"Three rural issues" (issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) is an important mainline of the CPC's centennial course of party building and China's urban-rural development. In order to solve the "three rural issues" in the New Era and promote the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, we hereby invite ten experts in the research field of "three rural issues" and rural revitalization research to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on three perspectives: Historical process and institutional context, urban-rural system and cross scale space, and the integration of policy theory, technical methods, and rural construction practice. It revolves three main lines: The strategic stage and institutional changes of "three rural issues", the essence of "three rural issues" and the ways to solve new "three rural issues", and the rural revitalization mechanism and rural construction practice. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The essence, key areas, and institutional mechanism innovation of the "three rural issues" in the context of spatio-temporal processes and institutional contexts. It is necessary to grasp the laws of "three rural" (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) and diagnose the "three rural issues" from the perspective of urban and rural regional systems and even the global perspective space. The "three rural issues" is an optimization decision-making problem for improving the functions of rural regional systems within the overall framework of urban and rural regional systems. The imbalance in urban-rural development and insufficient rural development are the concentrated reflection of the "three rural issues" in the New Era. The crux of the "three rural issues" lies in the uncoordinated development of "human, land, and industry". The core goal of China's "three rural issues" in the new development stage is to move towards the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas. The corresponding development system and working mechanism of "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" need to grasp the two "bottom lines", do a good job in the two "connections", and promote the two "integrations" in key areas such as national food security, farmers' livelihood development, modern agriculture and rural development, rural revitalization, and urban-rural integration development. (2) The theory of rural revitalization and the rural spatial planning under the requirements of urban-rural system interaction and people's common prosperity. The research and solution of China's "three rural issues" are rooted in the geographical theory of territorial system theory of human-environment interaction and location theory, the sector economy theory and the economic cycle theory, as well as the theory of development economics, sociological function theory and social conflict theories. In the research practice of the "three rural issues", land use transformation theory, rural reconstruction theory, rural development multi-body and multi-pole theory, interface theory, rural attraction theory, and rural sustainability have also been developed. The urban-rural integrated development and the common prosperity of the people should be the result of balanced regional development and Chinese path to modernization. The folk expression of "making rural life attractive" and the strategic goal of "basically realizing rural modernization by 2035" are mutually "exterior-interior" relationship, which can be comprehensively explained from the following three aspects: The spatio-temporal differences and path differentiation of rural settlement evolution and multi-functional transformation, and the phenomenon explanation of rural gentrification and the theoretical application of rural attraction in the context of urban-rural interaction, as well as the theoretical significance and practical path of rural modernization under the guidance of rural sustainability science. Improving local quality is an inherent requirement to meet the people's needs for a better life, and it is an essential requirement and general law of rural revitalization driven by innovation. As the edge of the national urban-rural system, rural areas face constraints such as segmentation, remoteness, low density, and insufficient heterogeneity dividends in improving local quality. Therefore, to improve local quality of rural areas, it is necessary to adapt to and alleviate the relative inefficiency of rural geography, and its important promotion paths include the characteristic development based on endowment, digital transformation and rural agglomeration centered around cities and towns. Guided by spatial planning and taking into account the integrated functional development of production-living-ecological spaces in rural areas, as well as the integration of urban and rural space through spatial planning, through promoting the quality of living space through comprehensive land improvement, assisting in the realization of multifunctional value in agricultural space through refined management, ensuring the sustainable use of ecological space through systematic protection and restoration, which is a solid foundation for rural revitalization and the construction of a new urban-rural relationship. (3) The path mechanism and technical support for the comprehensive rural revitalization and rural construction under the new needs of ecological civilization construction and governance modernization. Comprehensive rural revitalization requires the revitalization of industries, the reform of land, the development of human well-being, and the intelligent updating of technology. First, the essence of operating rural areas is the rational allocation of resources as the object of factors. It is necessary to integrate the high-quality development of agriculture with the high-quality and livable rural areas, promote the interaction and integration of urban and rural systems, actively link natural science, engineering technology innovation, and institutional innovation from the perspective of the big food concept, and implement food safety and important agricultural product supply security. Second, facing the new demand of rural sustainable development and governance modernization, we should innovate the property right governance integration mechanism of rural land system, especially actively build a rural green development mechanism with farmers' participation and an external benefit sharing mechanism of ecological environment governance. Third, it is urgent to break through the barriers that farmers share the gains from the appreciation of rural assets, fill the gap between small farmers and modern agriculture, and establish a concept of county governance that meets the needs of Chinese path to modernization. Fourth, rural construction is an organic combination of the governance of public spaces by the state and the daily life practices of farmers. Through the theory and technology of "computational" rural areas, effective connection and information sharing between the state and rural areas can be achieved, promoting coordinated development from micro to macro, and from local to whole. And we should achieve the aim of building livable, suitable for work, and beautiful rural areas, through multi-level main body co-construction, co-governance, and management. To sum up, the interview views can provide theoretical reference and decision-making reference for the "three rural issues" work innovation and rural revitalization practice towards Chinese path to modernization.

