From the perspective of space commodification, rural lucid waters and lush mountains (green mountains) are considered as rural space resources with rich natural and cultural characteristics, and the transformation of green mountains into golden and silver mountains is the space value realization process of rural green mountains through the commodification of space. Based on the space commodification theory, and combined with natural resources capitalization theory and capital circulation theory, this study constructs the space commodification theoretical framework of rural two mountains transformation, which includes five closely connected links: space advantage identification, monetary capital investment, space production, spatial ecological products sales, and space reproduction. Therefore, the inherent logic, process, and conditions of the transformation of rural green mountains from space resources into space assets, space capital, spatial ecological products, and space returns, are clarified, and a two-way transformation loop between green mountains and golden and silver mountains is formed through space resources capitalization and space capital increment circulation. Then, based on the above theoretical framework, the practice path for transforming rural two mountains is summarized and refined systematically, from scientifically recognizing the space resources advantages of rural green mountains, innovating investment and financing mechanisms for capitalization of green mountains, creating diversified and high value-added spatial ecological products with rich regional characteristics, expanding value realizing channels of spatial ecological products, and promoting the re-cultivation of rural green mountains space. In addition, this study puts forward some proposals, such as deepening the spatial value recognition of rural green mountains and its ecological products, making full use of multi-participant's co-governance, integrating and coordinating space production and material production in space, and preventing social risks brought by capital introduction, in order to promote the commodification of green mountains space, and thus achieve win-win situation of rural two mountains.

Urban renewal is a prominent issue in promoting high-quality and sustainable development of Chinese cities in the context of connotative development in the New Era. As culture plays an increasingly important role in continuing urban history, creating spatial value, improving quality of life and stimulating economic vitality, it is gradually becoming a key driving force for promoting urban renewal. Based on the analysis of the evolution of the relationship between cultural elements and urban renewal since the reform and opening up in the late 1970s, this paper constructs a logical framework for cultural empowerment of urban renewal, and takes the old southern city of Nanjing as an example to explore the implementation paths, mechanism and effects of cultural empowerment of urban renewal. The study found that: (1) By leveraging the multiple roles of cultural resources such as historical culture, creative culture, and local culture in urban renewal, and through the process of cultural elements injection, spatial carriers adsorption, and renewal efficiency release, urban renewal can be empowered and its effectiveness can be enhanced. (2) From the process of urban renewal practice in the old southern city of Nanjing, the paths of cultural empowerment of urban renewal are revealed as the representation of historical symbols, the driving force of cultural and tourism consumption, the implantation of creative industries, the rooting of community spirit, and the embedness of cultural services. (3) Multiple stakeholders such as the government, market, and society are jointly promoting the urban renewal with cultural empowerment. To obtain more significant economic and social benefits, it is also necessary to further strengthen the connection between the renewal of historical and cultural spaces in old cities and the achievements of contemporary urban cultural construction, coordinate the promotion of cultural renewal at the spiritual level, and enhance the urban participation rights and sense of cultural achievement of local residents. (4) The culture-empowered urban renewal in China is different from the "cultural-led urban regeneration" in the West, which regards the protection, inheritance, and promotion of historical and cultural heritage, as well as the enhancement of residents' cultural identity, as important goals of urban renewal. Based on the concept of cultural sustainability in urban renewal, it is necessary to promote the benign two-way empowerment of cultural elements and urban renewal, and achieve a resonant development of the protection and utilization of cultural resources and moderate, orderly, tender, and organic renewal.

In China's urbanization 2.0 phase, urban renewal has become the primary means of urban spatial development. Essentially, it is a high-quality development process aimed at enhancing the efficiency of resource allocation and utilization, strengthening spatial carrying capacity, optimizing urban functional quality, and reinforcing urban development resilience. Centered on the reform and development goal of "establishing a sustainable urban renewal model and policy regulations" set by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, 15 experts and scholars from fields such as geography, urban and rural planning, and land resource management engaged in written discussions. This exploration spans various perspectives and dimensions, including the conceptual connotation, value concepts, implementation and pathways, institutional policy environment construction, and performance evaluation methods of sustainable urban renewal. Specifically: (1) Conceptual Connotation: Sustainable urban renewal should be understood as both the "sustainability" of goals and the "sustainability" of implementation. (2) Value Concepts: Emphases should be placed on promoting multi-stakeholder participation and benefit-sharing as the fundamental economic philosophy for constructing sustainable urban renewal, as well as integrating urban renewal into the spatial governance of urban cultural heritage, social spatial, and ecological spaces, thereby organizing urban renewal actions from a multidimensional systemic perspective of "economic-social-cultural-ecological-resilience". (3) Implementation: It is crucial to effectively balance the interests of local governments, market entities, property owners, and society. Secondly, attention should be given to ensuring and enhancing the mechanism for state-owned enterprises to participate in urban renewal. Thirdly, new mechanisms should be adopted such as franchising to attract enthusiasm from social capital. With all parties mentioned above, we should transform urban construction from a "supply-oriented" to a "demand-oriented" model. Besides, to meet the people's growing needs for a better life, urban renewal implementation should focus more on multi-participatory design, embedding public service facilities, green infrastructure, and digital technology elements at the micro-community scale perceptible to the people, and coordinate urban renewal planning and management implementation. (4) Institutional Policy Environment Construction: Overall, there should be a focus on new demands for urban renewal products, governance, and models in the new era, so as to create an adaptive and sustainable institutional policy environment for urban renewal. Particularly, considering key elements such as "people, land, and capital" in urban renewal, systematic institutional innovations should be conducted in aspects like land use regulations, funding arrangements, and organizational mechanisms. (5) Performance Evaluation: Finally, from a "people's perspective", a measurable and comparable performance evaluation system for urban renewal should be established.

