The development of characteristic agriculture is an important approach to achieving rural revitalization and promoting county-level economic development by stimulating industrial vitality. How to combine resource advantages and transform them into industrial strengths is the key to build a high-quality characteristic agriculture industry. This paper selects 31 county-level characteristic agriculture cases as research objects, constructs a TOE and dual-dimensional theoretical indicator system, and uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to extract element combinations and examine the influencing factors and differentiated paths of characteristic agricultural development in China's county-level areas. The study shows that: (1) "organizational resources" and "crop varieties" are the core factors for achieving high-quality development in county-level characteristic agriculture. (2) The high-quality development of county-level characteristic agriculture presents mixed development models, including market-oriented, organization-oriented, and technology-oriented models, as well as outward development models embedded in elements and inward development models relying on endowments. (3) Non-high-quality development of county-level characteristic agriculture exists in outward deficiency models constrained by organizations and mixed deficiency models constrained by organizations-environment and technology-environment. (4) The integration of multiple resource paths from both internal and external drivers is more effective than relying on a single internal or external driver in constructing action mechanisms for high-quality characteristic agriculture development. Based on the above research results, this paper proposes diversified, complementary, and integrated development path suggestions for county-level characteristic agriculture in China, providing a reference for achieving agricultural and rural modernization.

Traditional village tourism symbiosis system is based on the symbiosis unit formed by the interdependence of elements between villages, in the symbiosis environment, with the help of a variety of interactive synergistic relationships and symbiosis modes of construction of the organic whole. It aims to integrate village tourism resources, promote village symbiosis linkage, and enhance the effect of regional tourism development. Based on the symbiosis theory, the article clarifies the three elements of the symbiosis system, such as symbiosis unit, symbiosis mode and symbiosis environment. Along the path of "tourism source-resistance surface-tourism corridor", the traditional village tourism symbiosis system is constructed. We analyze the characteristics of traditional villages' tourism resources, clarify the spatial patterns of different types of symbiotic systems, and propose a tourism development model. The results show that: (1) There are 33 symbiotic units of traditional villages in Chongqing, with large spatial differences in the value of ecological and cultural resources in different places. There are 21 high-value symbiotic units, accounting for 63.63% of the total, which are mainly distributed in the southeastern mountains where minorities gather. (2) There are 83 traditional village tourism corridors in Chongqing, and the average value of symbiotic environment maturity score is 0.068, showing the spatial pattern of "West Chongqing>Northeast Chongqing>Southeast Chongqing". (3) The symbiotic systems of traditional village tourism in Chongqing are categorized into cultural heritage type, ecological landscape type, and ecological and cultural comprehensive development type, accounting for 59.04%, 14.46%, and 26.51%, respectively. Each type of system makes full use of the interaction between natural landscape and minority culture, farming culture, etc. to enhance the development capacity of traditional village tourism and promote common prosperity. The innovative contribution of this study lies in constructing a symbiotic system for traditional village tourism based on symbiosis theory. It successfully solves the problem of isolated tourism development among traditional villages. It provides an important reference and methodology for comprehensively integrating traditional village tourism resources, constructing a new pattern of tourism development, and promoting diversified and high-quality development of traditional villages.

The exploration of homestead withdrawal can provide an important decision-making reference and theoretical support for deepening the reform of rural land system and accelerating the process of urban-rural integration and development. This paper takes Qingshui county in Gansu province as the research area, and based on the perceived value theory, combined with the hierarchical regression model, analyses the mechanism of risk perception and comprehensive satisfaction on the willingness of farmers to withdraw from homesteads by using 1025 micro-survey data, and further classifies the types of willingness of farmers to withdraw from homesteads. The results show that: (1) Risk perception negatively affects homestead withdrawal, with cognitive risk perception having the strongest effect and the facility risk perception being the weakest. (2) Comprehensive satisfaction has a negative effect on homestead withdrawal, with life satisfaction having the most significant effect and the satisfaction with public services and facilities being the weakest. (3) In the analysis of the contribution of independent variables, in terms of risk perception, the risk perception of the homestead withdrawal is the highest, and the perception of owning multiple homesteads is the lowest. In terms of comprehensive satisfaction, the water and electricity facilities receive the highest ratings, while cultural and entertainment amenities are rated the lowest. (4) Based on the two-dimensional analysis framework of 'psychological perception-emotional cognition', the willingness of farmers to withdraw from homesteads can be classified into four types: high-risk avoidance, high-satisfaction trade-off, medium-risk guidance, and low-risk drive. This paper proposes categorized governance strategies to address the characteristics of different types of farm households, aiming to provide a decision-making basis for sustainable rural land use.