Under the mission of the new era, guiding the development of rural tourism resources with the goal of common prosperity has the dual significance of enhancing the value of resources and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization. According to the logic of "development of rural tourism resources-realization of the common prosperity of rural farmers-attainment of material and spiritual prosperity of the entire society", this paper identifies the relationship between the development of rural tourism resources and common prosperity and clarifies the realistic predicament and the existing gap in achieving common prosperity. It is found that both traditional rural tourist destinations oriented by local resources and modern rural tourist destinations oriented by high-standard services are actively excavating advantageous resources and improving supporting facilities so as to adapt to market transformation. Meanwhile, two major characteristics are reflected: first, the participants of rural tourism resources have diversified cooperation, and the development mode is becoming mature; second, rural tourism has made outstanding contributions in helping reduce poverty, promoting social equity and satisfying spiritual and cultural needs, which fully fits the process of common prosperity. However, there is still a large gap between the development of rural tourism resources and the goal of common prosperity. In particular, different regions and different groups have multiple gaps in the efficiency, level and ability of development, which leads to the lack of extensive, in-depth and thorough solutions to contradictions between the unbalanced development of rural areas and the farmers' needs for a better life. Based on the the principle of "high-quality development of rural tourism, integrated development of urban and rural areas, and all-round development of people", this paper constructs an innovative path of rural tourism resources, which is composed of "effective development, collaborative development and sustainable development" to promote the high-quality transformation and development of China's rural tourism industry and help achieve common prosperity.

Urban-rural integrated development is an important way to coordinate the national strategies of new urbanization and rural revitalization. It is also crucial for Chinese-style modernization. To comprehensively tackle challenges facing the current urban-rural integration in China, explore the path of coordinated urban-rural governance, and clarify the strategies for urban-rural integrated development, experts from various fields were cordially invited to engage in in-depth discussions on pressing issues related to urban-rural iintegrated development. These issues include the trends and pathways of urban-rural integration in contemporary China, Innovation of institutions and mechanisms for urban-rural integration, implementation pathways for territorial spatial planning, emerging rural business models and rural transformation pathways, high-quality development pathways for urban-rural integration in different regions, and the path of promoting urban-rural integrated development through comprehensive land consolidation. These discussions aimed to advance theoretical research and practical planning of urban-rural integrated development in China. Attentions need to be paid in urban-rural integrated development in the New Era on: (1) The primary obstacles and innovative pathways in the institutions and mechanisms of urban-rural integrated development guided by comprehensive coordination and regional interconnectivity. Constructing an infrastructure and public service system that effectively connects and complements urban and rural areas, accelerating the coordinated development of urban and rural areas using counties as the carrier, and promoting the flexible governance of this population while concurrently achieving integrated governance of urban-rural natural and social system. Promoting cross-border governance, encouraging cooperation and assistance between eastern and western regions, and achieving regional-scale coordinated development between urban and rural areas. Underdeveloped regions in both Central and Western China should strengthen the linkage role of counties and small towns. This involves enhancing their attractiveness for the inflow of talent, technology, and capital, and driving the transformation of industrial structures towards digitization, intelligence, and low. In contrast, developed regions in the Eastern China should establish a spatial structure system with multiple focal points, network layout, and clear hierarchies. They should expand the breadth and precision of urban-rural factor mobility, and promote the transformation and upgrade of traditional infrastructure and public services, aiming for inclusive development. (2) Optimizing the allocation of resource elements driven by the "planning-utilization-consolidation" cycle in territorial spatial management to achieve shared urban-rural governance and rural reconstruction. Anchoring the spatial pattern of urban and rural development through territorial spatial planning, optimizing the urban-rural spatial layout during planning implementation. Ultimately, improving the spatial quality organic renewal and driving bidirectional flows of diverse elements between urban and rural regions. Place emphasis on rural functional provision, resource utilization orientation, and industrial development models, uncovering multifaceted rural functions including production, lifestyle, ecology, and landscapes. Exploring regionally adapted industrial integration models that enhance agricultural and rural development vitality through distinctive features and high efficiency gains. We also should enhance the leading role of comprehensive land consolidation policies, incentivize and support active private capital involvement, promote resource integration and value enhancement. Strengthening urban-rural industrial synergy and integrated development, and facilitating the orderly flow of urban-rural resource elements. (3) Enhanced awareness and innovative practices in targeted urban-rural governance and rural transformation supported by digital technology and intelligent platforms. Establishing an urban-rural data sharing platform helps bridge the "digital divide" in urban-rural integrated development and enables refined governance across urban and rural areas. Deeply apply the technologies like 5G, Internet of Things (IoT) to support the transformation and upgrade of conventional infrastructure. Expanding the coverage of digital devices in rural basic facilities, and utilizing digital technology to integrate cultural resources across urban and rural areas. Promoting the deep integration of the digital economy and the physical economy involves linking consumer markets through the internet and digital technology, establishing diverse channels for agricultural product distribution, and stimulating the transformation of consumption patterns and the enhancement of consumption capabilities for both urban and rural residents. Embedding digital technology into rural industry development and social governance processes to facilitate the intelligent transformation of agricultural production, digitalization of rural industry development, smartification of rural administrative affairs, and establishment of a digital grid for rural social governance. The aforementioned viewpoints can provide theoretical support and decision-making foundations for achieving the goal of urban-rural integrated development oriented towards Chinese-style modernization.

