guidance for advancing systematic management of coastal areas and optimizing the sustainable development pattern of coastal human settlement.

International digital infrastructure represented by submarine cables has important strategic value in information transmission, economic and trade stability, and military security, and can provide solid support for the spatial selection of China's overseas strategic pivots (COSPs). Based on the theoretical framework of spatial selection of COSPs and the distribution pattern of global submarine cable network, we identified global Internet gateways and then screened COSPs at the regional, national and teleport scales. The results show that: (1) Overseas strategic pivot is further extension of Internet gateway, which endows the latter with a pivot attribute and strategic meaning on the basis of its connotation. The identification logic of COSPs based on submarine cable network follows the three-level spatial scale of ''region-country-teleport'', and geopolitical theory, new state space theory and location theory respectively dominate the spatial selection of COSPs at higher scale, mesoscale and lower scale. They each have their own focus and are nested with each other, forming a logical framework of the spatial selection of COSPs based on submarine cable network. (2) The global submarine cable network exhibits a distinct spatial imbalance, a pattern further diversified by the cumulative effects of scale on node distribution. However, regardless of the scale, the global submarine cable network has formed a ''one heart, three poles, three corridors'' pattern with the rimland of the Eurasian continent as the heart, the United States, the United Kingdom and Singapore as the three poles, and the three main corridors spanning the North Atlantic, the southeastern and the southwestern sea area of the Eurasian continent. (3) The spatial selection results of COSPs have geographical proximity and similarity, mainly distributed in six strategic zones, namely East Asia-Southeast Asia strategic zone, Persian Gulf-Red Sea strategic zone, Mediterranean-Europe West Coast strategic zone, Africa West Coast strategic zone, Caribbean strategic zone, and Eastern North Pacific strategic zone, presenting a ''core-expansion-periphery'' distribution pattern. The results can enrich the research framework of submarine cable and strategic pivot, providing theoretical reference and policy inspiration for expanding China's overseas interests.

The realization of Chinese path to modernization depends on the construction of a high-quality territorial space system. The essence of territorial space lies in the orderly support of human activities, with the goal of realizing the value of territorial space, and the bottom line is to ensure the security of territorial space. The territorial space system constitutes an organic whole centered on the human-nature system, formed through the interaction of various systems within a defined spatial range according to specific ordering principles. It comprises a static system grounded in natural resources and a dynamic system driven by human activities. Connectivity within the territorial space system arises from the circulation and energy flows of human and natural materials, manifesting as interlinkages among food, water, energy and ecology. This system exhibits spatiotemporal continuity, nesting between different levels and scales, and demonstrates the transience and mobility inherent to resulting flow spaces. The development and evolution of the territorial space system require support and guidance from the territorial spatial planning system, ultimately achieving enduring sustainability within the territorial space governance system. This progression facilitates the realization of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.

Rural hollowing reflects spatial-functional misalignment among population, land, and industry during rural restructuring. Understanding its morphology and dynamics is essential for formulating precise, geography-informed rural revitalization strategies. This study explores the Zhuhai-Bayannur transect encompassing 224 counties, with a particular emphasis on the spatial heterogeneity of rural hollowing shaped by variations in physical geography and socio-economic development. The research constructs a multidimensional assessment framework that examines rural hollowing through the lenses of population dynamics, land utilization, and industrial structure. It further delivers a systematic interpretation of the spatial differentiation and temporal progression of rural hollowing, while elucidating the principal driving mechanisms behind its formation. The research findings are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2020, rural hollowing in the sample belt progressively intensified. Spatially, it demonstrates zonal differentiation, tiered advancement, and spatial agglomeration. (2) Rural hollowing exhibits significant gradient characteristics. The eastern region remains relatively stable, the central region has undergone rapid development, while the western region has remained persistently high. The severity of hollowing increases with elevation. Municipal districts, which began experiencing hollowing earlier, exhibit the slowest growth rate, while county-level regions, which lagged behind, show the fastest acceleration. (3) Geographically weighted regression analysis reveals that seven factors consistently and significantly influence rural hollowing, with marked spatial heterogeneity. The ratio of agricultural population to the total population and per capita net income of rural residents act as constraints on rural hollowing, while per-unit fiscal revenue exerts a predominantly positive influence. The growth in urbanization rate does not exert a sustained impact on rural hollowing. (4) Utilizing self-organizing map clustering and zonal methodologies, the sample belt is classified into seven typological regions of hollowing. Each zone displays distinct characteristics driven by disparities in natural endowments and economic development. Drawing on the findings, this paper proposes tailored governance strategies for region-specific subsystems to mitigate rural decline and underpin sustainable development and revitalization efforts.

