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Pathways towards a cleaner energy system for Xinjiang under carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals DENG Ming-jiang, MING Bo, LI Yan, HUANG Qiang, LI Peng, WU Meng JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (5): 1107-1122.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220501 Abstract （1080）   HTML （19）    PDF （2023KB）（107）       Knowledge map    Xinjiang is one of the most important resource treasure houses and energy bases in China. How to construct a clean energy system under the guidance of carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals is related to national energy security. In this paper, we summarize reserves and distribution of main energy sources in Xinjiang, comb the current situation of energy production and consumption, analyze main problems faced by energy transition, and put forward pathways towards a cleaner energy system with relevant countermeasures and suggestions. It is shown that: (1) Fossil energy accounts for more than 85% in the existing energy system of Xinjiang, making the carbon emission reduction task arduous. (2) Wind and solar curtailments are an acute problem of Xinjiang at present, and the electricity curtailment rate is higher than the national average. (3) To promote the green transformation of Xinjiang's energy system, we must lower the growth rate of coal consumption, accelerate the construction of hydro-solar-wind-storage integrated power system, expand the channel of "Xinjiang's power transmission", advance the course of "electrified Xinjiang", and develop CCUS and new energy storage technologies. These findings can provide reference for Xinjiang to achieve the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of territorial space pattern under the goal of carbon neutrality: Theoretical framework and practical strategy DING Ming-lei, YANG Xiao-na, ZHAO Rong-qin, ZHANG Zhan-ping, XIAO Lian-gang, XIE Zhi-xiang JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (5): 1137-1147.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220503 Abstract （1016）   HTML （14）    PDF （1082KB）（210）       Knowledge map    Territorial space planning is a national basic and binding planning for guiding land use, ecological protection, industrial layout, urban and rural construction and regional development. In the context of the current strategy of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality, bringing the carbon neutrality goal into the territorial space planning and governance system is of great significance in promoting the comprehensive low-carbon transformation of the economic and social system. In this paper, we constructed a theoretical framework for the optimization of territorial space pattern, analyzed the internal relationship between territorial space pattern, human-land relationship and carbon revenue and expenditure, and further discussed the optimization and regulation mechanism of territorial space pattern under the goal of carbon neutrality from the perspective of economy-society-ecology complex system. This study put forward the optimization path of territorial space pattern for carbon neutrality including accounting system of carbon revenue and expenditure for territorial space, "double evaluation" method for carbon balance, carbon risk monitoring and evaluation for territorial space, three-line delimitation under space constraints of carbon emissions, carbon emission peak and industrial spatial structure regulation. Finally, the key areas of territorial space pattern optimization under the goal of carbon neutrality were identified from improvement scheme of differentiated ecological carbon sequestration, accounting system of carbon revenue and expenditure for territorial space in line with China's national conditions, territorial space planning and control scheme for carbon neutrality goal, carbon emission assessment of construction land based on life cycle, low-carbon and efficient territorial space governance system, and carbon compensation system of multi-level territorial space construction. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of carbon emission efficiency in low carbon city of China XU Ying-qi, CHENG Yu, WANG Jing-jing, LIU Na JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (5): 1261-1276.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220511 Abstract （1005）   HTML （16）    PDF （2209KB）（119）       Knowledge map    China puts forward the strategic goal of achieving carbon peaks by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Improving carbon emission efficiency and promoting green and low-carbon development are important ways to achieve the "dual carbon" goal. The study uses the Super-SBM model that includes undesired output to measure the carbon emission efficiency of 68 low carbon cities in China from 2003 to 2018 and analyzes their spatio-temporal evolution characteristics. The panel regression model is used to analyze the influencing factors of urban carbon emission efficiency. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The carbon emission efficiency of low carbon city has shown an overall upward trend over time, from 0.169 to 0.423, with an average annual growth rate of 6.31%, and there is still room for improvement. (2) Regional differences in the carbon emission efficiency of low carbon cities show a trend of shrinking first and then gradually expanding, and a declining distribution pattern of "from eastern to central and western region" in space; the carbon emission efficiency of pilot city at various levels is characterized as "megacity > supercity > large city > medium-sized city > small city". (3) Economic development level, industrial structure, urbanization level, green technology innovation and carbon emission efficiency of a pilot city are significantly positively correlated, and the intensity of foreign investment has restrictions on urban carbon emission efficiency. There are some differences in the degree of influence of each factor on the three regions and cities of different sizes. The paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of innovation input, industrial structure and regional differentiation, which has certain reference significance for promoting urban green and low-carbon development and the construction of ecological civilization. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Origin, realization path and key scientific issues of carbon neutrality: Climate change and sustainable urbanization CHEN Ming-xing, CHENG Jia-fan, ZHOU Yuan, DING Zi-jin, MA Hai-tao JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (5): 1233-1246.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220509 Abstract （749）   HTML （16）    PDF （1903KB）（197）       Knowledge map    China's announcement of its "carbon neutrality" target is an important commitment in tackling climate change, which has attracted extensive attention at home and abroad. How to realize the target is a complex systematic science question, which involves the multi-layer coupling process and action mechanism of atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and anthroposphere, requiring interdisciplinary, integrated and collaborative researches. This paper first briefly reviews the origins of carbon neutrality proposal including climate change and temperature control targets. Then it summarizes the multiple paths of carbon source and carbon sink to achieve carbon neutrality. It further emphasizes the importance of promoting sustainable urbanization from the demand side of carbon sources to the success of carbon neutrality, which is very likely to a direct and effective approach with low-cost and high potential. The core part of the target puts forward eight significant scientific topics: a nexus between climate change, carbon neutrality, and sustainable urbanization; the roadmaps and timetables for carbon neutrality of whole China and across regions; accurate accounting of carbon emissions at the urban regional scale; green lifestyles and low carbon society; green mode of production and low carbon economy; energy structural optimization; risk and uncertainty; and innovations of long-term governance mechanisms of carbon neutrality. Finally, the paper concludes opportunities and challenges of the field in the current situation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of China's trade in environmental goodson carbon emissions MAO Xi-yan, HE Can-fei, WANG Pei-yu, XU Rui, HU Xing-mu-zi, HE Shu-qi JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (5): 1321-1337.