The development of characteristic agriculture is an important approach to achieving rural revitalization and promoting county-level economic development by stimulating industrial vitality. How to combine resource advantages and transform them into industrial strengths is the key to build a high-quality characteristic agriculture industry. This paper selects 31 county-level characteristic agriculture cases as research objects, constructs a TOE and dual-dimensional theoretical indicator system, and uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to extract element combinations and examine the influencing factors and differentiated paths of characteristic agricultural development in China's county-level areas. The study shows that: (1) "organizational resources" and "crop varieties" are the core factors for achieving high-quality development in county-level characteristic agriculture. (2) The high-quality development of county-level characteristic agriculture presents mixed development models, including market-oriented, organization-oriented, and technology-oriented models, as well as outward development models embedded in elements and inward development models relying on endowments. (3) Non-high-quality development of county-level characteristic agriculture exists in outward deficiency models constrained by organizations and mixed deficiency models constrained by organizations-environment and technology-environment. (4) The integration of multiple resource paths from both internal and external drivers is more effective than relying on a single internal or external driver in constructing action mechanisms for high-quality characteristic agriculture development. Based on the above research results, this paper proposes diversified, complementary, and integrated development path suggestions for county-level characteristic agriculture in China, providing a reference for achieving agricultural and rural modernization.

Based on the unique geographical and historical background, red brick has become a distinctive urban characteristic in the Fujian-Taiwan region, with its complex cultural background endowing it with rich potential value. However, the current inheritance and continuation of red brick cultural genes face significant challenges. In this study, we apply scene theory to Quanzhou West Street historical and cultural district, which is the most representative red brick area in Quanzhou. This study adopts the framework of the five elements of a scene to analyze the evaluation process of carrier characteristics, behavioral perception, and amenity value. Through a combination of field research, in-depth interviews, surveys, and big data statistical analysis, we investigate the evaluation indicator system for scene amenities at two levels: the macro-level of the entire district and the micro-level of red brick buildings. Our research findings reveal: (1) The scene elements of the red brick historical district include spatial environment, functional medium, diverse groups, activity combinations, and value attraction. (2) The scene functions of the overall district environment include: historical artifacts, cultural displays, and consumption experiences. These three aspects are interrelated, but the overall satisfaction of Quanzhou West Street still needs improvement. (3) The amenities of red brick architecture can be categorized into four types: color aesthetics, texture, decorative details, and regional characteristics. These categories include 12 traditional architectural features such as red bricks, white stones, wood, windows, balconies, external structures, beam decorations, columns, bricklaying methods, internal spaces, main structures, and roofs. Finally, we propose principles for protection and renewal, specific measures, and strategies for controlling the architectural style of red brick buildings. Our research extends the empirical application of scene theory in China, and provides effective approaches for the protection and renewal of historical and cultural districts.

Traditional village tourism symbiosis system is based on the symbiosis unit formed by the interdependence of elements between villages, in the symbiosis environment, with the help of a variety of interactive synergistic relationships and symbiosis modes of construction of the organic whole. It aims to integrate village tourism resources, promote village symbiosis linkage, and enhance the effect of regional tourism development. Based on the symbiosis theory, the article clarifies the three elements of the symbiosis system, such as symbiosis unit, symbiosis mode and symbiosis environment. Along the path of "tourism source-resistance surface-tourism corridor", the traditional village tourism symbiosis system is constructed. We analyze the characteristics of traditional villages' tourism resources, clarify the spatial patterns of different types of symbiotic systems, and propose a tourism development model. The results show that: (1) There are 33 symbiotic units of traditional villages in Chongqing, with large spatial differences in the value of ecological and cultural resources in different places. There are 21 high-value symbiotic units, accounting for 63.63% of the total, which are mainly distributed in the southeastern mountains where minorities gather. (2) There are 83 traditional village tourism corridors in Chongqing, and the average value of symbiotic environment maturity score is 0.068, showing the spatial pattern of "West Chongqing>Northeast Chongqing>Southeast Chongqing". (3) The symbiotic systems of traditional village tourism in Chongqing are categorized into cultural heritage type, ecological landscape type, and ecological and cultural comprehensive development type, accounting for 59.04%, 14.46%, and 26.51%, respectively. Each type of system makes full use of the interaction between natural landscape and minority culture, farming culture, etc. to enhance the development capacity of traditional village tourism and promote common prosperity. The innovative contribution of this study lies in constructing a symbiotic system for traditional village tourism based on symbiosis theory. It successfully solves the problem of isolated tourism development among traditional villages. It provides an important reference and methodology for comprehensively integrating traditional village tourism resources, constructing a new pattern of tourism development, and promoting diversified and high-quality development of traditional villages.