At the end of 2020, the tough battle against poverty achieved a comprehensive victory, but the problem of poverty has not been completely resolved. The manifestation and governance situation of poverty have undergone new changes, and preventing large-scale poverty relapse has become a fundamental project for promoting modernization of agriculture, rural areas, and state governance. Based on a comprehensive review of the theoretical connotations of poverty reversion across multiple disciplines, this study employs bibliometric analysis method to investigate the research trajectory and key issues surrounding the study of poverty reversion, while also offering insights into potential avenues for future research expansion. The results show that: (1) Academic research on poverty reversion has evolved through three distinct phases: theoretical introduction and causal analysis, thematic expansion and methodological innovation, and academic deepening with an application-oriented focus. (2) Research on poverty reversion spans the entire process of "forward-looking prevention-procedural diagnosis-systematic governance". It has accumulated extensive research achievements and practical experiences, focusing on core topics such as the measurement and early-warning of poverty reversion risks, the inducing factors and processes of poverty reversion, and regional models and pathways for preventing the poverty reversion. (3) From the perspective of research outlook, future studies on poverty reversion should engage in more extensive and in-depth discussions focusing on theoretical localization, governance digitization, thematic deepening, and global perspectives, in order to better serve poverty governance practices, rural revitalization, and rural modernization strategies.

Ecosystem assets, as an important part of the natural resource assets to support human socio-economic development, are the basis for the provision of ecosystem products and services to humans, and consequently for the generation of ecological benefits and gross ecosystem product, including natural ecosystems such as forests and grasslands, artificial ecosystems based on natural ecological processes such as farmland and urban green space, as well as wildlife resources. Ecosystem asset quality is the synthesis of structural and functional characteristics of ecosystems, reflecting the capacity to provide ecosystem services sustainably. Assessing the ecosystem asset quality is one of the most complex parts in ecosystem asset accounting. As a new perspective of ecosystem accounting, ecosystem asset quality emphasizes both natural and socio-economic attributes of ecosystems, which is highly significant in promoting ecosystem valorization, ecosystem asset management and the realization of the value of ecosystem products. In this review, we systematically summarize the concepts, assessment methods and indicators of ecosystem asset quality, and also provide an overview of global relevant cases. Issues, such as the improvement of the indicator system and the comprehensive assessment, and suggestions for the assessment of ecosystem asset quality are proposed to establish a framework for future research, and to promote global ecosystem assessment and accounting with its application in ecological and environmental protection policymaking.

Land system science is dedicated to addressing complex socio-economic and ecological challenges and developing sustainable land use solutions. Food inherently serves as a critical link between human societal systems and natural systems. Ensuring food security is not only a key component of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals but also a crucial task for China's agricultural production transformation and people's livelihoods improvement. This study systematically analyzes the research topics and key advancements in land system science related to food security goals. The findings reveal that, due to the land's position at the intersection of multiple interests associated with sustainable social development, the non-linear transformations and complex feedback mechanisms within land systems endow land system science with four prominent characteristics: interdisciplinarity, systematicity, sustainability, and complexity. In the realm of food security, land system science has achieved notable successes, encompassing five core research areas: land use strategies, land use transitions, land use telecoupling mechanisms, land use demand modelling, and the optimization of land management systems. These studies present the transformative trend towards emphasizing the significance of cross-spatiotemporal spillover effects, adopting systematic and holistic perspectives, and underscoring the sustainable development goals. Future research should be grounded in the logical foundation of food "flow spaces" and the food value chain, employing systems thinking to develop sustainable land use solutions and strengthen land system science in the areas of integrated research on multi-element coupling and interdisciplinary theoretical innovations, so as to contribute to the realization of food security goals.