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220515 Abstract （720）   HTML （8）    PDF （1898KB）（93）       Knowledge map    Trade liberalization of environmental goods offers new insights into the global efforts in response to global environmental changes. China has comparative advantages in trading energy-related products such as renewable energy equipment. The emerging environmental goods trade in China may contribute to China's commitment to carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060. This study traces the trade development of environmental goods in China during 1996-2019, and depicts its structural changes in products and trading partners. Using the LMDI approach, this study decomposes carbon emissions into four components, namely, emission intensities, energy efficiencies, economic growth, and population growth. Then, the ARDL-ECM model is used to examine the co-integration of environmental goods trade and carbon emission reduction, and its long-and short-term effects. The results reveal that: (1) The development of environmental goods trade has a negative effect in terms of the short-term carbon emissions, but a positive one in the long run. (2) Environmental goods trade enlarges the carbon reduction effects of energy efficiencies, and ruduces the carbon emissions aroused by economic growth. (3) The concentration of specific products may promote carbon reduction in the short run. Nevertheless, carbon reduction, in the long run, requires a diversity of products. The improvement of the trade network benefits the carbon reduction in the short run. However, the increasing reliance on imports, in the long run, has adverse effects on carbon reduction. (4) Effects of environmental goods trade on carbon reduction origin from both energy-related products and the others. Non-energy-related products also exhibit their capacity in promoting energy efficiencies and economic restructuring, which contributes to carbon reduction. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Key issues in natural resource management under carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality targets ZHAO Rong-qin, HUANG Xian-jin, YUN Wen-ju, WU Ke-ning, CHEN Yin-rong, WANG Shao-jian, LU He-li, FANG Kai, LI Yu JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (5): 1123-1136.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220502 Abstract （683）   HTML （13）    PDF （1243KB）（140）       Knowledge map    The targets of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality will certainly promote the systematic revolution of China's economy and society. Natural resources are crucial materials and space carrier for human activities. Low-carbon-based innovation of natural resource management system and territorial space governance pattern is of great significance for enhancing ecosystem carbon sinks and resources supporting capacity, improving resource utilization efficiency, and promoting long-term low-carbon transition of the whole society. Focusing on natural resource management under the target of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality, nine scholars put forward key strategies for the innovation of natural resource management, which mainly include resource coupling management, territorial space optimization and land control, fine farmland management, land use carbon metabolism regulation, ecological carbon sink system and sustainable forests management. This provides a vital guidance for the establishment of low-carbon natural resource management system based on multi-level perspectives of "resource elements-territorial space-ecosystem", which helps to comprehensively improve carbon sink/emission reduction function within the field of natural resources. Generally, the researchers suggested that the systematic response framework of natural resource management under the targets of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality should be established. The future top-level design should be strengthened to establish a multi-level collaborative management system of natural resources based on element-space-system. Carbon cycle monitoring network and carbon accounting standards system related to natural resources and territorial space with Chinese characteristics should be regulated. Resources coupling management, elaborative spatial management and land structure optimization should be strengthened to explore different territorial space control schemes. The management of resource circulation within nature-economy-society system should be improved to establish a net-framework for carbon metabolism and its regional nexus and realize regional coordinated carbon emission reduction based on resource optimization management. The carbon sink function of natural resources and territorial space should be stressed, which should be incorporated into the carbon trading and ecological compensation system. The regional horizontal carbon compensation system should be established based on carbon neutrality evaluation of territorial space to promote the coordinated emission reduction and development among different regions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal distribution, competitive development and emission reduction of China's photovoltaic power generation HAN Meng-yao, XIONG Jiao, LIU Wei-dong JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (5): 1338-1351.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220516 Abstract （655）   HTML （13）    PDF （2277KB）（92）       Knowledge map    Since China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals were put forward, photovoltaic power generation has gradually become one of the important fields to accelerate low carbon transition. Through the analysis of spatio-temporal distribution, competitive development and emission reduction of China's photovoltaic power generation, the main conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) From 2012 to 2020, the total installed photovoltaic capacities increased from 6.25 million kW to 253.17 million kW, dominated by centralized power stations. (2) Regions including Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, and Shanxi showed a high-high autocorrelation, while regions such as Guizhou showed a high-low autocorrelation. (3) Electricity consumption, carbon emissions, and R&D investment were the positive driving factors for the growth of photovoltaic installed capacities, and R&D investment had a positive impact on the growth of photovoltaic installed capacities in neighboring provinces. (4) The potential emission reduction benefits per year of China's existing photovoltaic installations could almost reach 2.0E+08 tons and the accumulated emission reduction benefits could reach 19.2E+08 tons by 2030, revealing significant emission reduction potentials for promoting the achievement of carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on regional differentiation, distribution dynamics and influencing factors of marine economic development in three major marine economic circles of China LI Xu-hui, HE Jin-yu, YAN Han JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (4): 966-984.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220409 Abstract （642）   HTML （6）    PDF （2849KB）（72）       Knowledge map    This paper examines the spatial differentiation characteristics and distribution dynamics of marine economic development in China's three major marine economic circles and identifies the influencing factors of its spatial disequilibrium and spatial spillover, which can provide decision-making reference for optimizing the spatial layout of marine economic development and promoting the coordinated and balanced development of regional marine economy during the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025). We use Gagum Gini coefficient and its decomposition method to investigate the degree, source and evolution trend of regional relative differences in marine economic development in the three marine economic circles (hereafter three circles). The kernel density estimation method is further used to describe the distribution dynamic evolution process of absolute difference. And we apply spatial econometric analysis to identify the key factors of marine economic development and spatial spillover effects. The results show that: (1) The development level of marine economy in the three circles has shown a steady upward trend, however, there is a significant differentiation among the three. The overall development level of marine economy shows a spatial pattern of eastern circle > northern circle > southern circle. (2) There is a significant spatial disequilibrium degree of the three circles, with a rising fluctuation trend and a deeping regional imbalance. The degree of regional difference between the southern and northern circles is the largest, and the degree of regional difference in the southern circle is the first among the three circles. The overall difference is mainly due to the cross overlapping effect between groups, and the contribution of intra-group difference is higher than that of inter-group difference. (3) The "polarization effect" of the marine economic development level of the three circles is significant, which presents different types of polarization trends. The three major circles as a whole and the northern circle have gradually strengthened from polarization to multipolar differentiation. The spatial agglomeration effect of the eastern circle is enhanced. The southern circle has always shown a multi-level differentiation trend. (4) There is significant spatial dependence in the development of marine economy in the three circles, and the overall performance is characterized by positive spatial correlation. Capital, labor force, innovation driven, marketization and opening-up have positive regional spillover effect, while environmental regulation has negative regional spillover effect. Capital, labor force, innovation-driven force and marketization have significant positive interregional spillover effects, while environmental regulation and opening-up have no significant interregional spillover effects. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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High-quality integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta region: Problems and solutions CAO Wei-dong, ZENG Gang, ZHU Sheng-jun, CAO You-hui, SUN Bin-dong, CAO Bing-ru, CUI Can, DUAN Xue-jun, ZHANG Jing-xiang, SUN Wei, YANG Shan, CHEN Ming-xing JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (6): 1385-1402.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220601 Abstract （605）   HTML （9）    PDF （1084KB）（129）       Knowledge map    The integrated high-quality development of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is of great importance for the long-term development and stability of China's economy. In order to scientifically and comprehensively understand the problems existing in the development of the YRD in the New Era and clarify the future development path, experts from different fields are invited to discuss the regional coordination, industrial coordination, and transportation organization. Interviews were conducted on research frontiers such as urban system evolution, cross-regional cooperation, factor allocation, river basin planning, integration paths, and green and low-carbon development. The interview results show that the YRD is the region with the most active economic development, the highest degree of openness and the strongest innovation ability in China. But it is still characterized by prominent problems, such as unbalanced internal development, fragmented inter-regional traffic, remaining administrative barriers, unsound river basin ecological cooperation, insufficient coordinated industrial development and weak green economic system. The strategic position of the study area in the development of China and the world requires the integration of theoretical knowledge of various disciplines and subjects, and continuous attention to the major scientific proposition of the integrated high-quality development of the delta region from different perspectives. Closely related to "integration" and "high quality", the integration of the YRD should first innovate the mechanism to narrow the development differences within the region, strengthen the basic support for comprehensive transportation integration, and break through the constraints of administrative boundaries. Secondly, to innovate the mechanism and system to ensure the effective flow and allocation of production factors, through the integration and development of the value chain, industrial chain, and innovation chain to consolidate the integration; again, to promote the centralized use of land elements in the YRD, improve the land carrying capacity of the YRD, and integrate the whole delta region. High-quality development provides sufficient land element guarantee. Thus, it is necessary to optimize the spatial structure of population and employment, strengthen inter-city environmental pollution prevention and control, advance inter-provincial coordination and cooperation in major river basins, improve the ecosystem services function and promote green integrated development in the YRD. Finally, we should develop new concepts, achieve low-carbon development through scientific research breakthroughs and market mechanisms, and build a world-class hub of flow space under the guidance of the national innovation-driven strategy, so as to create a new situation in the high-quality integration of the YRD region. The above viewpoints provide scientific and feasible theoretical and decision support for the integrated high-quality development of the YRD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of carbon emission peak by province of China JIANG Yun-chen, ZHONG Su-juan, WANG Yi, HUANG Xian-jin JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (5): 1289-1302.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220513 Abstract （604）   HTML （9）    PDF （1794KB）（101）       Knowledge map    China's carbon emission peak is an important agenda for global climate governance. The research on carbon emission peak in China by province has important influence and practical support for the national carbon mission peak and path arrangement. Based on the Hybrid-units Energy Input-Output model, this paper built a carbon emissions peak prediction model. Under 9 combined scenarios of economic development and carbon emission intensity improvement, the total carbon emissions of 30 provincial-level regions from 2020 to 2040 were predicted (except Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan). Then, this paper compared the peak values of different periods to estimate the carbon emission peak time. On this basis, the Probit model was used to analyze the influencing factors of whether regions can reach carbon emission peak before 2030. The results show that: (1) The carbon peak time varies significantly among provincial regions of China with a north-south strip aggregation in the spatial pattern. (2) The improvement of carbon emission intensity has a greater impact on the emission peak time, and the improvement rate of 4% per year is most favorable for reaching the peak by 2030. (3) Industrial structure, the degree of government intervention, and the degree of openness have a significant impact on whether the carbon peak target can be achieved by 2030. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Gully agriculture system and optimization mode in the Loess Plateau QU Lu-lu, LI Yu-rui JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (12): 3252-3266.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20221215 Abstract （603）   HTML （18）    PDF （2971KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Gully agriculture is a new type of agricultural region resulting from the coupling development of human-earth relationship in the loess hilly and gully region. Its sustainable development is of great practical significance for regional agricultural improving quality and efficiency, rural revitalization and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the principle of human-earth system science, this paper expounds the concept connotation, scientific cognition, optimization mode and security policy. The results show that: (1) The sustainability of gully agriculture should follow the principle of "element system" to "structure function", and the multi-objective organic combination of "gully slope soil and water conservation, ecological construction and rural revitalization", aiming to correctly handle the macro and micro benefits and the hierarchical system of gully water and soil configuration, farmland landscape and agricultural system at different scales, deepen the through research, and comprehensively reveal the evolution process and micro action mechanism. (2) This paper puts forward the optimization mode of gully agriculture, builds the framework of different modes, and improves the relevant technical and institutional guarantee system, so as to support the realization of rural revitalization and high-quality development. (3) The high-quality development of gully agriculture should be based on the scientific frontier of the human-earth system, comprehensively construct the theory and methods, and deeply explore new ways to optimize production methods and innovate management modes. (4) Based on the element flow, industrial chain and circulation network, the agricultural state assessment and scenario simulation of different scales for the SDGs target and rural revitalization, food and ecological security are going to support the decision-making of regional modernization construction. The research on gully agriculture characteristics and optimization mode is an important way to promote the innovation of agricultural geography research theories and methods and provide scientific basis for the high-quality development of agriculture in the Loess Plateau. Based on the factor flow, industrial chain, and circulation network, the agricultural state assessment and scenario simulation of different scales for the SDGs target and rural revitalization in 2035 will serve to support the decision-making of regional modernization construction. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on transmission system and path of territorial spatial planning based on full chain governance ZHOU Min, LIN Kai-xuan, WANG Yong JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (8): 1975-1987.