Different from the previous water rights management at the meso regional level and micro water user level, this article puts the initial water rights of the river basin in the macro common wealth framework, systematically optimizes the initial water rights allocation of the basin from the perspective of fairness and efficiency, constructs a traditional, weighted, sequential bankruptcy game model to clarify the initial water rights allocation scheme, evaluates the overall welfare of the basin using the Kaldor-Hicks criterion, and applies it to the Tarim River Basin, and the Yellow River Basin is used as a substitute basin for testing. The results indicate that: (1) The initial water rights allocation principle is in line with the connotation and value orientation of common prosperity, but the quantitative measurement of fairness and efficiency needs to be improved. The traditional bankruptcy game model has defects such as multidimensional preferences and data distortion, which can be corrected by weighting and other methods. (2) The weight factors of fair negotiation, labor remuneration, and river order make the initial water rights allocation more balanced and fair, with a greater degree of adjustment in labor remuneration. The weight factors of efficiency based water conservancy investment and water resource utilization efficiency make the initial water rights allocation plan more focused on the competitiveness of water resource utilization. After incorporating the river sequence factor into the bankruptcy game model, this research can reflect the information asymmetry of the geographical location of multiple subjects in the basin and the resulting heterogeneity of negotiation status. (3) The Kaldo-Hicks criterion focuses more on improving the overall social benefits when evaluating initial water rights allocation schemes, allowing for individual benefits to decrease while overall benefits increase. It improves the rigorous optimization conditions of the Pareto criterion and is more applicable in practical applications. We should integrate initial water rights allocation into the common prosperity framework, examining how fairness, efficiency, and river sequence factors influence priority-setting among multiple stakeholders in river basins. This approach offers new perspectives for initial water rights allocation and provides a policy foundation for establishing basin-wide allocation systems that advance common prosperity.

The exploration of homestead withdrawal can provide an important decision-making reference and theoretical support for deepening the reform of rural land system and accelerating the process of urban-rural integration and development. This paper takes Qingshui county in Gansu province as the research area, and based on the perceived value theory, combined with the hierarchical regression model, analyses the mechanism of risk perception and comprehensive satisfaction on the willingness of farmers to withdraw from homesteads by using 1025 micro-survey data, and further classifies the types of willingness of farmers to withdraw from homesteads. The results show that: (1) Risk perception negatively affects homestead withdrawal, with cognitive risk perception having the strongest effect and the facility risk perception being the weakest. (2) Comprehensive satisfaction has a negative effect on homestead withdrawal, with life satisfaction having the most significant effect and the satisfaction with public services and facilities being the weakest. (3) In the analysis of the contribution of independent variables, in terms of risk perception, the risk perception of the homestead withdrawal is the highest, and the perception of owning multiple homesteads is the lowest. In terms of comprehensive satisfaction, the water and electricity facilities receive the highest ratings, while cultural and entertainment amenities are rated the lowest. (4) Based on the two-dimensional analysis framework of 'psychological perception-emotional cognition', the willingness of farmers to withdraw from homesteads can be classified into four types: high-risk avoidance, high-satisfaction trade-off, medium-risk guidance, and low-risk drive. This paper proposes categorized governance strategies to address the characteristics of different types of farm households, aiming to provide a decision-making basis for sustainable rural land use.

Urbanization in China has transitioned from an era of urban construction focused on incremental land development to an era of urban renewal focused on stock land development. Implementing urban renewal and achieving high-quality development has become a significant challenge for urban development in the second half of China's urbanization process. In response to this challenge, experts and scholars from relevant academic fields were invited to explore and discuss the fundamental issues of how urban renewal should be implemented under the new historical conditions and value orientations. The key aspects and solution pathways of this issue were discussed, with a focus on the following areas: the institutional and strategic issues that impact urban renewal, the practical and technical questions of how urban renewal is carried out, and the potential negative effects arising from urban renewal. The paper has extensive discussions and reflections on these topics. Based on the main viewpoints of the invited experts, urban renewal under the background of high-quality development transformation needs to pay attention to the following key issues. First of all, the goals of urban renewal should be determined synthetically with the full consideration of the national development strategies pertaining to urban development, with the effort to promote the innovation of urban renewal system in the areas of spatial planning, land supply and management, development models, financing, and public participation. Second, it is suggested that new models of urban renewal driven by the combined efforts of government, market, and society needs to be established to ensure the publicness, efficiency, and fairness of urban renewal projects. In particular, the government should play a role of guiding and encouraging through decentralization and empowerment; the role of market should pay attention to the advantages of cooperation between private capital and state-owned enterprise capital; the society should play a role by activating the subjective role of property rights owners. Third, with the aim to promote a people-centered development, the damage of urban renewal to historical and cultural protection and adverse effects of gentrification it brings should be regulated and avoided. There is a need to enhance exploration of the urban renewal models beneficial to historical and cultural protection and social justice. This paper concludes by calling on scholars from multiple disciplines including geography, resources and environmental sciences, planning, and management to jointly promote research of urban renewal theories that fit to the Chinese path to modernization, with the aim to make Chinese contribution to theories on global urban renewal.