The energy conservation and emission reduction fiscal policy is a major institutional innovation in China's green finance sector and is crucial for achieving the "dual carbon" goals. This paper takes the pilot comprehensive demonstration cities for this policy as the exogenous policy impact, and analyzes its effects on energy and industrial structure transformation using a difference-in-differences model and a dual machine learning model. The results indicate that establishing comprehensive demonstration cities significantly enhances the optimization of energy structure and the upgrading of industrial structure in the region. These conclusions remain robust after a series of tests, including parallel trend and heterogeneous treatment effects. Mechanism analysis shows that the policy pilot can improve energy and industrial structures by promoting energy- and environment-oriented technologies and capacity utilization. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the implementation effect of the pilot policy is more prominent in core large cities, non-industrial base cities, highly market-oriented cities, and cities with low financial pressure. Further research demonstrates that constructing demonstration cities offers obvious advantages in promoting the realization of six tasks initially set by the policy, including industrial decarbonization, clean transportation, green building, service intensification, reduction of major pollutants, and large-scale utilization of renewable energy. The findings of the study provide valuable insights for designing and implementing more comprehensive green fiscal policies in China in the future.

As urbanization dynamics transform and dominant social challenges change, population migration in China has exhibited distinct new trends. Understanding the regional opportunity factors that shape migration is crucial for uncovering the driving forces behind these changes. This study builds on the theoretical framework of regional opportunity structures, developing an evaluation system that uses the entropy weight method, the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory method, and self-organizing map neural network techniques to assess and categorize the regional opportunity levels of China's prefecture-level cities. Using data from CMDS 2017, the research explores how regional opportunity levels affect both the mobility-stickiness of population migration. The main findings are as follows: (1) By introducing the geographical concept of "regional opportunities" into population migration research, this study creates a "mobility-stickiness" analytical framework. This framework investigates how spatial differences in regional opportunities shape migration behavior, focusing on four key dimensions: economic development opportunities, life service opportunities, institutional and cultural opportunities, and natural environment opportunities. (2) The overall regional opportunity levels in China are generally aligned with the levels of regional economic development and can be categorized into seven distinct clusters. (3) Major urban agglomerations and provincial capital cities are the primary destinations for population migration. Economic opportunities remain a key driver of migration from a mobility perspective, while differences in migration destinations and motivations shape the diverse impacts of various opportunity dimensions from a retention perspective. Individual characteristics also play a significant role in moderating how regional opportunities impact migration decisions. (4) Based on the influence of the dominant and limiting factors of regional opportunities on population migration, the study identifies four types of regional opportunity models: hard-factor dominant zones, hard-factor constrained zones, soft-factor dominant zones, and soft-factor constrained zones. Targeted strategies are suggested to address the unique challenges and strengths of each type. The framework for analyzing regional opportunities proposed in this study offers broad applicability beyond China, providing valuable insights for designing population management and regional development policies in other contexts.

Neo-endogenous development is an important way to realise the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and the reform of the land property rights system plays an important role in activating the internal and external development momentum of agriculture and rural areas. Based on the multi-period double-difference method, the study analyses and examines the impact of "Three Rights Separation" of agricultural land on the neo-endogenous development of agriculture and rural areas and its mechanism of action using balanced panel data of 206 prefecture-level cities in China from 2008 to 2022. The study finds that: (1) "Three Rights Separation" of agricultural land significantly improves the level of neo-endogenous development in agriculture and rural areas. (2) Promoting land scale and attracting capital investment are two important channels through which we can exert the policy effect of "Three Rights Separation" of agricultural land. (3) "Three Rights Separation" of agricultural land has significantly raised the level of neo-endogenous development in agriculture and rural areas. (4) "Three Rights Separation" of agricultural land will enhance the level of neo-endogenous development of agriculture and rural areas to a greater extent in areas with a lower degree of deepening of agricultural capital and better scientific and educational environments, and the policy effect will not be significantly different due to the loss of rural labour and the differences in natural resource endowment. This paper provides more theoretical support and empirical evidence for the use of land property rights reform to accelerate agricultural and rural development and thus achieve agricultural and rural modernization.