Historic and cultural districts serve as vital carriers for the inheritance of urban and rural cultural heritage, and their sustainable renewal urgently requires deep resident participation. This study integrates value co-creation theory and sense of place theory to develop a driving model of participatory renewal: "perceived value-place attachment-value co-creation", examining how multidimensional value perceptions and place attachment shape residents' engagement mechanisms. Using structural equation modeling analysis of 338 valid questionnaires from Nanjing's Old South district, the findings reveal three critical pathways. First, residents' perceived functional value and economic value significantly enhance participation behavior and civic behavioral intentions through the full mediation of place dependence, indicating that instrumental dependence serves as a direct mechanism transforming material needs into actions. Second, perceived emotional value derived from cultural continuity exerts dual effects, directly driving both types of value co-creation intentions and also uniquely activating civic behaviors through the "place identity" pathway. This demonstrates that local emotions rooted in collective memory can bypass institutional constraints to generate spontaneous cultural stewardship. Third, community support exhibits paradoxical moderating effects: while it amplifies the economic value-place dependence linkage, excessive administrative intervention weakens emotional value's impact on place dependence, revealing tensions between institutional empowerment and grassroots cultural agency. These findings challenge traditional economic incentive paradigms by highlighting the catalytic role of cultural identity and emotional capital. Accordingly, a governance framework is proposed: (1) establishing cultural identity reproduction mechanisms through resident-led heritage interpretation, (2) implementing demand-tiered resource allocation that prioritizes functional necessities like sanitation, (3) developing adaptive community support systems that delineate administrative boundaries in cultural practices. This research contributes to urban governance literature by uncovering the psychosocial process from spatial perception to collective action, while offering practical strategies to reconcile preservation and renovation through value symbiosis.

Based on the unique geographical and historical background, red brick has become a distinctive urban characteristic in the Fujian-Taiwan region, with its complex cultural background endowing it with rich potential value. However, the current inheritance and continuation of red brick cultural genes face significant challenges. In this study, we apply scene theory to Quanzhou West Street historical and cultural district, which is the most representative red brick area in Quanzhou. This study adopts the framework of the five elements of a scene to analyze the evaluation process of carrier characteristics, behavioral perception, and amenity value. Through a combination of field research, in-depth interviews, surveys, and big data statistical analysis, we investigate the evaluation indicator system for scene amenities at two levels: the macro-level of the entire district and the micro-level of red brick buildings. Our research findings reveal: (1) The scene elements of the red brick historical district include spatial environment, functional medium, diverse groups, activity combinations, and value attraction. (2) The scene functions of the overall district environment include: historical artifacts, cultural displays, and consumption experiences. These three aspects are interrelated, but the overall satisfaction of Quanzhou West Street still needs improvement. (3) The amenities of red brick architecture can be categorized into four types: color aesthetics, texture, decorative details, and regional characteristics. These categories include 12 traditional architectural features such as red bricks, white stones, wood, windows, balconies, external structures, beam decorations, columns, bricklaying methods, internal spaces, main structures, and roofs. Finally, we propose principles for protection and renewal, specific measures, and strategies for controlling the architectural style of red brick buildings. Our research extends the empirical application of scene theory in China, and provides effective approaches for the protection and renewal of historical and cultural districts.

Different from the previous water rights management at the meso regional level and micro water user level, this article puts the initial water rights of the river basin in the macro common wealth framework, systematically optimizes the initial water rights allocation of the basin from the perspective of fairness and efficiency, constructs a traditional, weighted, sequential bankruptcy game model to clarify the initial water rights allocation scheme, evaluates the overall welfare of the basin using the Kaldor-Hicks criterion, and applies it to the Tarim River Basin, and the Yellow River Basin is used as a substitute basin for testing. The results indicate that: (1) The initial water rights allocation principle is in line with the connotation and value orientation of common prosperity, but the quantitative measurement of fairness and efficiency needs to be improved. The traditional bankruptcy game model has defects such as multidimensional preferences and data distortion, which can be corrected by weighting and other methods. (2) The weight factors of fair negotiation, labor remuneration, and river order make the initial water rights allocation more balanced and fair, with a greater degree of adjustment in labor remuneration. The weight factors of efficiency based water conservancy investment and water resource utilization efficiency make the initial water rights allocation plan more focused on the competitiveness of water resource utilization. After incorporating the river sequence factor into the bankruptcy game model, this research can reflect the information asymmetry of the geographical location of multiple subjects in the basin and the resulting heterogeneity of negotiation status. (3) The Kaldo-Hicks criterion focuses more on improving the overall social benefits when evaluating initial water rights allocation schemes, allowing for individual benefits to decrease while overall benefits increase. It improves the rigorous optimization conditions of the Pareto criterion and is more applicable in practical applications. We should integrate initial water rights allocation into the common prosperity framework, examining how fairness, efficiency, and river sequence factors influence priority-setting among multiple stakeholders in river basins. This approach offers new perspectives for initial water rights allocation and provides a policy foundation for establishing basin-wide allocation systems that advance common prosperity.