Historic and cultural districts serve as vital carriers for the inheritance of urban and rural cultural heritage, and their sustainable renewal urgently requires deep resident participation. This study integrates value co-creation theory and sense of place theory to develop a driving model of participatory renewal: "perceived value-place attachment-value co-creation", examining how multidimensional value perceptions and place attachment shape residents' engagement mechanisms. Using structural equation modeling analysis of 338 valid questionnaires from Nanjing's Old South district, the findings reveal three critical pathways. First, residents' perceived functional value and economic value significantly enhance participation behavior and civic behavioral intentions through the full mediation of place dependence, indicating that instrumental dependence serves as a direct mechanism transforming material needs into actions. Second, perceived emotional value derived from cultural continuity exerts dual effects, directly driving both types of value co-creation intentions and also uniquely activating civic behaviors through the "place identity" pathway. This demonstrates that local emotions rooted in collective memory can bypass institutional constraints to generate spontaneous cultural stewardship. Third, community support exhibits paradoxical moderating effects: while it amplifies the economic value-place dependence linkage, excessive administrative intervention weakens emotional value's impact on place dependence, revealing tensions between institutional empowerment and grassroots cultural agency. These findings challenge traditional economic incentive paradigms by highlighting the catalytic role of cultural identity and emotional capital. Accordingly, a governance framework is proposed: (1) establishing cultural identity reproduction mechanisms through resident-led heritage interpretation, (2) implementing demand-tiered resource allocation that prioritizes functional necessities like sanitation, (3) developing adaptive community support systems that delineate administrative boundaries in cultural practices. This research contributes to urban governance literature by uncovering the psychosocial process from spatial perception to collective action, while offering practical strategies to reconcile preservation and renovation through value symbiosis.

Agricultural productive services, as a critical solution to alleviate the "high-carbon lock-in" dilemma in smallholder-dominated agricultural systems, reshape production modes through specialized divisions of labor. However, their emission reduction potential risks are being distorted into a "solution-to-paradox" scenario as a result of policy interventions. Employing panel data from 30 Chinese provincial-level regions (2011-2022), this study systematically deciphers the mechanisms and policy intricacies of agricultural productive services in driving carbon mitigation through integrated fixed-effects, mediation-effects, and threshold regression modeling. Core revelations emerge as follows: (1) The development of agricultural productive services exerts significant inhibitory effects on agricultural carbon emissions. Specifically, a 1% improvement in the implementation level of agricultural productive services corresponds to a 0.160% reduction in agricultural carbon emissions. However, the emission reduction efficacy is subject to bidirectional moderation by aging rural labor forces and fiscal agricultural support policies. (2) The regulatory effects manifest a dynamic tension between "demographic amplification" and "subsidy suppression" and rural labor aging elevates emission reduction elasticity through intensified demand for factor substitution, whereas fiscal agricultural support exceeding the 0.1386 threshold triggers a fertilizer rebound effect under yield-centric subsidy schemes, diminishing mitigation efficiency. (3) The carbon mitigation effects of agricultural productive services exhibit tripartite heterogeneity: policy dependency, east-west efficacy disparity, and basin-specific divergence. Specifically, the emission suppression capacity intensifies remarkably following the implementation of sectoral guidance policies, verifying their institutional catalytic role. Geographically, west regions of the Hu Huanyong Line constrained by underdeveloped service markets and the Pearl River Basin plagued by carbon lock-in effects from cash crop specialization, achieved less than one-third of the decarbonization efficacy observed in the eastern regions and the Yellow River Basin. This study unveils the nonlinear "emission reduction-policy" nexus inherent to agricultural productive services, establishing theoretical foundations to resolve institutional conflicts between service efficiency enhancement and fiscal interventions while informing the construction of differentiated low-carbon agricultural policy frameworks. These insights hold significant practical value for synchronizing agricultural green transformation with rural revitalization strategies, offering a coherent pathway to reconcile ecological modernization with socioeconomic development imperatives.