The 2018 restructuring of China's Ministry of Natural Resources initiated a New Era for natural resource discipline. Systematically advancing its positioning and knowledge framework has become imperative, integrating science, technology, and engineering to enhance conservation, green resource utilization, and sustainability. This study employs bibliometric analysis and literature review to systematically delineate the developmental trajectory, disciplinary positioning, knowledge system, and implementation pathways of natural resource studies. The findings reveal that natural resource discipline in China has advanced from its initial stage through systematic disciplinary development, evolving from multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches into a transdisciplinary field. It has now established a natural resource-centered knowledge system, underpinned by theoretical foundations in formation mechanisms, sustainability, efficiency, and property rights. The discipline integrates survey and monitoring, evaluation, simulation modeling, and policy analysis to address applications spanning territorial spatial planning, resource asset management, protected area systems, and engineering project development. The establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources and clarification of its "Two Unifications" responsibilities, alongside reforms of natural resource asset property rights systems and unified territorial spatial planning policies, have invigorated the discipline. The field will now integrate practical needs to enhance disciplinary development, talent cultivation, and career pathways. As the knowledge system continues to be refined, the knowledge system of natural resource discipline in China will provide a robust theoretical foundation for the construction of a beautiful China and global sustainable development. Moreover, this discipline will continue to address societal demands for the utilization, protection, development, and management of natural resources by cultivating high-quality talent. In the future, professionals in natural resource discipline will integrate science, technology and engineering through transdisciplinary approaches to address national priorities directly. Leveraging artificial intelligence, big data, and blockchain technologies, they will advance Beautiful China initiatives and contribute to global sustainable development goals while tackling emerging resource challenges.

With the in-depth development of resource science research and interdisciplinary integration, improving the teaching ability of natural resources has become an important issue that higher education needs to solve urgently. Based on the concept of "Mutual Promotion of Teaching and Competition", this paper analyzes the discipline characteristics, teaching requirements and teaching mode of resource science, and probes into the role of "Mutual Promotion of Teaching and Competition" mode, which combines teaching research and discipline competition, in promoting the teaching ability of natural resources. Through the analysis of the National College Students Natural Resources Science and Technology Works Competition, the positive effect of this model on improving teachers' teaching ability and students' learning ability is verified. By participating in the discipline competition, teachers can update the teaching ideas and methods in time, integrate the frontier knowledge into the classroom, and improve the teaching quality. By combining theory with practice through competition, students can develop enhanced practical problem-solving awareness and cultivate innovation capabilities. The advantages of "Mutual Promotion of Teaching and Competition" mode in improving teaching quality and stimulating innovation ability can provide reference for resource science teaching reform.

As an important component of the world's cultural heritage, agricultural heritage carries the essence of China's thousands of years of farming culture. With the rapid changes of modern society, agricultural heritage is facing unprecedented challenges, such as changes in population structure and the weakening of cultural identity. This paper takes the theory of social-ecological systems as the perspective, and adopts the method of exploratory case study. Through field research, in-depth interviews and literature analysis in Wangjinzhuang, Handan city, Hebei province, it constructs the evolution process model of the resilience of agricultural heritage, and tries to explore the evolution process and value reconceptualization of agricultural heritage, and unify the three strategic goals of ecological value, social function and cultural significance of agricultural heritage protection: (1) The evolution process of the resilience of agricultural heritage is a complex and dynamic process, covering many closely connected stages from the original stage to the regeneration stage, showing its dynamic changes and adaptive characteristics at different time scales. (2) The evolution process of the resilience of agricultural heritage not only reflects the response to external changes, but also the reconceptualization and transformation of its value system. Furthermore, this paper attempts to explore the logic of value reconceptualization of agricultural heritage: (1) Spatial empowerment: the interactive development of landscape genes and agricultural heritage. (2) Order reconceptualization: adaptive management of social dynamics and agricultural heritage. (3) Local knowledge: joint cultivation of multiple stakeholders and agricultural heritage. Through the study of the resilience of agricultural heritage, it provides a new perspective and strategy for the protection and sustainable development of agricultural heritage, which is of guiding significance for formulating relevant protection policies and promoting regional sustainable development, and helps the revitalization of rural areas.

The innovative development of tourism resources in the context of the construction of a strong tourism country concerns the fundamental task of high-quality development of tourism. Scene theory, which is based on cultural consumption and cultural practice and emphasizes local cultural style and aesthetic characteristics, provides a new perspective for tourism resource innovation. On the basis of clarifying the connotation of tourism scene theory, this paper analyzes the logic and path of scene-driven tourism resource innovation with Yucun and Anjihood, Anji, Zhejiang province as typical cases. It is found that: as an important cultural power to drive the innovation of tourism resources, scene has formed two basic logics of creative production and creative weaving, the former embodied in the scene as a form of new quality productive forces to stimulate creativity, with the system and activities as the internal mechanism to attract and cohesion of creative talents and trigger the creative groups to carry out creative practices, resulting in the scene of the internal resonance, which drives the continuous creation of new tourism resources; the latter embodied in the scene as the reconstruction of the structure of tourism resources. Scene as the weaving force to reconstruct the structure of tourism resources, with capital and media as the internal mechanism, to create an aesthetic style and attract consumer groups to take pictures, resulting in the external resonance of the scene, which in turn drives the re-empowerment of silent resources. This paper reveals two different paths of scene-driven tourism resource innovation from the perspective of scene theory, with a view to expanding the value connotation of scene creation in tourism resource innovation and tourist destination shaping, and providing new ideas for tourism resource innovation in the New Era.