Agricultural productive services, as a critical solution to alleviate the "high-carbon lock-in" dilemma in smallholder-dominated agricultural systems, reshape production modes through specialized divisions of labor. However, their emission reduction potential risks are being distorted into a "solution-to-paradox" scenario as a result of policy interventions. Employing panel data from 30 Chinese provincial-level regions (2011-2022), this study systematically deciphers the mechanisms and policy intricacies of agricultural productive services in driving carbon mitigation through integrated fixed-effects, mediation-effects, and threshold regression modeling. Core revelations emerge as follows: (1) The development of agricultural productive services exerts significant inhibitory effects on agricultural carbon emissions. Specifically, a 1% improvement in the implementation level of agricultural productive services corresponds to a 0.160% reduction in agricultural carbon emissions. However, the emission reduction efficacy is subject to bidirectional moderation by aging rural labor forces and fiscal agricultural support policies. (2) The regulatory effects manifest a dynamic tension between "demographic amplification" and "subsidy suppression" and rural labor aging elevates emission reduction elasticity through intensified demand for factor substitution, whereas fiscal agricultural support exceeding the 0.1386 threshold triggers a fertilizer rebound effect under yield-centric subsidy schemes, diminishing mitigation efficiency. (3) The carbon mitigation effects of agricultural productive services exhibit tripartite heterogeneity: policy dependency, east-west efficacy disparity, and basin-specific divergence. Specifically, the emission suppression capacity intensifies remarkably following the implementation of sectoral guidance policies, verifying their institutional catalytic role. Geographically, west regions of the Hu Huanyong Line constrained by underdeveloped service markets and the Pearl River Basin plagued by carbon lock-in effects from cash crop specialization, achieved less than one-third of the decarbonization efficacy observed in the eastern regions and the Yellow River Basin. This study unveils the nonlinear "emission reduction-policy" nexus inherent to agricultural productive services, establishing theoretical foundations to resolve institutional conflicts between service efficiency enhancement and fiscal interventions while informing the construction of differentiated low-carbon agricultural policy frameworks. These insights hold significant practical value for synchronizing agricultural green transformation with rural revitalization strategies, offering a coherent pathway to reconcile ecological modernization with socioeconomic development imperatives.

Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is a crucial cultural resource and an integral part of China's excellent traditional culture. Protecting, inheriting, and promoting ICH is significant for preserving historical context, strengthening cultural confidence, fostering civilizational exchanges, and building a socialist cultural power. After over two decades of efforts, China has achieved remarkable progress in ICH protection and accumulated valuable experience. Currently, ICH preservation is transitioning from "rescue-oriented protection" to "systematic protection", marked by new characteristics. This special discussion invites experts and scholars from ICH and related fields to explore topics such as ICH protection system construction, innovative protection models, and inheritance pathways. Based on their insights, the following priorities emerge for innovative protection and inheritance in the New Era: (1) Promote systematic ICH protection by emphasizing the relationship between ICH and its environment, implementing regional holistic conservation through cultural ecological reserves, and building a people-centered protection system. (2) As a crystallization of ethnic wisdom and a key bond for consolidating the Chinese national community, ICH must connect with contemporary life. Multi-stakeholder collaboration should facilitate its integration into modern society to achieve creative transformation and innovative development. (3) Technology and tourism can empower ICH protection and inheritance across multiple dimensions. However, the core objective of heritage preservation must remain paramount. Strategic integration of technological tools can deepen ICH-tourism synergies, improve heritage experience infrastructure, facilitate ICH preservation and adaptive reuse, and effectively support both rural revitalization and urban renewal initiatives.