Historic district serves as dynamic urban heritage sites, whose conservation and regeneration are essential for preserving the historic context of cities, stimulating economic revitalization, and fostering high-quality development. Originating from the backdrop of cultural-tourism integration, this study establishes a comprehensive framework for assessing the effectiveness of historic district regeneration. This framework includes the regeneration of physical spaces, cultural preservation and display, and the revitalization of cultural tourism. Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods, the study evaluates the regeneration effectiveness in three emblematic historic districts in Kaifeng city based on subjective assessments from participants. Enhancement pathways are delineated through the analysis of a "satisfaction-importance" matrix. The findings indicate consistently positive regeneration effectiveness with slight variations across the districts, scoring 3.801 for Shuanglong lane, 3.794 for Madao street, and 3.759 for Shudian street. Shuanglong lane exhibits superior performance in physical space regeneration, with a higher score than Shudian and Madao streets; however, Shudian and Madao streets excel in the revitalization of cultural tourism. Differences in cultural preservation and display are minimal. At the level of specific indicators, all districts generally receive positive evaluations for streetscape and revitalization recognition. Nonetheless, Shudian street and Madao street exhibit lower scores in streetscape aesthetics, infrastructure, and street maintenance, whereas Shuanglong lane requires improvements in its cultural and tourism attributes, diversity of revitalization efforts, and infrastructure. All districts need enhanced accessibility. Specific improvements include enhancing the neighborhood environment, cultural displays, and connotations in Shudian street; boosting cultural attractiveness and immersive interactions in Madao street; and increasing cultural appeal and diversifying the business model in Shuanglong lane.

The practice of neighborhood renewal in Chinese cities has gradually shifted towards the spatial governance of existing neighborhood resources. Future research will focus on the comprehensive process of spatial governance, which includes monitoring spatial changes, planning and governing existing resources, evaluating governance performance, and tracking outcomes. This study responds to this paradigm shift from the perspective of the health effects of neighborhood renewal. By reviewing English literature on the relationship between neighborhood renewal and health, it reveals that health-oriented neighborhood renewal is a holistic initiative aimed at enhancing health-related physical, social, and economic resources within the neighborhood. It emphasizes the temporal and spatial evolution of various environmental elements throughout the life cycle of neighborhoods. The influence of neighborhood renewal on residents' physical and mental health and well-being is multi-stage, multi-path, subject-differentiated, and dynamic. Primary renewal environments impacting residents' health include housing, blue-green and activity spaces, infrastructure, catering facilities, medical facilities, and social and psychological environments. The study proposes a four-stage research framework to advance the theoretical development and practical innovation of health-oriented neighborhood renewal in China. This framework includes evaluating neighborhood renewal performance, identifying health effects, explaining influence mechanisms, and assessing the health impacts of renewal planning and policies.

The 'compensation to comprehensive occupation' system (CCOS), which is characterized by rigid regulations, serves as a crucial policy for China to enforce the redline mandate for farmland conservation and reinforce the foundation of national food security. Exploring effective incentive measures is essential to stimulate the willingness of entities' responsibilities for compensating farmland and ensure its stable use. Based on Williamson's social science analytical framework and situational analysis methodology, this study aims to compare the practices of transfer of development right domestically and internationally, additionally, interpret its underlying logic in various scenarios, and propose an optimization system by capturing the value derived from the transfer of farmland development right (TFDR). The results show that: (1) Similar to the international TDR, the CCOS in China is a farmland conservation policy tool based on the TFDR. Their similarities and differences exist in institutional environment, governance structure, and resource allocation. (2) Under different scenarios within the CCOS, when farmland development rights are either transferred and realized in the occupied area or restored in the compensated area, the entities' responsibilities for compensated farmland should obtain the license fee for the TFDR or be compensated for revenue losses due to farmland appreciation, respectively. (3) Optimizing the CCOS should be guided by three key aspects. Firstly, the property rights subjects should be clearly defined to establish a property rights foundation for capturing and allocating value increments from the TFDR. Secondly, governance structure should aim to construct a hybrid governance framework integrating government supervision and market mechanism for the TFDR. Thirdly, allocation efficiency improvement requires the establishment of a system combining responsibility constraints and economic incentives for allocating the supplementary farmland. Optimizing the CCOS through the TFDR is an effective strategy to promote farmland conservation through economic incentives. The research findings offer theoretical and practical references for improving the farmland conservation policies and incentivizing the supplementary farmland providers.

Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is a crucial cultural resource and an integral part of China's excellent traditional culture. Protecting, inheriting, and promoting ICH is significant for preserving historical context, strengthening cultural confidence, fostering civilizational exchanges, and building a socialist cultural power. After over two decades of efforts, China has achieved remarkable progress in ICH protection and accumulated valuable experience. Currently, ICH preservation is transitioning from "rescue-oriented protection" to "systematic protection", marked by new characteristics. This special discussion invites experts and scholars from ICH and related fields to explore topics such as ICH protection system construction, innovative protection models, and inheritance pathways. Based on their insights, the following priorities emerge for innovative protection and inheritance in the New Era: (1) Promote systematic ICH protection by emphasizing the relationship between ICH and its environment, implementing regional holistic conservation through cultural ecological reserves, and building a people-centered protection system. (2) As a crystallization of ethnic wisdom and a key bond for consolidating the Chinese national community, ICH must connect with contemporary life. Multi-stakeholder collaboration should facilitate its integration into modern society to achieve creative transformation and innovative development. (3) Technology and tourism can empower ICH protection and inheritance across multiple dimensions. However, the core objective of heritage preservation must remain paramount. Strategic integration of technological tools can deepen ICH-tourism synergies, improve heritage experience infrastructure, facilitate ICH preservation and adaptive reuse, and effectively support both rural revitalization and urban renewal initiatives.