Protected areas play a significant role in curbing the loss of biodiversity and promoting the recovery of ecosystems. Treating the gradual upgrading of protected areas in China since 2007 as a quasi-natural experiment, this study employs balanced panel data of China's protected areas from 2000 to 2022 and utilizes a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model to evaluate the policy effects of protected areas upgrading in China. The research results show that: (1) The upgrading of protected areas in China has significantly promoted the improvement of habitat quality, with the policy effect being ''delayed but ultimately effective'' and exhibiting a fluctuating upward trend. (2) Protected areas located in Eastern and Central China, included in priority areas for biodiversity conservation, and managed by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) are more sensitive to the policy response of upgrading and are more conducive to the improvement of habitat quality in upgraded protected areas. (3) The study recommends encouraging protected areas upgrading to enhance conservation effectiveness, with approval decisions taking into account factors such as geographic location, priority conservation status, and administrative authority. Additionally, dynamic monitoring, adaptive management, and full life-cycle assessments should be implemented to maximize the policy effects of protected areas upgrading.

As repositories of high-quality ecological resources, rural areas hold significant potential for advancing China's goal of common prosperity. However, a persistent challenge lies in how to leverage these ecological advantages to generate sustained income growth for rural populations. Drawing on a case study of village X in Nanping city, Fujian province, this study explores the mechanism through which Ecological Product Value Realization (EPVR) promotes farmers' income growth. Based on long-term field observation and in-depth interviews, the research adopts a value co-creation perspective to investigate how the collaborative creation and distribution of ecological value drives rural economic outcomes. Findings indicate that the key to linking EPVR with sustained farmer income lies in the establishment of a value co-creation mechanism that emphasizes both sustainability and inclusivity. Specifically, it involves coordinated participation among multiple stakeholders, including government agencies, enterprises, village collectives, and villagers, across four interconnected processes: (1) Consensus-building, through which actors align on shared goals for ecological resource utilization; (2) Value symbiosis, which facilitates collaborative development of ecological products and associated services; (3) Benefit-sharing, ensuring fair and transparent distribution of ecological gains to foster trust and long-term engagement; and (4) Sustainable realization, which institutionalizes practices and builds capacities to secure long-term ecological and economic value. Through the value co-creation mechanism, farmers are positioned not merely as passive beneficiaries but as active participants in value generation and distribution, enabling them to share more equitably in the added value of ecological products. This study provides a novel perspective and practical pathway for sustaining farmers' income growth, offering insights for advancing rural revitalization and achieving a broader goal of common prosperity.

Urban informality is a common phenomenon in rapidly developing cities, and the "Three Olds" redevelopment is an important aspect of achieving high-quality urban development in the later stages of urbanization in China. Addressing the current lack of academic attention to the redevelopment of informal land use in the context of the "Three Olds" initiative, this paper, based on the theories of urban informality and scalar politics, selects a typical case of "Three Olds" redevelopment in Dongguan city. Using qualitative research methods such as document analysis and in-depth interviews, this study explores the processes and mechanisms involved. The research finds that Dongguan's "Three Olds" redevelopment policy has undergone a scalar political process consisting of three stages: policy application, policy piloting (including normalization), and policy revision. This process is accompanied by a shift in the roles of the main actors from "dominant" to "subordinate" and vice versa, as well as the interactive evolution of the land parcels from "informal-formal-informal" states. During the implementation of the "Three Olds" redevelopment, two pathways emerge: one where the interests of all actors align, leading to smooth redevelopment, and the other where, in cases of conflicting interests, local governments revise policies and redistribute benefits. These pathways cycle to achieve a new equilibrium. The study contributes to further enriching the theoretical understanding of urban informality and provides practical insights for the "Three Olds" redevelopment and urban renewal and governance.