Based on the research samples of 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 2010 to 2022, this paper uses the entropy weight method, comprehensive adaptation and Spatial econometric model to conduct an empirical analysis on the temporal and spatial evolution and influencing factors of rural three-industry integration and agricultural green transformation. The results show that: (1) On the comprehensive evaluation, during the inspection period, the level of China's rural three-industry integration and agricultural green transformation is rising, but the average annual growth rate of rural three-industry integration is significantly faster than that of agricultural green transformation. In terms of spatial differentiation, the integration level of the three rural industries is bounded by the planting animal husbandry boundary, and the level of the southern area is higher than that of the northern area. The agricultural green transformation is characterized by the spatial pattern of "high in the southeast and northeast, while low in the northwest". (2) In terms of the degree of adaptation, China's rural three-industry integration and agricultural green transformation adaptation show a good development trend of steady progress, roughly experience three stages of "growth-stability-shock", but the annual average is only 0.61, still in a relatively adaptive level. In terms of regional differences, the average fitness of China's eight comprehensive economic zones is ranked as "northern coastal zones>eastern coastal zones>southwest>middle reaches of the Yangtze River>middle reaches of Yellow River>southern coastal zones>northeast>northwest". (3) In terms of influencing factors, digital penetration, economic development level, scientific and technological innovation level, and higher education level have a significant positive impact on adaptation. On this basis, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the adaptive development of the two elements.

Under the backdrop of ecological civilization and regional coordinated development, research on watershed settlements holds significant importance. Currently, the field of historical geography has established a localized knowledge framework for understanding the evolution of settlements in irrigation areas from the perspective of social transformation. This foundation supports the present study's value orientation, which centers on the symbiotic relationship among "water, society, people, and ecology" in irrigation area settlements conceptualized as water community. However, the evolution and spatial patterns of these settlements, rooted in the cultural core of water community, remain poorly understood. This study examines settlements of the Hetao Irrigation Area with a focus on water-related dynamics as the core research theme. It seeks to develop an explanatory model for the formation of irrigation area settlements based on the conceptual framework of water community, while analyzing their evolutionary patterns to achieve a scientific understanding of human-land relationships in these areas. The study posits that the essence of water community lies in the flexible and interactive organic structure formed by watershed irrigation settlements under specific ecological environments and productivity conditions, representing a universal developmental model for such settlements. The core value evolution trajectory of irrigation area settlements progresses from military-agricultural colonization→fragmented small-scale farming→garden-style large-scale agriculture→high-standard eco-economic agriculture across the entire irrigation area. Concurrently, the water management order of settlements shifts from the traditional "contextual production order" of irrigation-based farming to the modern "performance-based production order" of irrigated agriculture, driving the sustainable development of irrigation area settlements.

In recent years, agricultural heritage sites have gradually become a key focus area within academic circles. As the primary stakeholders within these areas, a comprehensive understanding of farmers' perceptions, intentions, and emotional well-being is essential for promoting the sustainable development of agricultural heritage sites and addressing livelihood-related challenges. However, the emotional state of farmers in agricultural heritage sites under tourism intervention, as well as the issue of village-level differences, remain to be further explored. Taking four administrative villages in the Ziquejie Terraces Region area as case studies, this article employs questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews. Utilizing factor analysis and nonparametric tests, it examines the overall characteristics and village-level variations in farmers' emotions under tourism intervention across three dimensions: sense of fulfillment, happiness, and security. The findings reveal that: (1) The "three senses of livelihood" among farmers in the four villages generally exhibit positive states, with scores across all dimensions falling within the high range [3.5, 5]. Significant village-level differences exist within specific sub-items of each dimension. (2) Village-level differences in happiness are manifested in two aspects: quality of life and infrastructure. (3) Village-level differences in sense of gain are primarily reflected in three aspects: employment opportunities, income levels, and cultural and sports activities. (4) Village-level variations in security are primarily reflected in cultural security, labor safety, and traffic safety. Based on these findings, a multi-stakeholder co-construction and co-governance pathway for emotional adaptation among farmers in agricultural heritage sites is proposed. This study offers new insights into understanding and addressing village-level variations in farmers' emotions within agricultural heritage sites under tourism intervention, aiming to provide references for their sustainable development.