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220804 Abstract （580）   HTML （1）    PDF （2159KB）（75）       Knowledge map    The transmission of territorial spatial planning should cover all process of planning, implementation and supervision. Based on the three "needs" of modernization of territorial spatial governance, the paper analyzed the inadaptability of traditional spatial planning conduction. Starting from the whole chain governance logic of full-scale, whole-process and multiple dimensions, the paper constructed a transmission system of "three-chain coordination" and three paths of "spatial chain", "time chain" and "feedback chain" matching the territorial spatial planning needs and system in the new era, which include a closed-loop system for territorial spatial governance that covers the whole process of planning, implementation and supervision, a full-scale spatial transmission chain with clear authority from top to bottom, a full-process time transmission chain from core to edge oriented to implementation and a multi-dimensional feedback transmission chain with multiple co-governance and dynamic maintenance, in order to provide theoretical and practical reference for the transmission of territorial spatial planning. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal pattern and mechanism analysis of coupling between ecological protection and economic development of urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin SUN Jiu-wen, CUI Ya-qi, ZHANG Hao JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (7): 1673-1690.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220702 Abstract （551）   HTML （20）    PDF （9340KB）（96）       Knowledge map    By studying the strategic background of the Yellow River Basin and the development plan of urban agglomerations in the basin, this paper constructs an index system for evaluating ecological protection and economic development that can be applied to a comparative study of urban agglomerations. Based on the index system, this paper analyzes the spatio-temporal characteristics and driving mechanism of the coupling coordination between ecological protection and economic development of seven major urban agglomerations in the basin from 2007 to 2019 by using the coupling coordination degree model, spatial autocorrelation and geographic detectors. The results show that: (1) During the study period, the economic development level of the seven major urban agglomerations has been greatly improved, the progress of ecological protection construction is relatively slow, and the coupling degree between them rises in a fluctuating manner. (2) The eco-economic coordination degree of the urban agglomerations in the upper reaches is lower than that of the middle and lower reaches, and the overall coordination degree is improved to a higher level compared with that of the development mode which was significantly unbalanced in the past. (3) Urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin have experienced a transformation from economic development lag to ecological protection lag. (4) The coordination degree between ecological protection and economic development of each urban agglomeration has correlation effect. (5) The coupling mechanism is closely related to people's livelihood development and opening-up, technological innovation and industrial expansion, green development and agricultural construction, basic public service system and so on. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Integrated high-quality development of the Yangtze River Delta: Connotation, current situation and countermeasures CHEN Wen, LAN Ming-hao, SUN Wei, LIU Wei, LIU Chong-gang JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (6): 1403-1412.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220602 Abstract （536）   HTML （11）    PDF （829KB）（108）       Knowledge map    Promoting the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is a major national strategy with an aim to achieve the "Two Centenary Goals". This paper firstly analyzed the new connotation of the integrated development of the YRD after China's entering a new development stage, and proposed the "four more" connotations of integrated high-quality development of the YRD, namely, integration with higher strategic positioning, integration with higher efficiency and level, integration with more coordination, and integration with better spatial form. Then the main actions and achievements of the integrated development of the YRD since it was elevated to a national strategy were reviewed and summarized. To study the new concept of high-quality development, an evaluation index system reflecting the five new development concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing was constructed, and the state of integrated high-quality development of the YRD from 2018 to 2020 was assessed. Finally, against the new requirements of integrated high-quality development, relevant countermeasures and paths for specific areas were proposed in response to the current issues, which provides a reference for decision making to promote integrated higher-quality development of the YRD. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation, spatial analysis and prediction of ecological environment vulnerability of Yellow River Basin RU Shao-feng, MA Ru-hui JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (7): 1722-1734.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220705 Abstract （511）   HTML （12）    PDF （7357KB）（92）       Knowledge map    The vulnerability of ecological environment is an important factor restricting the sustainable and high-quality development of economy. Taking 73 cities in the Yellow River Basin as the research objects, we constructed an evaluation index system of the ecological environment vulnerability of the basin from 2005 to 2018. Principal component analysis was used to calculate the ecological environment vulnerability index. According to the natural break point method, the cities were divided into five categories: extreme vulnerability, severe vulnerability, moderate vulnerability, light vulnerability and slight vulnerability. In addition, through spatial correlation analysis, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the ecological environment vulnerability of the study area are revealed. The ecological environmental vulnerability in 2025 is predicted by CA-Markov model. The results showed that: (1) The vulnerability of ecological environment in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River shows the distribution characteristics of "low, medium and high", respectively. And there are differences in the variation trend of the ecological environment vulnerability: although there are large differences in the upper reaches, the fluctuations are similar, the fluctuation direction is opposite in the middle reaches, and a downward trend occurred after 2016 in the lower reaches. (2) The vulnerability of ecological environment is spatially correlated. The upper reaches show low-low aggregation, the lower reaches show high-high aggregation, and the spatial correlation in the middle reaches is not significant. (3) It is predicted that the severe vulnerability in the middle reaches will expand in 2025, while the extreme vulnerability in the lower reaches will contract to the central region. The management and protection of the ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin is not a matter of one day, nor can it be completed by one basin alone. The upper, middle and lower reaches should formulate appropriate management and protection measures according to different natural conditions to meet the needs of the overall development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The impact of poverty alleviation resettlement on the sustainable development of typical immigrated village in Tibet ZHAO Zhong-xu, PAN Ying, ZHANG Yan-jie, LI Zhen-nan, WU Jun-xi JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (7): 1815-1828.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220711 Abstract （504）   HTML （5）    PDF （2859KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Based on the UN 2030 sustainable development goals (UN SDGs) and integrated with ecosystem services, this study established an evaluation index system of sustainable development of villages, farmers and herdsmen for poverty alleviation resettlement, and quantitatively analyzed the changes of Bailang village and farmers and herdsmen before and after the resettlement in the realization of sustainable development goals. The results show that: at the village scale, after the implementation of the resettlement, the sustainable development index values of the immigrated villages under the three goals of poverty eradication (SDG 1), energy sustainability (SDG 7) and sustainable settlements (SDG 11) increased significantly, but the total score of the sustainable development index decreased by 2.91%. The contribution rate of sustainable development index of income, water use and transportation of farmers and herdsmen directly affected by the relocation policy increased from 49.40% to 54.23%, while that of ecosystem related index indirectly affected by the Poverty Alleviation Resettlement decreased from 50.60% to 45.77%. At the scale of farmers and herdsmen, the poverty alleviation resettlement significantly promoted the realization of poverty eradication (SDG 1) and decent work (SDG 8) for relocated farmers and herdsmen, and the sustainable development indicators of indigenous farmers and herdsmen still increased steadily with limited village resources and large population migration. The study provides the guidance for the management and input work after the resettlement of Bailang village, and ideas for the formulation of land use planning and the determination of the number of immigrants in other areas in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial reconstruction of farmland rotation and fallow in the typical black soil region of Northeast China SONG Ge, ZHANG Hong-mei JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (9): 2231-2246.