The high-quality development of resource-based cities is of great importance. In order to clearly understand the problems existing in the transformation of resource-based cities and clarify the high-quality development path, experts from different fields are invited to discuss the current research frontiers of the main dilemmas and breakthrough paths of high-quality development of resource-based cities. The interview results show that the transformation of resource-based cities in China has made great achievements, but there is still a great distance from the requirements of high-quality development, highlighted by the fact that economic development still fails to get rid of the development path of resource dependence, the gathering of new factors to promote high-quality development is weak and resource-based cities are facing great pressure both internally and externally under the carbon emission reduction target. In the New Era, it is necessary to reconceptualize the role and status of resource-based cities and improve the ability of resource-based cities to ensure national resource and energy security; to realize the re-cognition of the new resource system based on a profound grasp of the connotation of the traditional concept of resource endowment, pay attention to the excavation of new resources and enrich the new knowledge system of resource-based city research. According to the development conditions of different types of resource-based cities, it is necessary to implement measures by categories and promote the innovative development of resource-based cities according to local conditions, and continue to improve the employment elasticity of economic growth, enhance the ability of economic development to pull employment, and pay full attention to the creation and cultivation of employment opportunities; accelerate the exploration of a green and efficient transformation and development path, and simultaneously realize the greening of "stock" and the greening of "increment"; to comprehensively consider the development basis and factor resource conditions of resource-based cities, and change from the traditional "growth and expansion type" to the development mode of "combination of efficient growth and smart shrinkage". It is necessary to integrate new data and new technological methods to scientifically/intelligently support the spatial governance of resource (exhausted) cities; to establish the guiding ideology of giving priority to people's livelihood, make up for the historical debts in the past construction process of resource-based cities through urban renewal, comprehensively improve the livability level and economic vitality of resource-based cities, and reshape the urban socio-spatial network; The "chain system" schemes and models such as "strengthen the chain, complement the chain and extend the chain" should be fully referenced for the industrial transformation of resource-based cities. The above viewpoints provide scientific and feasible theoretical and decision support for the high-quality development of resource-based cities.

The vulnerability of ecological environment is an important factor restricting the sustainable and high-quality development of economy. Taking 73 cities in the Yellow River Basin as the research objects, we constructed an evaluation index system of the ecological environment vulnerability of the basin from 2005 to 2018. Principal component analysis was used to calculate the ecological environment vulnerability index. According to the natural break point method, the cities were divided into five categories: extreme vulnerability, severe vulnerability, moderate vulnerability, light vulnerability and slight vulnerability. In addition, through spatial correlation analysis, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the ecological environment vulnerability of the study area are revealed. The ecological environmental vulnerability in 2025 is predicted by CA-Markov model. The results showed that: (1) The vulnerability of ecological environment in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River shows the distribution characteristics of "low, medium and high", respectively. And there are differences in the variation trend of the ecological environment vulnerability: although there are large differences in the upper reaches, the fluctuations are similar, the fluctuation direction is opposite in the middle reaches, and a downward trend occurred after 2016 in the lower reaches. (2) The vulnerability of ecological environment is spatially correlated. The upper reaches show low-low aggregation, the lower reaches show high-high aggregation, and the spatial correlation in the middle reaches is not significant. (3) It is predicted that the severe vulnerability in the middle reaches will expand in 2025, while the extreme vulnerability in the lower reaches will contract to the central region. The management and protection of the ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin is not a matter of one day, nor can it be completed by one basin alone. The upper, middle and lower reaches should formulate appropriate management and protection measures according to different natural conditions to meet the needs of the overall development.

The study on strategies of high-quality development oriented ecosystem protection and territory spatial utilization has important practical significance for promoting the construction of ecological civilization in the Yellow River Basin and the balanced development in the whole China. A theoretical research framework of strategies for ecosystem protection and territory spatial utilization for high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin was constructed based on the relationship of "Pressure-State-Response". Under the framework, this paper analyzed the ecological construction and land development behavior including land reclamation, grain for green and urban encroachment brought by the pressure of urbanization, and its impact on the evolution of the land spatial patterns and ecosystem in the study area. The spatial differences in restrictions between ecosystem protection, agricultural production and territory spatial development in the basin, from the perspective of territory spatial utilization and development restrictions and the resource and environmental carrying capacity, were also examined. Based on prominent problems existing and the unique "natural-humanistic" characteristics in the Yellow River Basin, the coordinated development strategy of "water resources protection-green development-cultural inheritance" for the high-quality development were proposed, including the National Nature Reserve protection, the ecological infrastructure network construction, the green industry development and characteristic cultural inheritance, and the relevant guiding policies and the safeguard measures. It can provide support and guarantee for the high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.

This study creates an evaluation index system for the degree of urban water scarcity based on the results of previous research and uses principal component analysis (PCA) to assess the level of water scarcity in 32 major cities in China from 2011 to 2020. The types and distribution characteristics of water scarcity are identified, along with the dominant physical meaning of the principal components, using the group-based multi-trajectory modeling (GBMTM) method. In addition, the types of scarcity and the potential risks of managing water resources during the process of urban expansion are discussed. The results showed that: (1) Significant regional variability exists in the water resource deficit, as demonstrated by the fact that it worsens gradually from the southeast to the northwest and is constrained by resource endowment. There, most cities with water scarcity are distributed in Northern China. (2) Resource-engineering coupling-constrained water scarcity is prevalent in major cities of Northwest China, resource-constrained and management-constrained water scarcity is prevalent in most parts of North and Northeast China; engineering-constrained and water-quality-constrained water scarcity is prevalent in many cities of Southern China. (3) The complexity of the urban water scarcity problem increases with the severity of the water deficit. Also, the motivating factors change over time. For instance, the intertwined impact of urban growth and GDP growth frequently results in the conversion of urban water scarcity types or the dominant position and can even cause the risk of urban water scarcity to materialize. (4) The likelihood of management-constrained water scarcity increases with the increase of city size and GDP. Also, the pace at which management-constrained water scarcity contributes to urban development is proportionate. The study also discovered that the GBMTM model can accurately distinguish separate clusters from various development trajectories. It can be utilized as a crucial tool for tracking the evolution of dynamic data in hydrology and water resources fields.