Based on the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method and drawing on data from 1166 households and 5041 plots in Sichuan province, this study investigates the impact of high-standard farmland construction on farmland transfer from the dual perspectives of plot governance and household decision-making. The findings are as follows: (1) At the plot level, high-standard farmland construction significantly promotes land transfer, with field consolidation, infrastructure development, and post-construction management playing notable roles. Larger plots with convenient locations and flat terrain are more likely to be transferred. (2) At the household level, high-standard farmland construction also significantly facilitates land transfer, with field consolidation and infrastructure development being particularly influential. This positive effect is significant across households of different operational scales and degrees of off-farm employment. (3) Interaction analysis reveals that large-scale farmers show stronger transfer effects for large plots, nearby plots and non-plain plots, while highly off-farm-employed households prefer small and nearby plots but exhibit weaker effects; in contrast, households with low off-farm employment generally benefit. The study suggests that high-standard farmland construction should be steadily advanced, along with improvements to the matching support system between households and land plots, in order to revitalize the farmland transfer market.

Innovating the multi-stakeholder collaborative governance model is essential for addressing the China's urban renewal and developmental obstacles. It would also assist in promoting high-quality urban development. This study analyzes the practical pathways and internal mechanisms of collaborative governance in urban renewal. With Hangzhou as an example, the study adopts a case study and inductive analysis methods to explore these dynamics. The results indicate that: (1) Hangzhou's urban renewal has developed four governance paths. The first path is building a governance environment through an integrated management system and diverse policy tools. The second path is establishing a governance structure that coordinates the efforts of government, market, residents, and society. The third path is applying governance tools that combine knowledge-based discourse and physical technology. Finally, the fourth path is achieving governance outcomes that balance development, livelihood, and preservation. (2) Multi-stakeholder collaborative governance of urban renewal should encompass an integrated framework of 'synergistic environment-structure-means-outcomes.' This includes an environmental synergy through self-consistent management and coordinated policy innovation, a structural synergy via diversified interest coordination and differentiated power allocation, a means synergy through normative procedures and incentive controls, and a results synergy focused on balancing conflicting goals with universal sharing. These integrated mechanisms are designed to facilitate high-quality urban renewal through coordinated development strategies. Therefore, this study offers four key governance insights. Firstly, it highlights the principles of responsibility-rights coordination and dynamic adjustment to innovate management systems and policy tools. Secondly, it calls for allocating stakeholder power based on roles to build an inclusive urban renewal governance community. Thirdly, it proposes combining regulation and incentives for flexible yet effective governance approaches. Finally, it stresses balancing efficiency and equity to achieve coordinated economic, social, and environmental development. These insights provide valuable lessons for advancing urban renewal governance in the New Era.

With the development of digital technology, the construction of digital teaching resources has become an important topic in the field of professional education. This paper addresses the challenges faced by territorial spatial planning education in key areas in the New Era and explores the integrated construction of digital teaching resources for Introduction to Territorial Spatial Planning based on the virtual teaching and research office. The aim is to break the boundaries of traditional education and achieve the co-construction and sharing of high-quality teaching resources. The specific construction contents are as follows: (1) A systematic resource integration and construction model is established. It takes the knowledge graph as the core framework, and combines printed and digital materials as the presentation form of new textbooks, and uses smart courses for scenario-based demonstration. This model realizes the comprehensive digital transformation of teaching resources and the efficient co-construction and sharing of these resources. By leveraging the knowledge graph, the relationships between various knowledge points in the curriculum can be clearly presented, so as to facilitate students' understanding and teachers' organization of teaching content. The combination of printed and digital textbooks provides students with more flexible learning materials, and the smart courses offer real-world scenarios for students to apply their knowledge. (2) A cross-school collaboration mechanism is constructed. Teachers from multiple majors and industry experts cooperate to carry out the construction and sharing of digital teaching resources. This collaboration leads to the innovation of teaching models and the diversification of learning methods. Teachers from different schools can bring in their unique teaching experiences and perspectives, while industry experts can provide practical cases and the latest industry trends. Students can thus benefit from a more comprehensive and up-to-date teaching. (3) A knowledge iteration and problem feedback mechanism is built. This mechanism ensures the effectiveness and sustainability of the integrated construction of digital teaching resources. As the field of territorial spatial planning is constantly evolving, the teaching resources need to be updated in a timely manner. Feedback from students and teachers enables the identification of instructional challenges while facilitating evidence-based refinement of digital teaching materials.