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220903 Abstract （497）   HTML （0）    PDF （3587KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Rotation and fallow are important means to ensure the sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources in black soil regions. Determining the scale and spatial distribution of cultivated land for crop rotation and fallow scientifically is of great significance for undertaking land reclamation, improving soil fertility, and balancing the structure of food supply and demand in the black soil regions. Taking the typical black soil regions in Northeast China: Keshan county, Baiquan county, and Yi'an county as the research area, this paper reconstructs the farmland rotation and fallow layout at the plot scale by using the crop planting suitability evaluation model, multi-objective optimization (MOP) model, and agent-based land layout optimization allocation (AgentLA) model. Findings show that: (1) There are obvious spatial differences between high-value and low-value areas of the planting suitability of main crops. The high-value areas of corn and soybean planting suitability intersect in the north of Yi'an and the west of Keshan, which are the dominant areas of corn-soybean rotation. And the low-value areas converge in the south of Yi'an and the southwest of Baiquan, which are the key areas for fallow farming. (2) The crop rotation scale based on the optimization of the planting structure has achieved an increase in the proportion of soybean planting and a decrease in corn planting, alleviating the contradiction between the current phased oversupply of corn and insufficient supply of soybeans. Determining the scale of fallow by setting a variety of food supply and demand scenarios is conducive to flexibly responding to changes in the food market. (3) A rotation and fallow layout that takes into account the planting suitability and agglomeration of cultivated land is conducive to making full use of the comparative advantages of cultivated land resource endowments, developing large-scale operations, and playing an important role in improving the efficiency of cultivated land use. This research has helped to realize the simultaneous improvement of the spatial suitability, spatial agglomeration, rationality of planting structure, and the stability of food supply and demand of cultivated land, by rationally reconstructing the farmland rotation and fallow space in the black soil region, which provides policy reference for realizing sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources and food security in black soil regions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on changes in grain production pressure and protection strategies in the black soil region of Northeast China under the influence of international grain trade DENG Xiang-zheng, LIANG Li, LIAO Xiao-yong, LIU Yu-jie, LI Zhi-hui, YUE Tian-xiang, DONG Jin-wei, SUN Zhi-gang, CHEN Ming-xing JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (9): 2209-2217.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220901 Abstract （484）   HTML （1）    PDF （1229KB）（40）       Knowledge map    As an important agricultural production area, black soil region bears the important responsibility of ensuring national food security and maintaining agricultural ecological security. Protecting black soil is crucial to promoting sustainable agricultural development. This paper analyzes the changes of cultivated black soil pressure of grain production in Northeast China from 2000 to 2020, studies the impact of international trade on cultivated land pressure for grain production in the study area, and analyzes the competitive advantage of the agricultural products of the black soil region of Northeast China in domestic and international markets by using international market share index and trade competitive advantage index. Results show that in the past 20 years, the cultivated land pressure of grain production in the black soil region of Northeast China is basically at the safety level and presents a gradual downward trend. The cultivated land pressure of corn, soybean and rice decreased from 1.94, 1.09 and 0.63 in 2000 to 0.69, 0.26 and 0.54 in 2020, respectively. International grain trade plays a significant role in alleviating the pressure on cultivated soil for grain production and shows an increasing trend year by year. In 2020, the contribution rate to the mitigation of cultivated land pressure for grain production is 26.22%, of which the contribution rate to the mitigation of cultivated land pressure for soybean production is up to 511.48%. The results of the analysis of the agricultural product trade advantage degree show that agricultural products have obvious trade competitive advantages in the domestic market, but the competitive advantage in international trade is not obvious. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the protection of black soil under the background of changes in international grain trade, which provides a reference for the decision-making of black soil protection in Northeast China and the guarantee of grain production capacity. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Marine resource economy and strategy under the background of marine ecological civilization construction LI Jia-lin, SHEN Man-hong, MA Ren-feng, YANG Hong-sheng, CHEN Yi-ning, SUN Cai-zhi, LIU Ming, HAN Xi-qiu, HU Zhi-ding, MA Xue-guang JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (4): 829-849.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220401 Abstract （481）   HTML （7）    PDF （1204KB）（103）       Knowledge map    To develop the marine economy and build a strong marine country, we need to care about, understand and manage the ocean from the perspective of national strategy. In order to systematically understand China's marine resource economy and strategy under the background of marine ecological civilization construction, nine well-known experts from marine-related fields were invited to discuss marine ecological civilization construction, marine land space planning, marine ecological pasture construction, and coastal ecological restoration. They conducted exchanges and interviews in frontier research fields such as marine strategic emerging industries, marine science and technology development, deep-sea mineral resources development, marine geopolitics, and China's participation in global ocean governance. According to their interviews: (1) The construction of marine ecological civilization is an important part of the construction of a powerful marine country. In the construction of marine ecological civilization, we should clarify the goal of building a beautiful ocean, master the methods of marine ecosystems, adhere to the major strategy of coordinating land and sea, and build an institutional system for marine ecological civilization. (2) National marine space planning should integrate existing sea-related plans, rationally develop, utilize and protect marine resources, innovate planning technologies and planning governance concepts, and strengthen marine space control indicators, marine space development capabilities, and local characteristic mechanisms for marine space governance, etc. (3) The construction of marine ranches should focus on the industrial chain and promote the construction of "all-for-one" marine ranches; strengthen the original drive, build an "all-for-all" marine ranch technology system; advocate integrated development and cultivate new "all-for-one" marine ranches. (4) Coastal ecological restoration based on "natural restoration" emphasizes the use of technologies to optimize the spatial layout and resource management of land-ocean staggered areas, fully consider the process and mechanism of natural restoration of coastal ecosystems, and improve the efficiency of ecological restoration. (5) The development of marine strategic emerging industries should grasp the general trend of the digital economy, focus on the development of intelligent manufacturing, accelerate the upgrading of the industrial structure, adhere to green and low-carbon development, and actively connect with regional strategies. (6) The key tasks for the future development of marine science and technology are to focus on the new strategic fields of deep sea and polar regions, improve the real-time fine observation and forecasting capabilities of key sea areas, focus on the intensive use of marine resources and energy, and strengthen the research and development of key core technologies of marine engineering equipment. (7) In the development of deep-sea mineral resources, it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation, carry out multidisciplinary