With the development of digital technology, the construction of digital teaching resources has become an important topic in the field of professional education. This paper addresses the challenges faced by territorial spatial planning education in key areas in the New Era and explores the integrated construction of digital teaching resources for Introduction to Territorial Spatial Planning based on the virtual teaching and research office. The aim is to break the boundaries of traditional education and achieve the co-construction and sharing of high-quality teaching resources. The specific construction contents are as follows: (1) A systematic resource integration and construction model is established. It takes the knowledge graph as the core framework, and combines printed and digital materials as the presentation form of new textbooks, and uses smart courses for scenario-based demonstration. This model realizes the comprehensive digital transformation of teaching resources and the efficient co-construction and sharing of these resources. By leveraging the knowledge graph, the relationships between various knowledge points in the curriculum can be clearly presented, so as to facilitate students' understanding and teachers' organization of teaching content. The combination of printed and digital textbooks provides students with more flexible learning materials, and the smart courses offer real-world scenarios for students to apply their knowledge. (2) A cross-school collaboration mechanism is constructed. Teachers from multiple majors and industry experts cooperate to carry out the construction and sharing of digital teaching resources. This collaboration leads to the innovation of teaching models and the diversification of learning methods. Teachers from different schools can bring in their unique teaching experiences and perspectives, while industry experts can provide practical cases and the latest industry trends. Students can thus benefit from a more comprehensive and up-to-date teaching. (3) A knowledge iteration and problem feedback mechanism is built. This mechanism ensures the effectiveness and sustainability of the integrated construction of digital teaching resources. As the field of territorial spatial planning is constantly evolving, the teaching resources need to be updated in a timely manner. Feedback from students and teachers enables the identification of instructional challenges while facilitating evidence-based refinement of digital teaching materials.

Ecosystem service flows (ESF) serve as a crucial bridge connecting the supply of ecosystem services to human demand. However, there are still deficiencies in the framework research on driving mechanisms and practical applications. In this research, we took the freshwater yield ecosystem service in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin as a case study. We developed a comprehensive framework focusing on "supply-demand quantification-attribute evaluation-driving analysis-pattern optimization" utilizing methods such as network model, random forest, and Bayesian belief network. The key findings are as follows: (1) There was a spatial mismatch between the freshwater yield ecosystem service supply and demand, with demand exceeding supply in the study area. (2) Three flow directions and 35 sub-boundaries were identified throughout the flow process, with flow quantity ranging from 0 to 188×10⁶ m³. (3) Evapotranspiration and human activities were the primary factors affecting the changes in supply-demand, with the contribution of 0.47 and 0.14, respectively. (4) Key optimization areas included Southern Luoyang, Central and Southern Sanmenxia, and Central Jiyuan. The comprehensive framework developed in this study analyzes ecosystem service supply and demand from four dimensions, enhancing the organization and depth of "flow" research. Furthermore, the framework demonstrates strong practical applicability, specifically in addressing the supply-demand imbalance of ecosystem services, providing robust support for water resource management and government decision-making in the Henan section of the Yellow River through effective water resource optimization.

Under the backdrop of ecological civilization and regional coordinated development, research on watershed settlements holds significant importance. Currently, the field of historical geography has established a localized knowledge framework for understanding the evolution of settlements in irrigation areas from the perspective of social transformation. This foundation supports the present study's value orientation, which centers on the symbiotic relationship among "water, society, people, and ecology" in irrigation area settlements conceptualized as water community. However, the evolution and spatial patterns of these settlements, rooted in the cultural core of water community, remain poorly understood. This study examines settlements of the Hetao Irrigation Area with a focus on water-related dynamics as the core research theme. It seeks to develop an explanatory model for the formation of irrigation area settlements based on the conceptual framework of water community, while analyzing their evolutionary patterns to achieve a scientific understanding of human-land relationships in these areas. The study posits that the essence of water community lies in the flexible and interactive organic structure formed by watershed irrigation settlements under specific ecological environments and productivity conditions, representing a universal developmental model for such settlements. The core value evolution trajectory of irrigation area settlements progresses from military-agricultural colonization→fragmented small-scale farming→garden-style large-scale agriculture→high-standard eco-economic agriculture across the entire irrigation area. Concurrently, the water management order of settlements shifts from the traditional "contextual production order" of irrigation-based farming to the modern "performance-based production order" of irrigated agriculture, driving the sustainable development of irrigation area settlements.