Ecosystem service flows (ESF) serve as a crucial bridge connecting the supply of ecosystem services to human demand. However, there are still deficiencies in the framework research on driving mechanisms and practical applications. In this research, we took the freshwater yield ecosystem service in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin as a case study. We developed a comprehensive framework focusing on "supply-demand quantification-attribute evaluation-driving analysis-pattern optimization" utilizing methods such as network model, random forest, and Bayesian belief network. The key findings are as follows: (1) There was a spatial mismatch between the freshwater yield ecosystem service supply and demand, with demand exceeding supply in the study area. (2) Three flow directions and 35 sub-boundaries were identified throughout the flow process, with flow quantity ranging from 0 to 188×10⁶ m³. (3) Evapotranspiration and human activities were the primary factors affecting the changes in supply-demand, with the contribution of 0.47 and 0.14, respectively. (4) Key optimization areas included Southern Luoyang, Central and Southern Sanmenxia, and Central Jiyuan. The comprehensive framework developed in this study analyzes ecosystem service supply and demand from four dimensions, enhancing the organization and depth of "flow" research. Furthermore, the framework demonstrates strong practical applicability, specifically in addressing the supply-demand imbalance of ecosystem services, providing robust support for water resource management and government decision-making in the Henan section of the Yellow River through effective water resource optimization.

The 'compensation to comprehensive occupation' system (CCOS), which is characterized by rigid regulations, serves as a crucial policy for China to enforce the redline mandate for farmland conservation and reinforce the foundation of national food security. Exploring effective incentive measures is essential to stimulate the willingness of entities' responsibilities for compensating farmland and ensure its stable use. Based on Williamson's social science analytical framework and situational analysis methodology, this study aims to compare the practices of transfer of development right domestically and internationally, additionally, interpret its underlying logic in various scenarios, and propose an optimization system by capturing the value derived from the transfer of farmland development right (TFDR). The results show that: (1) Similar to the international TDR, the CCOS in China is a farmland conservation policy tool based on the TFDR. Their similarities and differences exist in institutional environment, governance structure, and resource allocation. (2) Under different scenarios within the CCOS, when farmland development rights are either transferred and realized in the occupied area or restored in the compensated area, the entities' responsibilities for compensated farmland should obtain the license fee for the TFDR or be compensated for revenue losses due to farmland appreciation, respectively. (3) Optimizing the CCOS should be guided by three key aspects. Firstly, the property rights subjects should be clearly defined to establish a property rights foundation for capturing and allocating value increments from the TFDR. Secondly, governance structure should aim to construct a hybrid governance framework integrating government supervision and market mechanism for the TFDR. Thirdly, allocation efficiency improvement requires the establishment of a system combining responsibility constraints and economic incentives for allocating the supplementary farmland. Optimizing the CCOS through the TFDR is an effective strategy to promote farmland conservation through economic incentives. The research findings offer theoretical and practical references for improving the farmland conservation policies and incentivizing the supplementary farmland providers.

The system of protected areas in China has been initially established, but the effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration remains limited. Conducting an evaluation of ecological protection and restoration effectiveness, identifying priority protected areas, and implementing a regional management model are crucial for regional sustainable development. This study focuses on the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, integrating multiple dimensions, including ecosystem patterns, quality, function, and social-ecological feedback, to develop a framework for evaluating ecological protection and restoration effectiveness. Furthermore, we identified key ecological areas and the spatial distribution of priority protected areas. The results showed that: Significant differences in the ecological protection and restoration effectiveness of protected areas across various indicators. Overall, from 2018 to 2022 indicators such as landscape connectivity (+2.17%), vegetation cover (+9.38%), biodiversity (+5%), soil conservation capacity (+4.91%), and carbon sequestration and oxygen release function (+4.46%) achieved an excellent level, while public satisfaction (+2.56%) reached a good level. However, indicators such as important ecological land area (-1.04%), air quality (-16.85%), water conservation capacity (-16.17%), and human footprint (+7.83%) showed a poor level. A total of 21 priority protected areas were identified in the study area, mainly distributed in the Taihu Lake Basin, Northern Zhejiang, and Northern Anhui. Based on the research results, a regional management model of "3-Core Dynamic (3CD)" was proposed, comprising zonal control, node linkage, and dynamic optimization. This study provides scientific references for regional ecological protection, restoration, and sustainable development.