investigation, long-term monitoring, enhance the research and development level of deep-sea development technology, evaluate the environmental impact of deep-sea mining, reduce the disturbance of the deep-sea development process to the marine environment, and realize deep-sea mining and deep-sea environmental protection coordinated development. (8) China should implement a spatially differentiated and targeted marine geostrategy to serve the unification of the motherland, the maintenance of marine rights and interests and the utilization of marine resources, and the safety of marine transportation and ecological environment, so as to ultimately serve the construction of a community with a shared future for the ocean. (9) We should implement the "going out" strategy of China's marine spatial planning technology, actively promote the strategy of building a "node network system" in China's overseas parks, and implement the talent training and training strategy for the needs of the Belt and Road Initiative, in order to provide necessary space fulcrum and technical support for global marine governance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive assessment of prefecture-level cities and future allocation of national new areas of Western China DONG Suo-cheng, LI Ze-hong, SHI Guang-yi, ZHENG Ji, XIA Bing, GUO Xiao-jia, YANG Yang, LI Yu, LI Fu-jia, CHENG Hao, HU Yi, WU Yong-jiao, ZHANG Rong-xia, JIN Liang JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (7): 1657-1672.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220701 Abstract （474）   HTML （15）    PDF （5619KB）（71）       Knowledge map    China has entered a critical period of building a modern and powerful socialist country. Meanwhile, the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, which poses severe challenges to Western China's modernization. Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Vision 2035, and decision-making of speeding up the formation of a new pattern of green and low-carbon economic development, and the Belt and Road Initiative have brought new opportunities for the national new areas in Western China. This paper makes a comprehensive assessment of the urban competitiveness of 88 prefecture-level cities in the western region from seven aspects, including national development strategy, economic level, social development, location conditions, natural resources and environment, scientific and technological innovation and reform and opening up. Besides, according to the national ecological functional zoning, six potential areas are selected, namely, Wuchangshi New Area, Hohhot New Area, Beibu Gulf New Area, Lhasa New Area, Xining New Area, and Yinshi New Area. This research put forward countermeasures and suggestions, including formulating preferential policies for the construction of national new districts in Western China, integrating superior strategic resources, and speeding up the formation of a new pattern of green and low-carbon economic system, so as to create a growth pole for regional development and to achieve the goal of modernization. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial optimization based on ecosystem services and the participatory mapping: A case study in Baiyangdian watershed ZHOU Yu-chen, YIN Dan, HUANG Qing-xu, ZHANG Ling, BAI Yan-song JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (8): 1988-2003.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220805 Abstract （471）   HTML （10）    PDF （5084KB）（57）       Knowledge map    The spatial pattern of living, producing and ecological spaces has a profound impact on regional ecosystem services and the well-being of the residents in rapidly urbanizing watersheds. However, few studies considered the relationship between ecosystem services and multiple stakeholders' well-beings. In this study, we selected seven ecosystem service indicators to identify living, producing and ecological hotspots in a typical urbanizing area, Baiyangdian watershed. Then we conducted a participatory mapping to integrate multiple stakeholders' needs into the identification of their major functions. The results show that overlapped hotspots occupy 14.5% of the total area of the watershed, which is dominated by overlapped producing and ecological functions. Furthermore, the identification of the major functions varies among different stakeholders. On the one hand, urban residents are more likely to identify the overlapped areas to living space because they prefer cultural services than rural residents. They mention cultural services twice of that by rural residents in the survey. On the other hand, policy makers pay more attention to the ecological function of the upper streams, while poverty alleviation workers focus on the producing function of the forests in this area. This study illustrates a method to integrate multi-stakeholders' preferences in spatial optimization, which can be used in the planning of the living-producing-ecological spaces and the territorial space planning. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Territory spatial security and planning strategies from the perspective of mobility XI Guang-liang, ZHEN Feng, QIAN Xin-tong JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (8): 1935-1945.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220801 Abstract （456）   HTML （7）    PDF （1995KB）（68）       Knowledge map    Security is an important aspect for sustainable development of territorial space. It is also a crucial issue in planning, implementing, and supervision of territorial space. With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, people, goods, energy, resources and other factors flow more frequently in different regions, between urban and rural areas, and within urban spaces. The coupling relationships between human activities and natural resources have become more and more unstable, which exacerbates the risk of human survival. It is urgent to establish the territory spatial security framework faced with the uncertainty of human activity and elemental flows. This paper explores the security of territorial space from the perspective of mobility. On the basis of the safety of activities in different spaces and the safety of resources and ecology, we should consider the coupling of elemental flows, human activities, and resources and environment, as well as potential risks. The relationships between mobility and territory spatial security can be characterized from three aspects: the coupling of space of flows and space of places, the coordination among resource supply-flow-demand and the reconfiguration of resource, and elemental flows and the resilience of the territory spatial system. Towards safety goals of ecology, water, food, economy, society, and other elements, it is crucial to explore the uncertain impacts of various elemental flows on the man-land system and the mobility risks under extreme conditions such as natural disasters and sudden public safety incidents. It is also important to lead the self-adaptation and benign feedback adjustment between human activities and natural environmental systems through optimizing resource allocation and territory spatial layout. Thus, we proposed a framework of territory spatial security. In territory spatial planning, it is necessary to carry out the coupling coordination analysis with elemental flows and territorial spatial development and protection, to establish new analysis methods of territory spatial structure combining spatial forms and flows, and to enhance the functional flexibility of different spaces to adapt to the uncertainty of elemental flows and activity agglomeration, as well as to construct territory spatial supporting systems that synergize supply and demand. This study is of great significance for improving the sustainable development of territorial space and ensuring the safety of human survival. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research hotspots and trends of carbon neutrality in international trade YU Jian-hui, XIAO Ruo-lan, MA Ren-feng, ZHANG Wen-zhong JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (5): 1303-1320.