The transmission of territorial spatial planning should cover all process of planning, implementation and supervision. Based on the three "needs" of modernization of territorial spatial governance, the paper analyzed the inadaptability of traditional spatial planning conduction. Starting from the whole chain governance logic of full-scale, whole-process and multiple dimensions, the paper constructed a transmission system of "three-chain coordination" and three paths of "spatial chain", "time chain" and "feedback chain" matching the territorial spatial planning needs and system in the new era, which include a closed-loop system for territorial spatial governance that covers the whole process of planning, implementation and supervision, a full-scale spatial transmission chain with clear authority from top to bottom, a full-process time transmission chain from core to edge oriented to implementation and a multi-dimensional feedback transmission chain with multiple co-governance and dynamic maintenance, in order to provide theoretical and practical reference for the transmission of territorial spatial planning.

In the New Era of 'Anthropocene', the conflict between the degradation of ecosystem and the increase of human needs has become increasingly intensified. To scientifically solve this issue, we need to realize the coordination between ecosystem services (ES) and human well-being (HWB) for modern sustainable development. Firstly, this article is well conducted on the premise of the 'from cascade to coupling' new turn of ES-HWB relationship research. Taking Guangzhou as a case study, it analyses the levels and spatial structures of ES and HWB in a micro-scale way through ES value (ESV) evaluation and HWB comprehensive assessment. Then, the coupling coordination degree model is used for clarifying the phases and spatial differentiation of ES-HWB coupling. With the construction of ES-HWB coupling theoretical framework on the paradigm of coupled human and natural systems, the driving factors and pathway differences of three typical ES-HWB coupling types are divergently explored, and the coupling problems are diagnosed. The results are as follows. (1) ESVs in Guangzhou are becoming severely weakened owing to the coercing effects from the assimilated promotion of HWB. The ES-HWB coupling performs poor coordination with notable spatial trade-offs. (2) Dominant by ES, the coupling is spatially diffuse with an uncoordinated state on account of the continuous spreading of low ESV areas. Significantly, the spatial imbalance between ES supply and HWB demand emerges. (3) By means of capital flows, land use changes, scale effect and benefit allocation, the ES-HWB coupling is divergent in different development phases and supply-demand matches. It mainly contains spatial scramble-oriented low uncoordinated, spatial weak correlated-oriented antagonistic and spatial synergies-oriented high coordinated coupling. Based on the coupling problems, it is a necessity to take both ecological civilization and high quality development as guidance for relieving human-nature conflict. In such regards, ecological spaces should get rigorously protected while the quality of urban spaces improved. Moreover, the integrated management of human and natural systems is also pivotal to weaken land trade-offs and spatial gambling. With the reinforcement of ES-HWB supply-demand coupling synergies, it is conducive for the emergence of coordination of the ES-HWB open complex giant system to achieve the harmony between human and nature.

Boosting the internal impetus for rural development is key to promoting high-quality rural development and constructing livable, workable, harmonious and beautiful villages. To this end, existing studies call for neo-endogenous rural development through the collaboration of actors within and outside villages. However, most of the studies discuss this issue at the conceptual level, which still needs a systematic framework to provide action guide. Addressing the gap, this study combines the symbiotic theory and neo-endogenous development pattern, and builds a research framework with three dimensions of the symbiotic unit, symbiotic pattern and symbiotic environment. Taking the "Rural Operation" practice in Lin'an district in Hangzhou as the case, this study identifies the path and mechanisms of the symbiosis of multiple actors within and outside villages to realize neo-endogenous rural development. This study finds that: (1) Local forces, social forces and government forces constitute the basic symbiotic units, respectively assuming the roles of endogenous power, localized intermediary and platform constructor. (2) Neo-endogenous rural development is embedded in a multi-scale symbiotic environment of state, market and local spaces. Multiple action logics, including the state administrative logic, market economic logic and local cultural logic, exist in the environment. (3) In terms of the symbiotic pattern, symbiotic units need to build deep and multiple linkages with each other, establish shared values, and construct a governance system with formal and informal institutions, to enable the stability and sustainability of the symbiotic relationship. This study also provides practical implications for boosting the internal impetus for rural development and promoting rural revitalization, from the perspective of symbiotic theory.

As a key carrier of social-ecological systems, the green space in the old urban communities is a critical issue for urban high-quality development and transformation governance demands. This study constructs the basic units of green space service in old urban areas of Guangzhou. We introduce the three-dimensional framework of potential-connectedness-resilience of adaptive cycle theory to construct a green space landscape index system representing ecological, social, and economic services. This index system evaluates the spatial resilience level and adaptability transformation characteristics of green space in old urban areas of Guangzhou from 2000 to 2018. Results show that the spatial resilience evolution of the old urban green space has apparent spatiotemporal differentiation in the core and peripheral areas. In demolition reconstruction phase we witness the fast development-quick release-restructuring; in micro renewal stage mainly emerges the development-protection, which consists of three types of improvement, stability, and alternation in social-ecological system services adaptability. The results indicate that urban renewal can regulate the governance of social-ecological services. Among them, green space shape index, green space rate within a 5-minute range, and land use mix degree have significantly promote the resilience of core green space, which provides successful examples for the governance in the peripheral areas. Meanwhile, this paper discusses the relationship between renewal policy and the spatial resilience evolution of green space, which provides a theoretical and empirical study of social-ecological system adaptability for promoting green space renewal governance in old urban areas.