To safeguard national ecological security and optimize territorial spatial planning, the Chinese government has introduced and implemented the ecological red line (ERL) strategy. Since the delineation of ERL was completed in 2022, ensuring effective and sustainable long-term management has become a critical challenge. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental logic, conceptual framework, and implementation pathways of ERL management. The findings indicate that although the ERL delineates explicit spatial boundaries in territorial spatial planning, effective management requires adherence to three key principles: baseline thinking, systematic thinking, and flexible thinking. It is crucial not only to focus on the internal protection of ecological functions but also to consider ecological synergy with surrounding areas. Additionally, while strict regulatory enforcement is essential, management strategies must balance ecological conservation with socio-economic development needs. Given the complexity of coordinating ecological protection across diverse regions and stakeholders, a structured approach to ERL management is essential. To achieve this, the management framework should at least encompass three levels: protecting critical ecological spaces by strictly controlling land-use changes and minimizing human disturbances, optimizing ecological security patterns through the restoration and enhancement of ecosystem functions, and enhancing ecosystem services to maximize their long-term environmental and economic benefits. Furthermore, an integrated governance support system is necessary to ensure effective implementation. This system should include legal mechanisms to establish regulatory authority, define responsibilities, and enforce compliance; administrative measures to strengthen spatial planning supervision, land-use control, and ecosystem restoration initiatives; and technological innovations such as remote sensing monitoring, ecological assessment models, and early warning systems to enhance real-time oversight and adaptive management. Ultimately, the implementation of ERL management is a comprehensive, systematic, complex, and long-term task.

The Yellow River Basin is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization, the main hub of historical evolution, and the key support of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin are related to the overall situation of comprehensively promoting Chinese path to modernization. The Yellow River Basin is an economic, social, ecological, and cultural complex system that is comprehensive, holistic, diverse, and complex, while also having close and distant coupling relationships with external regions. In the past five years since the implementation of the major national strategy for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, there has been a turning point in the quality of the ecological environment in the basin. The ability to maintain national food and energy security has significantly improved, and solid steps have been taken in the development of urban and rural areas. New breakthroughs have been made in cultural inheritance and development, and domestic and international opening-up and cooperation have reached a higher level. The industrial economy in the basin has made significant progress in innovation, green development, and coordination. The support capacity for technological innovation has been enhanced, and the transformation of industrial structure has achieved initial results. The efficiency of resources and environment has been greatly improved. Anchoring the grand goal of basically achieving socialist modernization by 2035, it is necessary to seize the opportunity of cultivating and developing new quality productive forces on the premise of better coordinated development and security, promote economic-social-environmental co-upgrading with high-quality population development, coordinate the nexus of people-water-food-energy-carbon-ecology, accelerate the construction of the physically bounded Yellow River National Cultural Park, and explore the modernization path of the great river basin to achieve high-quality integrated development of economy, society, ecology, and culture in a coordinated manner. In order to drive the transformation and upgrading of industries, the basin needs continuously to promote regional coordinated development, technological innovation, consumption upgrading, and high-level opening up. Aiming to give full play to the role of national energy security ballast stones and important production bases for green energy in the Yellow River Ji-shaped bend, it also needs to accelerate the construction of national energy security guarantee bases in the Ji-shaped riverbend. Facing the complex human-water relationship, the Yellow River Basin needs to construct a coupled model of the human-nature system based on human-water relationship and systematically understand the human-water relationship in the Yellow River including the integrity from the perspective of the nexus, the systematicity from the perspective of critical threshold, and the synergy from the perspective of remote coupling, which is an important scientific and technological support for promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in this region.

As a key institutional arrangement for advancing the rural revitalization strategy, the current operational framework of the collectively-owned land use regulation system consists of a supervision mechanism for formulation and implementation, as well as a compensation mechanism for benefit distribution. However, this operational framework has encountered practical challenges that fail to align with the unique spatial use characteristics and property rights features of collectively-owned land. The theoretical framework of land development rights, originating from the West, can serve as a key tool for solving practical problems in the current collectively-owned land use regulation system. Based on the meaning and role of land development rights under China's collectively-owned land ownership system, the land development rights are applied to the special spatial use and property rights characteristics of collectively-owned land, and the theoretical framework for solving practical problems is constructed. Based on this, the collectively-owned land use regulation logic is proposed, which consists of two parts: the first is collectively-owned land use regulation logic of establishment, implementation and supervision based on government restrictions on land development rights; the second is the collectively-owned land use regulation logic of compensation and distribution of benefits based on the realization of land ownership and use rights. This study advances a framework to optimize the spatial valuation of rural land and facilitate efficient factor allocation, thereby empowering farmers to achieve sustained income growth and common prosperity, and critical steps toward realizing the strategic goal of rural revitalization.