The system of protected areas in China has been initially established, but the effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration remains limited. Conducting an evaluation of ecological protection and restoration effectiveness, identifying priority protected areas, and implementing a regional management model are crucial for regional sustainable development. This study focuses on the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, integrating multiple dimensions, including ecosystem patterns, quality, function, and social-ecological feedback, to develop a framework for evaluating ecological protection and restoration effectiveness. Furthermore, we identified key ecological areas and the spatial distribution of priority protected areas. The results showed that: Significant differences in the ecological protection and restoration effectiveness of protected areas across various indicators. Overall, from 2018 to 2022 indicators such as landscape connectivity (+2.17%), vegetation cover (+9.38%), biodiversity (+5%), soil conservation capacity (+4.91%), and carbon sequestration and oxygen release function (+4.46%) achieved an excellent level, while public satisfaction (+2.56%) reached a good level. However, indicators such as important ecological land area (-1.04%), air quality (-16.85%), water conservation capacity (-16.17%), and human footprint (+7.83%) showed a poor level. A total of 21 priority protected areas were identified in the study area, mainly distributed in the Taihu Lake Basin, Northern Zhejiang, and Northern Anhui. Based on the research results, a regional management model of "3-Core Dynamic (3CD)" was proposed, comprising zonal control, node linkage, and dynamic optimization. This study provides scientific references for regional ecological protection, restoration, and sustainable development.

Based on the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method and drawing on data from 1166 households and 5041 plots in Sichuan province, this study investigates the impact of high-standard farmland construction on farmland transfer from the dual perspectives of plot governance and household decision-making. The findings are as follows: (1) At the plot level, high-standard farmland construction significantly promotes land transfer, with field consolidation, infrastructure development, and post-construction management playing notable roles. Larger plots with convenient locations and flat terrain are more likely to be transferred. (2) At the household level, high-standard farmland construction also significantly facilitates land transfer, with field consolidation and infrastructure development being particularly influential. This positive effect is significant across households of different operational scales and degrees of off-farm employment. (3) Interaction analysis reveals that large-scale farmers show stronger transfer effects for large plots, nearby plots and non-plain plots, while highly off-farm-employed households prefer small and nearby plots but exhibit weaker effects; in contrast, households with low off-farm employment generally benefit. The study suggests that high-standard farmland construction should be steadily advanced, along with improvements to the matching support system between households and land plots, in order to revitalize the farmland transfer market.

This paper delves into the interrelationships between urban spatial characteristics and mechanisms. It further proposes a framework for establishing a comprehensive assessment index system for urban spaces with multiscale, spatial form, and spatial diversity as the main attributes. This framework provides a methodology and toolset for the precise identification of problems in the area of living environment. In addition to considering the three basic spatial attributes, the setting of specific indicators needs to address the following requirements: firstly, clarifying the three major subsystem groups corresponding to the indicators—material environment, ecosystem services, and socio-economic aspects—to establish relationships with the basic attributes of urban spaces in subsequent diagnostic stages; secondly, considering the long-term influencing factors and short-term disturbances from human activities in determining the proportional relationships of these indicators scientifically; thirdly, taking into account the regional factors' impact on the threshold values of the index system standards. Building on the comprehensive assessment index framework, this paper proposes a toolset for problem diagnosis for urban spatial issues, encompassing a multi-scale interactive indicator analysis method, a multi-index correlation analysis method involving spatial form, and a multidimensional clustering approach tailored to spatial variations. This research identifies key thresholds influencing urban sustainable development through extensive statistical assessments of indicator values about large samples of micro-units.

Based on the research samples of 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 2010 to 2022, this paper uses the entropy weight method, comprehensive adaptation and Spatial econometric model to conduct an empirical analysis on the temporal and spatial evolution and influencing factors of rural three-industry integration and agricultural green transformation. The results show that: (1) On the comprehensive evaluation, during the inspection period, the level of China's rural three-industry integration and agricultural green transformation is rising, but the average annual growth rate of rural three-industry integration is significantly faster than that of agricultural green transformation. In terms of spatial differentiation, the integration level of the three rural industries is bounded by the planting animal husbandry boundary, and the level of the southern area is higher than that of the northern area. The agricultural green transformation is characterized by the spatial pattern of "high in the southeast and northeast, while low in the northwest". (2) In terms of the degree of adaptation, China's rural three-industry integration and agricultural green transformation adaptation show a good development trend of steady progress, roughly experience three stages of "growth-stability-shock", but the annual average is only 0.61, still in a relatively adaptive level. In terms of regional differences, the average fitness of China's eight comprehensive economic zones is ranked as "northern coastal zones>eastern coastal zones>southwest>middle reaches of the Yangtze River>middle reaches of Yellow River>southern coastal zones>northeast>northwest". (3) In terms of influencing factors, digital penetration, economic development level, scientific and technological innovation level, and higher education level have a significant positive impact on adaptation. On this basis, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the adaptive development of the two elements.