Rural tourism plays an important role in the development of rural economy, the realization of rural transformation and the promotion of people's prosperity, and becomes an effective way to promote rural prosperity and common prosperity in an all-round way. Taking Yuanjia village in Shaanxi province as a case, based on symbiosis theory, single case study method is adopted to construct the mechanism and path of rural tourism development promoting common prosperity through structured data analysis. The results show that: (1) The symbiotic system of rural tourism includes symbiotic unit, symbiotic mode and symbiotic environment, and presents dynamic evolution characteristics in the process of promoting common prosperity through tourism development. (2) The operation mechanism and connotation of tourism development to promote common prosperity present stage characteristics. Symbiotic unit creates symbiotic energy with the help of symbiotic environment, resulting in symbiotic energy distribution, symbiotic energy infection, and ultimately promoting symbiotic effect. (3) The realization path of tourism development promoting common prosperity reflects the co-construction and co-sharing of tourism symbiosis system. Under the leadership of grass-roots Party organizations, Yuanjia village has always promoted common prosperity through extensive absorption of tourism management talents, promotion of tourism industry upgrading and transformation, and implementation of farmers' shareholding system. This paper has positive practical significance for the high-quality development of rural tourism and the realization of common prosperity.

Under the background of global food security issues, food waste has become the focus of all countries. Household is one of the significant sources of food waste. Along with the aims to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and promote the construction of ecological civilization, the reduction of household food waste is of substantially economic, social and ecological significance. Noted that domestic research on household food waste is still weak, systematic review of domestic and international research on household food waste can offer important theoretical and practical insights. A systematic literature review was conducted, following a thread of concept, theoretical framework, measurement methods, sub-themes. This review aims to summarize the shifts in connotation, advances in methods and theory concerning household food waste. This study argues that China's household food waste has its own characters owing to its historical and social factors, food culture and urban-rural divide. Academic research should be carried out in relation to the Chinese society, culture and institutions. The paper figures out the research prospects on food waste in Chinese families under the backgrounds of new environment and new technology. They include the difference between urban and rural household food waste, the influence of regional food cultures on China's household food waste, the relationship between Chinese family characteristics and food waste in the New Era, the influence of Chinese socio-cultural psychology on household food waste.

New quality productive forces are the core driver for building a modern tourism sector and also support the development of a strong tourism nation. In order to deeply understand the scientific connotation of new quality productive forces and clarify the theoretical logic and strategic path of new quality productive forces empowering the high-quality development of tourism industry, several experts on regional economic development, the digital economy, tourism management and geography were interviewed. The interviews were based on the logic of "problem orientation-innovative thinking-path mechanism", focusing on the background, opportunities and challenges, core meanings, drivers, and innovations empowering the high-quality development of tourism new quality productive forces. There were three main conclusions from this research. The first was the strategic opportunities and risks of promoting the high-quality development of tourism through new quality productive forces against a background of rapid and continuous technological change. New quality productive forces optimize resource allocation through scientific and technological innovation, and improve the production efficiency and growth quality of tourism. They also produce new tourism development models and forms of business, constantly generating momentum to drive high-quality economic and social improvements. Especially in rural tourism, the role of new quality productive forces is particularly significant. It promotes the gradual improvement of the rural tourism production network, enhances cooperation among rural tourism stakeholders, helps rural tourism participants evolve new production initiatives, and ultimately reinvigorates rural areas with increased prosperity. However, given globalization and rapid digitalization, innovation in tourism faces a series of challenges. In particular, the lack of systematic development of tourism software and hardware, risks of data security and privacy protection, resistance to change and innovation in traditional tourism, and the "growing pains" brought by the transformation to new technologies deserve attention. The development of new quality productive forces in future tourism must focus on technological innovation, find and prepare a quality tourism workforce, optimize and more closely integrate products and services with human talent, and significantly improve the total factor productivity of tourism. Second, the process of empowering the high-quality development of tourism must encompass technological innovation leading to industrial modernization. Innovation plays a leading role in new quality productive forces and is the core driver of the high-quality development of tourism. The new quality productive forces empowering this tourism development have several specific features. Technological innovation leads the modernization of the tourism sector and is a prerequisite for the high-quality development of tourism. Factor integration and supply-demand matching are the intrinsic requirements for the high-quality development of tourism. Other critical ingredients are digitization, greening and artificial intelligence. The significant improvement of total factor productivity must be the core goal for the high-quality development of tourism. Third, the guidance of national strategy is crucial to the progress and prospects for new quality productive forces empowering the high-quality development of tourism. New quality productive forces are receiving widespread emphasis since their inception and have become a core issue highly valued by the tourism sector in China. In the New Era, modern technology has become a key production factor in tourism. Additionally, the transformation and upgrading of tourism is dynamically advancing, growth is strengthening, and the ability of tourism to serve national economic and social-cultural strategies is becoming more noticeable. However, it should not be overlooked that high-quality tourism development is still faced with serious problems such as weak technological innovation capabilities, uneven regional development, inadequate circulation of factor resources, and insufficient human talent for tourism. To further enhance the beneficial impacts of new quality productive forces in stimulating the high-quality development of tourism, it is necessary to focus on deepening the reform of the system and operations in tourism, optimizing the creative allocation of tourism production factors, accelerating the development of a modern tourism sector, and improving the quality of professional tourism talent. These three recommendations will not only enhance the understanding and application of new quality productive forces to a certain extent, but also provide decision-making support for building China into a leading tourism nation in the world.