As a unique spatial governance mechanism in China, the Major Function Oriented Zone (MFOZ) plays a crucial role in coordinating territorial space development and protection. However, it reveals limitations in effectively supporting the new development paradigm under the evolving requirements of regional coordination and high-quality development. To enhance the systematic integration of MFOZ planning into the territorial spatial planning system, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of its functional orientation, policy framework, and spatial governance logic. Through clarifying the theoretical connections between "Double Evaluation" and MFOZ, we establish an evaluation system encompassing three core dimensions: ecological services, agricultural production, and urban development. The proposed methodology integrates dominant factor identification with adaptive refinement to formulate spatial adjustment strategies. By synthesizing natural resource endowments and socioeconomic development factors, this research develops an optimized technical framework for MFOZ delineation. Taking Guangdong province as a case study, we implement functional index evaluation and propose spatially differentiated adjustment schemes based on regional characteristics. The findings provide theoretical and practical references for MFOZ optimization in regional spatial planning systems.

Evaluations of urban land use economy-intensive level rarely focus on its relative performance within the urban system. Adjusting and modifying urban land use economy-intensive levels based on urban scaling laws helps to identify and quantify the potential improvement within the current urban population size more accurately. Based on the urban scaling laws and Scale-Adjusted Metropolitan Indicators (SAMIs), this paper measures the urban land use economy-intensive performance (ULUP) from 2012 to 2022, and analyzes its correlation with land input performance (LIP), land output performance (LOP) and green pollution emissions reduction performance (GEP). Results show that: (1) Urban scaling and SAMIs effectively correct the scaling effects on evaluation results, providing a more objective and quantitative measurement standard for urban land use economy-intensive level. (2) Spatial distribution patterns show that regions with high ULUP in China are concentrated in coastal regions such as the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. In contrast, the ULUP of small and medium-sized cities in Northeast, Southwest, and Northwest China has yet to fully realize its scaling potential, indicating the potential for improvement. From 2012 to 2022, 77.4% of cities maintained stability or showed positive changes in terms of ULUP, indicating an overall trend of stabilization and steady improvement nationwide. (3) From the perspective of regional and scale heterogeneity, ULUP is relatively high in eastern China and megacities, while there is still potential for improvement in Northeast China and medium-sized cities. (4) Cities with comparable population sizes that generate higher outputs using fewer inputs while producing lower emissions demonstrate higher ULUP. This study can help correct the biases of traditional linear evaluation methods, providing a targeted framework and empirical basis for scientifically evaluating ULUP and urban efficiency, and formulating differentiated land management policies.

The integration of digital technologies into tourism has not only introduced transformative opportunities for the industry but also catalyzed the emergence of new quality productive forces, ushering in a New Era characterized by advanced technology, high efficiency, and quality-driven development. Combining the characteristics of tourism and new quality productive forces, this study focuses on the concept, connotation, formation mechanism and development path of tourism new quality productive forces under the background of digital tourism integration. With the goal of pursuing high-tech, high-efficiency and high-quality in tourism industry in the integration of digital and tourism, and based on systems theory, this study has constructed a mechanism theoretical model from four dimensions: element integration, capability enhancement, system balance, and development orientation for the formation mechanism of new quality productive forces in tourism industry, covering mechanisms such as integration, digital empowerment, supply-demand coordination, and goal-oriented approaches. Through the synergistic effect of "element-ability-equilibrium-orientation", the four types of mechanisms promote the continuous formation of new quality productive forces in the tourism industry. From "technology-ecology-value" trinity perspective, three important development paths for new quality productive forces in tourism industry are proposed: digital transformation, digital ecosystem construction, and multi-objective coordination. The three paths are interdependent and mutually reinforcing, jointly promoting the high-tech, high-efficiency and high-quality development of the tourism industry, and ultimately embodying the new connotation of new quality productivity of tourism industry with service-oriented, innovation-driven, new products, new formats and new models as the carrier. Finally, management insights are provided to offer theoretical support and practical guidance for the formation and development of new quality productive forces in tourism industry from three aspects: iterative upgrades of digital services, strengthening data sharing and efficient utilization, emphasizing the cultivation and recruitment of digital talent and accelerating the strides toward building a strong tourism nation. As digital technology continues to advance rapidly and tourism consumption demands become increasingly diversified and personalized, the role of emerging productive forces in driving the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry and achieving high-quality development will grow progressively more significant.