This study clarifies the basic connotation of the value of natural resources under ecological security, constructs a theoretical analytical framework of "policy-technology-market-society", and systematically explores new models and pathways for enhancing the value of natural resources under ecological security, in order to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting the high-quality management of natural resources in the New Era. The new models for enhancing the value of natural resources under ecological security mainly include the digital empowerment model, the combined supply model, the circular regeneration model and the resource ecology-oriented development model, so as to realize the digital management throughout the entire life cycle, optimized allocation, circular utilization, and efficient use of natural resources. The pathways for enhancing the value of natural resources under ecological security include the institutional innovation pathway, the technology-empowerment pathway, the market activation pathway, and the social co-governance pathway. These pathways are aimed at promoting development with a combination of rigidity and flexibility, enhancing efficiency through full-chain efforts, enlivening the market with diverse measures, and aggregating strength through collaborative cooperation, thereby propelling the construction of ecological civilization to a new level.

Agricultural ecosystem accounting is an important support for understanding the sustainability of agricultural production, the health of the ecological environment, and the quality and safety of agricultural products. Currently, there are three international standards for agricultural ecosystem accounting: the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (SEEA-AFF), the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting-Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA-EA2021), and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity for Agriculture & Food (TEEB-AgriFood). Based on these three international standards, some countries have carried out agricultural ecosystem accounting. This article first reviews the development process of the three international standards, and compares them from six aspects: theoretical basis, accounting perspective, accounting object, accounting scope, classification standard, and account expression. Secondly, the international practices of agricultural ecosystem accounting are summarized from the overall situation and practical experience. Finally, combined with the current situation of agricultural ecosystem accounting in China, policy recommendations for agricultural ecosystem accounting in China are proposed.

The institution of territorial spatial governance for 'integrated mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grassland and deserts' is a direction for exploring ecological civilisation and is crucial for China to modernise its governance systems and capacity. This paper analyses the core concepts and theoretical logic of territorial spatial governance and analyses its governance problems and realisation bases. It explores the appropriate ways forward for the specific institutional construction. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The current governance problems are that the ecological feedback of the governance object needs to be taken seriously, the coordination and linkage of the governance subject is still a problem, along with the fact the synergy and empowerment of the governance system is not yet in place. (2) It is necessary to respond to the demand for modernisation of the national governance system and capacity in the context of China's natural ecology, taking into account fairness and efficiency, and integrating security and development, yet to define the basis of the realisation of the governance subject and the governance system. (3) We should carry out the construction of territorial spatial governance institutions for 'integrated mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses' in three aspects, namely, the governance object, governance subject and governance system.

The greater food approach sets forth elevated requisites and novel benchmarks for the advancement of conceptualization, expansion of connotations, transformation of objectives, and evolution of strategies in the governance of non-grain conversion of cultivated land. A reevaluation of "Non-grain Conversion" of cultivated land governance through the greater food approach not only aids in rectifying the imbalance in food supply and demand, but also establishes a fundamental underpinning for national security assurance. Findings reveal that: (1) The crux of "Non-grain Conversion" of cultivated land under the greater food approach lies not in the dichotomy of "grain" versus "non-grain" but rather in the judicious allocation of diverse food categories within the framework of the greater food approach. (2) The greater food approach and "Non-grain Conversion" of cultivated land governance in the theoretical logic of the fundamental goal and value orientation consistency, theoretical origin and practice to follow the same origin, determines the two in the practical logic of interaction and linkage, embracing the greater food approach serves as the guiding ethos for "Non-grain Conversion" of cultivated land governance, constituting the bedrock and avenue for enacting the greater food approach. (3) Governance of "Non-grain Conversion" of cultivated land under the greater food approach encounters challenges such as lagging adjustments in planting structures, an inverted significance of grain and income gradients, simultaneous existence of production bottlenecks and wastage, as well as incongruences between universally applicable rectification measures and localized idiosyncrasies. (4) Proposals encompass five overarching strategies for systematized governance of "Non-grain Conversion" of cultivated land oriented towards the greater food approach, focusing on the preservation of grain within land, crops, techniques, losses, and policies. Grounded in the multifaceted demands and holistic outlook of the greater food approach, the optimization of governance strategies proffers invaluable insights for the theoretical refinement and practical exploration of "Non-grain Conversion" of cultivated land governance amidst the backdrop of a multidimensional transformation in the agricultural and food system.