In recent years, agricultural heritage sites have gradually become a key focus area within academic circles. As the primary stakeholders within these areas, a comprehensive understanding of farmers' perceptions, intentions, and emotional well-being is essential for promoting the sustainable development of agricultural heritage sites and addressing livelihood-related challenges. However, the emotional state of farmers in agricultural heritage sites under tourism intervention, as well as the issue of village-level differences, remain to be further explored. Taking four administrative villages in the Ziquejie Terraces Region area as case studies, this article employs questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews. Utilizing factor analysis and nonparametric tests, it examines the overall characteristics and village-level variations in farmers' emotions under tourism intervention across three dimensions: sense of fulfillment, happiness, and security. The findings reveal that: (1) The "three senses of livelihood" among farmers in the four villages generally exhibit positive states, with scores across all dimensions falling within the high range [3.5, 5]. Significant village-level differences exist within specific sub-items of each dimension. (2) Village-level differences in happiness are manifested in two aspects: quality of life and infrastructure. (3) Village-level differences in sense of gain are primarily reflected in three aspects: employment opportunities, income levels, and cultural and sports activities. (4) Village-level variations in security are primarily reflected in cultural security, labor safety, and traffic safety. Based on these findings, a multi-stakeholder co-construction and co-governance pathway for emotional adaptation among farmers in agricultural heritage sites is proposed. This study offers new insights into understanding and addressing village-level variations in farmers' emotions within agricultural heritage sites under tourism intervention, aiming to provide references for their sustainable development.

In the context of China's urban stock renewal, the implementation of micro-renewal in old communities is of strategic importance for the high-quality development of cities and the modernisation of the country's governance capacity. In the context of China's urban stock renewal, the implementation of micro-regeneration in old communities is of strategic importance for the high-quality development of cities and the modernisation of national governance capacity. By exploring the localisation of polycentric governance theory, this paper analyses polycentric governance in the Chinese context, and selects a key micro-renewal project in Qinhuai district, Nanjing as the research object, to explore the multi-party governance mechanism of micro-regeneration in China's aging communities. The study finds that the multi-party governance mechanism is a collaborative renewal mechanism in which multiple actors, including the district government, district state-owned enterprises, planning teams, community grassroots organisations, and residents, participate in a clear division of roles and networked interactions in order to respect residents' property rights and wishes. Among them, the transformation of the government's decentralised role and the effective integration of social forces are the key factors contributing to the construction of the mechanism of multi-party co-regulation; the interactive relationship of the multiple subjects changes continuously with the advancement of the renewal stage; and the establishment of a platform for effective communication and rational interaction among the various subjects is the key to promoting the sustainable development of micro-renewal of the old community, which is currently still in the mode of an external impetus. At present, community micro-renewal in Qinhuai district is still in a mode of external driving force; micro-renewal can create sustainable production benefits for the physical space, social space, economic development, and historical resources of the old community.

The Yellow River Basin is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization, the main hub of historical evolution, and the key support of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin are related to the overall situation of comprehensively promoting Chinese path to modernization. The Yellow River Basin is an economic, social, ecological, and cultural complex system that is comprehensive, holistic, diverse, and complex, while also having close and distant coupling relationships with external regions. In the past five years since the implementation of the major national strategy for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, there has been a turning point in the quality of the ecological environment in the basin. The ability to maintain national food and energy security has significantly improved, and solid steps have been taken in the development of urban and rural areas. New breakthroughs have been made in cultural inheritance and development, and domestic and international opening-up and cooperation have reached a higher level. The industrial economy in the basin has made significant progress in innovation, green development, and coordination. The support capacity for technological innovation has been enhanced, and the transformation of industrial structure has achieved initial results. The efficiency of resources and environment has been greatly improved. Anchoring the grand goal of basically achieving socialist modernization by 2035, it is necessary to seize the opportunity of cultivating and developing new quality productive forces on the premise of better coordinated development and security, promote economic-social-environmental co-upgrading with high-quality population development, coordinate the nexus of people-water-food-energy-carbon-ecology, accelerate the construction of the physically bounded Yellow River National Cultural Park, and explore the modernization path of the great river basin to achieve high-quality integrated development of economy, society, ecology, and culture in a coordinated manner. In order to drive the transformation and upgrading of industries, the basin needs continuously to promote regional coordinated development, technological innovation, consumption upgrading, and high-level opening up. Aiming to give full play to the role of national energy security ballast stones and important production bases for green energy in the Yellow River Ji-shaped bend, it also needs to accelerate the construction of national energy security guarantee bases in the Ji-shaped riverbend. Facing the complex human-water relationship, the Yellow River Basin needs to construct a coupled model of the human-nature system based on human-water relationship and systematically understand the human-water relationship in the Yellow River including the integrity from the perspective of the nexus, the systematicity from the perspective of critical threshold, and the synergy from the perspective of remote coupling, which is an important scientific and technological support for promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in this region.