Identifying the spatial structure of the rural regional system scientifically and systematically is the premise of proposing differentiated rural revitalization strategies. This is of important practical significance for thoroughly implementing the rural revitalization strategy and accelerate the integrated development of urban-rural areas. This paper takes Changsha county, Hunan province as the research area, constructs a rural development evaluation index system based on the rural regional multi-body system and the multi-level goals of rural revitalization, and integrates research methods such as gravity model, K-Means clustering, geographic detectors and spatial autocorrelation. Quantifying and identifying the spatial structure, including poles of rural revitalization, fields of village-town space, zones of rural development and urban- rural infrastructure networks, is composed of 137 administrative villages in Changsha county. The results show that: (1) The spatial differentiation of rural development level in the study area is the result of a combination of factors, which presents a circle structure weakening from the center of the town core to the periphery, and the spatial agglomeration effect is significant. (2) The closeness of supply and demand between regions is an important factor affecting the strength of spatial linkage, and the intensity of spatial connection based on factors can better express the needs and complementary pattern of regional development. (3) The "Pole-Field-Zone-Network" multidimensional analysis framework has strong applicability for the identification and division of the spatial structure of the rural regional system in the suburbs of the urban area. Finally, 11 rural revitalization poles, 3 village space fields, and 7 rural development areas were specifically determined and divided, and an urban-rural infrastructure network based on the "pole-field-zone" network structure was constructed. According to the spatial structure, this paper puts forward differentiated suggestions for promoting rural revitalization and urban-rural integration development.

Commons often lead to a "tragedy of the commons" because they can be accessed freely, that is, overexploitation of commons usually leads to resource degradation. Since Garrett Hardin published an article "Tragedy of the Commons" in Science in 1968, there has been an increasing number of studies on commons governance to avert the tragedies. With the development of urbanization, industrialization and increase of population, the overexploitation of natural resources by human activities has become increasingly serious, such as air pollution, carbon emissions, marine pollution, and depletion of mineral resources In order to promote the sustainable use of commons, it is necessary to review the theoretical and practical progress of the "tragedy of the commons" theory and its related study of governance. Therefore, this paper first reviews the theory of "tragedy of the commons". Then, obtaining 43830 paper, documents, etc. from Google Scholar that have cited Harding's articles by the end of 2020, this paper analyzes the keyword time series of these citing literatures, and combines with the development context of the research to summarize the progress of theory. We found the theoretical progress includes five aspects: examination of "Tragedy of the Commons" theory, analyses of the property right system of public resources, multiple governance types of commons, sustainability analysis of Social-Ecological Systems (SES), and governance of global resources. Their inspirations for sustainable governance in China are: (1) There is no "panacea" for resource governance, and it is necessary to explore the "diversification" of the system; (2) Accelerate the improvement of the property rights system for natural resources, and build a property rights system for natural resources owned by all the people, based on China's national conditions; (3) Implement multiple governance types on natural resources and build a collaborative, co-governance and shared environment; (4) Implement systematic governance of natural resources to promote the harmonious coexistence between human and nature; (5) Govern global resources through institutional innovation, and build a community with a shared future for mankind. The review of the development of "the tragedy of the commons" and its governance can provide important theoretical and practical enlightenment for the sustainable development of China's resources and environment and the modernization of governance capabilities. This also indicates an interdisciplinary academic innovation path and proposes potential research directions.

The promulgation and implementation of the Anti-food Waste Law of the People's Republic of China (abbreviated as "Anti-food Waste Law" below) has made a historic shift from moral constraints to legal governance in China's long-standing anti-food waste. The law was promulgated under the background that food waste is common worldwide nowadays, it threatens global food security, and the solution to this problem has been attached great importance in China. The law provides a legal guarantee for the social practice of anti-food waste in China, and also sets a good example for the global anti-food waste career. The Anti-food Waste Law has the following six main characteristics: it focuses on top-level design and the legislative process is fast and concise; the legislative purpose is clear and the idea of resource conservation is consistent in the legislation; the legal measures are comprehensive and the regulatory responsibilities are extensive; the society is diversified and co-governed to highlight the efficiency of grain saving governance; the policy is implemented following the law and committed to serving the food security strategy; adhering to both morality and law to promote the transformation of food saving awareness into legal constraints. Judged from the practice of the past year, in the implementation of the Anti-food Waste Law, key issues such as further clarifying rights and responsibilities, refining the standard system and strengthening basic support still need to be resolved. Relevant departments should focus on taking the following measures to standardize and guide the implementation of the Anti-food Waste Law: establishing a long-term monitoring and assessment mechanism, building a scientific and effective monitoring and assessment method system; strengthening the linkage between relevant departments, etc. Giving full play to the role of the law in regulating various food waste behaviors in the whole society, thus effectively reducing food waste, ensuring national food security, and promoting the construction of ecological civilization and social civilization.

With the rapid advancement of urbanization and industrialization in China, the social structure and economic development model of rural areas and the development of spatial systems such as ecological system have changed significantly, followed by the change of land use form in different regions. Thus, revealing scientifically the coupling development relationship between rural spatial restructuring and land use transition, and discussing the coupling mechanism and optimal path are conducive to providing theoretical basis and practical basis for China's rural revitalization and urban-rural integrated development, which is meaningful both in theory and practice. This study used literature review theory to analyze and explain the coupling mechanism and driving factors of rural spatial restructuring and land use transition. The main conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) The reconstruction of rural space is a positive response to the new round of rural transformation and development requirements. As a key development element of rural region, land can adapt to different spatial reconstruction scenes through the multi-dimensional transformation of its utilization forms. (2) Rural spatial restructuring is an important driving force for land use transformation, and it also provides inexhaustible realistic demands for land use transformation. The successful land use transformation is a significant representation of the results of rural spatial restructuring, and there is a coupling interaction between the two. (3) This paper constructs a multi-wheel driving mechanism of their coupling development, the direction of the effect path is different under different action mechanisms. More specifically, spatial planning and policy system design are indispensable constraints and regulation mechanisms of coupled development; the transformation of industrial structure and the change of economic system have obvious driving and catalytic benefits in deepening the coupling relationship between the two. In addition, the coupling relationship between rural spatial restructuring and land use transformation is deeply constrained by the behavior of multiple stakeholders, so the protection and coordination of the ownership rights of relevant stakeholders should run through the coupling development from the end to the end. Finally, establishing the value order of ecological priority is of great significance to the coupling evolution process. (4) In the New Era, it is important to explore the multi-dimensional path of land use optimization to promote coupled development. On the whole, the core values of ecological civilization should be established, spatial planning should be taken as the constrained mechanism, industrial structure upgrading as the induced mechanism, multi-stakeholder coordination as the guaranteed mechanism. Meanwhile, the land policy system mechanism should be innovated. Only in this way can we improve the coupling level and facilitate the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.

In recent years, the exacerbation of climate change poses a significant threat to cultural heritage protection in China. It is of both theoretical and practical significance to study the influencing mechanism and response mechanism of climate change influence on cultural heritage protection. This study analyzes the mechanism and process of mutual interaction of climate factors on cultural heritage, evaluates the influence and trend of future climate change on Chinese cultural heritage, and finally explores the interactive relationship among different stakeholders of Chinese cultural heritage protection. The results show the mechanism and process that the changes of various climate factors acting on cultural heritage are complex and diverse. The change of individual climate factors, the chain reaction triggered by the change of climate factor, and the interaction of different climate factors generally have a direct or indirect impact on cultural heritage. Moreover, solar radiation, temperature, humidity, air pollutants, precipitation and other climatic factors have affected Chinese cultural heritage to a certain extent, admittedly, but it is necessary to dialectically explore the impact of future climate change on Chinese cultural heritage. With the intensification of global warming and the appearance of extreme weather, the destruction of cultural heritage caused by the difference in temperature and freezing will be reduced, but the cultural heritage represented by ancient wooden buildings and grottoes will still face severe threats. Finally, the establishment of a network of stakeholders is beneficial to administrative departments, local governments, local communities, enterprises, tourists, researchers, and external pressure groups to play respective roles to jointly protect cultural heritage. Under the dual backgrounds of the intensification of climate change and the strategy of "cultural power", this paper is helpful to deepen the understanding of all circles on cultural heritage protection, and enrich the theoretical discussion about protection and utilization of cultural heritage.

The research on the evaluation of territorial "production-living-ecological" spatial functions and the coordination relationship at the township-street scale is more oriented towards humanistic demand and grassroots refined governance support in the process of territorial spatial optimization. This study proposeed a whole set of thinking framework of "fractal dimension function evaluation-coordination level measure-action direction judgment". Among them, the dual attributes of space membership and space quality were considered to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for the "production-living-ecological" spatial functions. The study then used the coupling coordination model and the bivariate spatial autocorrelation model to explore the level of coordination between functions and their respective directions for overall coordination, by taking Suzhou as an example. The results showed that: (1) The constructed theoretical framework, index system and technical method path have good scientificity and universality, and can effectively identify the spatial function distribution pattern and spatial coordination relationship of the "production-living-ecological" spaces at the township-street level. (2) Under the constraints of the higher standards of township-street scale, the "production-living-ecological" spatial functions in Suzhou had significant urban-rural differences and regional differences, and the overall level of coordination of the "production-living-ecological" spatial functions was low, showing a distribution pattern of "large dispersion and small agglomeration". Besides, the overall coordination level was mainly affected by the co-direction effect of production and living space functions, and the lack of synergy of ecological space functions showed a reverse-direction effect. (3) Promoting the comprehensive function of "production-living-ecological" spaces from different spatial types such as urban areas, townships and ecological units, improving the refined governance of grassroots territorial spaces, and realizing the overall coordination of "production-living-ecological" spaces at a larger scale can build a territorial spatial pattern with multiple functions, appropriate landscapes and coordinated progress.