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220514 Abstract （452）   HTML （6）    PDF （1585KB）（93）       Knowledge map    Carbon neutrality is a common problem faced by all countries in the world. Against the background of economic globalization and trade liberalization, the total volume of international trade grows rapidly. With the deep international division of labor and industrial transfer, producers and consumers of trade objects have caused serious spatial displacement on the land surface. The bibliometric software CiteSpace is applied to analyze relevant literature on carbon neutrality under the theme of international trade and reveal the trend of "carbon neutrality" in international trade. The results show that: (1) The spatiotemporal evolution of greenhouse gases on a global scale has made trans-regional and multi-scale global carbon governance more complex. The developed countries have transferred high-pollution and low-value chain industries to the developing countries, and the principle of carbon accounting based on producer responsibility is no longer applicable to international trade cooperation. (2) Import and export trade is gradually becoming the driving force for the economic development of emerging economies. Global carbon governance should gradually move closer to the globalization of economic cooperation and regional integration. The global climate policy design should start from the fairness of the international carbon market, continuously optimize the carbon emission accounting system, improve the carbon accounting method, and analyze the expected effect of global carbon emission reduction through modeling. It is necessary to improve the awareness of the carbon emission reduction responsibility of industrial sectors, improve the utilization efficiency of industrial clean technology and energy, and to change the capacity of an ecological system to increase carbon sink and reduce emissions. While receiving technical assistance from the developed countries, emerging economies should focus on their energy industries, develop renewable energy industries, improve energy efficiency, and use economic policies and financial instruments to promote the development of their climate change investment and financing industries. Global carbon governance should pay more attention to equity, economic development, and environmental and resource differences among countries, and encourage more countries to participate in global or regional integration of carbon governance by using various carbon governance tools and ways of consultation and cooperation. The Chinese goverment must improve the carbon market mechanism, raise the level of carbon governance, and provide the "greatest common divisor" for international cooperation on carbon governance through domestic multi-industry and multi-sector emission reduction and international carbon emission reduction and carbon neutrality practices. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on spatio-temporal pattern of conservation tillage on net carbon sink in China XUE Cai-xia, LI Yuan-yuan, HU Chao, YAO Shun-bo JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (5): 1164-1182.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220505 Abstract （451）   HTML （14）    PDF （2243KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Studying the spatio-temporal patterns of net carbon sinks under conservation tillage is of great significance to the formulation of policies. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of carbon sink and emissions and the construction of its measurement method under conservation tillage, this paper analyzed the spatio-temporal pattern of net carbon sink and predicted its potential under conservation tillage from 2000 to 2019 in the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities, hereafter provinces) of China. The results showed that: first, the carbon sink under conservation tillage is about twice the carbon emissions, soil carbon sequestration accounts for more than 2/3 of carbon sink, and biological carbon sink accounts for less than 1/3. Second, from 2000 to 2019, the net carbon sink under conservation tillage in China showed an increasing trend year by year, and the net carbon sink in North, Northwest and Southeast China increased significantly. The net carbon sink showed a trend of expansion-agglomeration-expansion in space, with the center of gravity shifting from north to south. Third, the net carbon sink under conservation tillage in the whole country had the characteristics of obvious spatial imbalance. In 2019, there was a "three-legged" pattern in North, Northwest and Southeast China. The seven provinces of Henan, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi belong to high-carbon sink areas, Hebei, Jilin, Shaanxi, and Shanxi belong to low-carbon sink areas, and other provinces belong to carbon-neutrality areas. Fourth, the net carbon sink potential under conservation tillage from 2020 to 2030 will continue to increase, and the peak value will be between 57943800 t C and 79629300 t C in 2030. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation of China's carbon emission reduction path based on system dynamics WANG Huo-gen, XIAO Li-xiang, LIAO Bing JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (5): 1352-1369.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220517 Abstract （442）   HTML （20）    PDF （1766KB）（91）       Knowledge map    A system dynamics model of carbon dioxide emissions was constructed by analyzing the relationship among the influencing factors of carbon dioxide emissions and the main paths of carbon emission reduction. On this basis, the impact of four scenarios on carbon dioxide emissions were forecasted by regulating the economic growth rate of the supply side, energy structure and industrial structure so as to further discuss the contribution of major departments of carbon dioxide emission reduction. Results show that the trend of the net growth of carbon dioxide emissions slows down year by year among the four schemes. This trend plays a positive role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions through adjusting the speed of economic growth, improving energy structure and optimizing industry structure after that the net carbon emission achieves the peak. Compared with the speed of economic growth and the optimization of industry structure, the improvement of energy structure makes a greater contribution to reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Under the scheme of comprehensive regulation of the speed of economic growth, improvement of energy structure and optimization of industrial structure, net emissions of carbon dioxide will reach the peak (10.445 billion tons) in 2024 and achieve the carbon neutrality in 2058 in China, which matches with the current situation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Carbon emission peak prediction and reduction potential in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from the perspective of multiple scenarios HAN Nan, LUO Xin-yu JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (5): 1277-1288.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220512 Abstract （441）   HTML （15）    PDF （1384KB）（78）       Knowledge map    Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) is not only one of core economic regions of China, but also the key area of energy consumption and air pollution of the country. The carbon emissions of this region account for about 1/5 of the country's total. The proposal of China's "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" target has aroused widespread concern from the domestic and international community. Therefore, exploring the carbon emission trend and reduction potential of the BTH region under different scenarios is of great significance for China to achieve the carbon peak goal by 2030 on schedule. By analyzing the relationship between carbon emission and its influencing factors, this paper constructs a dynamic model of carbon emission system in the study region. On this basis, six scenarios are set up from the perspective of industrial structure, energy intensity, energy structure, environmental regulation, science and technology investment, and comprehensive regulation to predict the impact of different schemes on the peak time and peak value and reduction potential of carbon emissions in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei respectively. The results show that under the baseline scenario, according to the existing system behavior law, Beijing has reached its carbon peak, Tianjin is expected to reach its carbon peak in 2023, and Hebei is unlikely to reach its carbon peak before 2035. In the coordinated development scenario, that is, the comprehensive regulation policy, compared with the single measure scenario, the effect of carbon emission reduction in each region is the best. Among them, the carbon emissions of Beijing from 2020 to 2030 will decrease by 13.52% on average compared with the baseline scenario. The carbon peak time of Tianjin can be advanced to 2021, and the carbon emissions of Hebei can reach the peak in 2030. Under the single measure scenario, the environmental protection scenario has the most significant effect on carbon emission reduction in Beijing, while the energy conservation and emission reduction scenario is the best development model to achieve the carbon emission peak in Tianjin and Hebei. Meanwhile, considering the differences in the peaks of carbon emissions in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, China should formulate differentiated carbon peaking strategy and emission reduction path. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on rural revitalization path from the perspective of settlement "double repair": Taking Shajing village in Qidong county as an example ZENG Can, LIU Pei-lin, Zuo Yu-lin, LI Bo-hua, CAO Yang-yi JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (8): 2018-2032.