High-intensity social and economic activities have caused ecological problems such as shrinking rivers, lakes and wetlands, landscape fragmentation and biodiversity loss. Therefore, the implementation of territorial space ecological restoration has become an inevitable way to realizing eco-environmental governance. In this study, we have established grid-based "Vigor-Organization-Resilience-Service" (VORS) model to evaluate ecosystem health in the middle reaches along the Yangtze River in 2010 and 2020. Based on the natural breakpoint method and intelligent correction approach, the bottom-up territorial space ecological restoration zoning was carried out, and the corresponding ecological restoration measures were proposed. The results have shown that from 2010 to 2020, the cultivated land area in the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches along the Yangtze River decreased, whereas the built-up land expanded greatly. The ecosystem health status was relatively stable, but there was obvious spatial heterogeneity. The vigor and service values improved greatly, whereas the organization and resilience values showed a downward trend. Based on the assessment result, the study area was divided into "two areas and three circles", namely, the ecosystem conservation area, the ecosystem improvement area, the ecosystem buffer circle, the ecosystem improvement circle and ecosystem remolding circle. The ecological restoration countermeasures for each area and circle were proposed.

The construction of marine ranches is an effective way to increase the ocean carbon sink and achieve the strategic goal of carbon neutrality in China. Carbon sink has obvious externality, only to determine a reasonable compensation standard to mobilize the enthusiasm of marine ranch construction operators. This paper takes economic carbon sink resources such as algae, shellfish, fish, crustacean and other species in the marine ranch as the research object, and accounted for the compensation criteria for the ecological value of carbon sink resources using an optimization model. The results indicated that the ecological compensation standards of algae, shellfish, fish, crustacean and other species were 134.94 yuan/t, 820.05 yuan/t, 782.39 yuan/t, and 3764.16 yuan/t, respectively, and there was inter-species variability in compensation standards. The results can provide a theoretical reference for optimizing the current ecological compensation policy for the marine ranch.

Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has abundant wetlands, but it is facing environmental stress caused by human activities. Based on Human Pressure Index (HPI) and spatial autocorrelation method, this paper explores the spatial relationship between the distribution of wetlands and human pressure in the Greater Bay Area, so as to identify wetlands of great significance. The results are as follows: (1) Wetlands in the Greater Bay Area are mostly distributed on the west bank of the Pearl River, while wetlands within cities are scarce. Human pressure varies between cities and within cities. Human pressure on the east bank of the Pearl River is higher than that of the west bank. The distribution of wetlands and human pressure is spatially correlated. (2) After screening and comparison of different ways of using spatial autocorrelation method, the spatial cluster types correspond to three types of wetlands: important wetlands, potentially important wetlands, and non-important wetlands. (3) Important wetlands, with high human pressure, which are mostly ponds and mainly distributed in urban built-up areas and surrounding areas, need to act the function of water security and ecological economic benefit in cities in order to achieve relative balance between protection and utilization of wetlands. Potentially important wetlands, with low human pressure, are mostly distributed at the Pearl River Estuary and the west bank of the Pearl River. With the progress of urbanization and the increase of human pressure, potentially important wetlands may become important wetlands. Non-important wetlands, fragmented in various places, tend to disappear in the future. This study lays a foundation for exploring the evolution of wetlands under the influence of human pressure and provides application reference for the protection and utilization of wetlands.

Gully agriculture is a new type of agricultural region resulting from the coupling development of human-earth relationship in the loess hilly and gully region. Its sustainable development is of great practical significance for regional agricultural improving quality and efficiency, rural revitalization and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the principle of human-earth system science, this paper expounds the concept connotation, scientific cognition, optimization mode and security policy. The results show that: (1) The sustainability of gully agriculture should follow the principle of "element system" to "structure function", and the multi-objective organic combination of "gully slope soil and water conservation, ecological construction and rural revitalization", aiming to correctly handle the macro and micro benefits and the hierarchical system of gully water and soil configuration, farmland landscape and agricultural system at different scales, deepen the through research, and comprehensively reveal the evolution process and micro action mechanism. (2) This paper puts forward the optimization mode of gully agriculture, builds the framework of different modes, and improves the relevant technical and institutional guarantee system, so as to support the realization of rural revitalization and high-quality development. (3) The high-quality development of gully agriculture should be based on the scientific frontier of the human-earth system, comprehensively construct the theory and methods, and deeply explore new ways to optimize production methods and innovate management modes. (4) Based on the element flow, industrial chain and circulation network, the agricultural state assessment and scenario simulation of different scales for the SDGs target and rural revitalization, food and ecological security are going to support the decision-making of regional modernization construction. The research on gully agriculture characteristics and optimization mode is an important way to promote the innovation of agricultural geography research theories and methods and provide scientific basis for the high-quality development of agriculture in the Loess Plateau. Based on the factor flow, industrial chain, and circulation network, the agricultural state assessment and scenario simulation of different scales for the SDGs target and rural revitalization in 2035 will serve to support the decision-making of regional modernization construction.

The enforcement of the Anti-food Waste Law of the People's Republic of China indicates that the resolution to food waste has transformed from scientific study to application. In order to quantify the amount of food thrown away and to promote waste reduction, a comprehensive and systematic national food waste monitoring and evaluation system is therefore needed to be in position. Facing some major issues raised during the implementation of the Law, this paper reviewed previous studies and literatures, identified the major definitions and scopes, and reviewed current research progress about food waste quantification, monitoring and evaluation by the global community. Based on these, the current working progress toward food waste monitoring and evaluation in China was analyzed, the concept extension of traditional to general food waste was proposed, and potential indicators for monitoring were suggested for consideration. The study could offer scientific supports for government departments concerned, lay a foundation for food waste quantification studies in a new stage, as well as provide references for the global community to achieve the 12.3 target of the sustainable development goals.