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220807 Abstract （438）   HTML （2）    PDF （4403KB）（47）       Knowledge map    In the process of rapid development of urbanization, rural withering poses a severe challenge to urban-rural coordination and regional sustainable development. Seeking the path of rural development is an important measure to carry out the strategy of rural revitalization, and it is also an urgent core task. Focusing on the rural regional system, this paper clarifies the connotation of "double repair", namely, the material elements repair and the non-material elements repair of rural settlements. In view of the development problems faced by rural areas, through the integration of "Ecological" and "Historical and cultural" resources, the transfer and construction of "Population", "Land", "Industry" and "Supporting facilities", this paper probes into the scientific mode and revitalization path of eradicating "Rural disease": In contrast to the "double revision" standard, strengthening green development to rejuvenate rural ecology; the six-in-one and cultural prosperity to rejuvenate rural culture; the efficient export of population and the return of counterpart to rejuvenate rural talents; the horizontal combination and vertical advancement to rejuvenate rural industry; the "Tokuji, rule of law, autonomy" sandwich integration and multi-dimensional co-construction to rejuvenate rural organizations. Taking Shajing village in Qidong county as an example, this paper puts forward the repair strategies and measures from the six aspects of culture, ecology, people, land, production and infrastructure, so as to achieve the purpose of repairing rural ecological capital, cultivating rural cultural capital, restoring rural social vitality, revitalizing rural industrial economy and improving rural living environment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial differentiation and influencing factors of rural territorial multi-functions in urban-rural integration area: A case study of Eastern Fuzhou BAO Xue-yan, DAI Wen-yuan, LIU Shao-fang, CHEN Song-lin JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (10): 2688-2702.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20221015 Abstract （437）   HTML （5）    PDF （2788KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Rural multi-functionality is an important way to solve problems related to the urban-rural dualistic structure effectively and promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas. This paper takes Eastern Fuzhou, the national urban-rural integrated development pilot zone as the research area to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of rural territorial multi-functions and the influencing factors with geodetector on the township scale. The results show that: Firstly, the spatial pattern of rural single-function in the research area reveals various features, for example, the agricultural production functions are clustered in small areas along the coast; the industrial development function and the living function are mainly concentrated in the city fringe area and southern townships; the ecological conversation function is mainly expanded in the western towns; the tourism and leisure function is mainly distributed in central and northern parts as well as Pingtan Island. Secondly, according to the LSE model, the research area is identified into several parts: five-function complex area, four-function complex area, three-function complex area, dual-function complex area and single-function dominated area, of which 58 towns are involved in four- and five-function complex areas, accounting for 45.68% of the total number. This reflects a high level of the multi-functionality of rural areas with a good foundation of urban-rural integration in the research area on the whole. Thirdly, the spatial differentiation of multi-functions in rural areas is affected by internal and external factors such as natural environment and social economy. Natural environment factors shape the original and characteristic functions of rural areas, location factors promote the formation and differentiation of rural functions, social economy is the basic factor optimizing rural functions while policy and capital are the leading factors accelerating the multi-functional transition of rural areas. The conclusion provides a scientific basis for further promoting regional urban-rural integration and rural revitalization. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Response and vulnerability analysis of carbon storage to LUCC in the main urban area of Chongqing during 2000-2020 XIANG Shu-jiang, ZHANG Qian, WANG Dan, WANG Shu, WANG Zi-fang, XIE Yu-qi, GAO Ming JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (5): 1198-1213.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220507 Abstract （437）   HTML （14）    PDF （4759KB）（110）       Knowledge map    Land use/cover change (LUCC) is an important driving factor that affects the carbon storage of regional ecosystems. Studying the response and vulnerability of carbon storage to LUCC is significant to the realization of the "dual carbon" goal. Taking the nine districts of Chongqing municipality as an example, the paper deeply explores the response of carbon storage to land use transfer and uses the Potential Impact Index (PI) to assess the vulnerability of ecosystem carbon storage services. The results show that: (1) Between 2000 and 2020, the area of cultivated land in the main urban area decreased by 743.29 km2, and the area of construction land surged by 773.48 km2. The land transfer area accounted for 6.05% in the first 10 years and 13.98% in the next 10 years. The conversion of cultivated land to construction land is the main land transfer. (2) In the study period, the carbon storage in the main urban area decreased by 5.78 Tg. The encroachment of cultivated land by construction land is the leading factor in the rapid decline of carbon storage. The distribution of carbon storage presents a spatial pattern of "low in the middle, but high in the surroundings". (3) Over the 20 years, the main urban districts were carbon sources. The land use degree index increased by 14.73, and the PI index ranged from -2.50 Tg to -2.59 Tg, both having negative potential impacts on the main urban area, and the vulnerability continued to deteriorate from 2000 to 2015. In 2020, the vulnerability eased. The results can provide references for the sustainable development of regional ecology and the formulation of future land use management policies, and for other similar mountainous cities in western China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The scenario analysis of China's carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality based on extremum condition of function TANG Zhi-Peng, YU Hao-Jie, CHEN Ming-Xing, CHENG Jia-Fan JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2022, 37 (5): 1247-1260.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220510 Abstract （410）   HTML （4）    PDF （2296KB）（56）       Knowledge map    To respond to global climate change, reducing carbon dioxide emissions is one of the vital goals of China's medium- to long-term development. Based on the extremum condition of function, this paper studies the theoretical conditions of carbon peak, and verifies the results based on examples of some main developed countries. It also analyzes present situation in China according to the above conditions, and finally forecasts China's carbon dioxide emissions during the process of carbon neutrality in 2060 after carbon emission peak in 2030 under baseline and enhanced scenarios. The results are shown as follows: (1) Based on an IPAT approach, carbon dioxide emission function is divided into three factors of population, per capita GDP and carbon intensity. The year of carbon peak emerges when the sum of the annual growth rates of the three factors changes from positive to negative. This conclusion has been verified by the historical data of selected main developed countries. (2) According to the historical data of China's population, per capita GDP and carbon intensity, the sum of the annual growth rates of the three factors has declined since 2003 and fluctuated between 0.01 and 0.02 in recent years, which indicates that there is a positive trend towards carbon emission peak generally. Moreover, according to the expected development goals of the three factors, the upper limit of China's carbon dioxide emission peak in 2030 is 11.22 billion tons. If the compound annual per capita GDP growth rate keeps unchanged from 2021 to 2035, the absolute value of compound annual growth rate of carbon intensity needs to be 0.14% higher than that of per capita GDP. (3) Given the premise condition that the total energy consumption decreases gradually, in 2060, the proportion of non-fossil energy is about 65% and the carbon dioxide emission is about 3.14 billion tons under the baseline scenario, while it is about 70% and 2.66 billion tons respectively under the enhanced scenario. However, carbon sequestration technologies such as carbon sink and CCUS are still uncertain, and the task of carbon neutrality is still arduous. To achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality, it is crucial that energy consumption should be controlled and low-carbon consumption behavior should be advocated. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics