With the advent of post-industrial society and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, tourism development has gradually become a key force to shape the livelihood characteristics of rural residents. However, the existing research pays little attention to the differentiated influence of tourism development on the livelihoods of rural residents. Through in-depth interviews and fieldwork, this article takes the case of Longtan village in Fujian province to explore the type division and characteristics of rural residents' livelihood under the influence of tourism development from the perspective of spatial capital theory. The results show that: (1) The formation of the characteristics of rural residents' livelihood types is affected by the spatial capital endowment, family interest demands as well as motivation for self-employment, which reflects the fundamental logic of uneven capital movement. (2) Affected by tourism development directed by government and external enterprises, the overall livelihood of rural residents has been significantly improved, but on the individual level, they use self-renewal, rent-seeking, neighborhood investment, and migration work as livelihood strategies. (3) Tourism development intensifies social inequality among rural residents within the community, and the livelihood characteristics of the four categories of residents are significantly different. This article constructs a classification framework for rural residents' livelihood characteristics and proposes a path to common prosperity through the optimization of spatial capital and balancing of interest demands. The findings can help deepen the understanding of the socioeconomic influence of tourism development in non-Western contexts and provide new insights for the sustainable development of rural tourism.

Rural tourism development can play a constructive and instrumental role in achieving sustainable livelihood and promoting common prosperity of urban, rural and regional areas. Based on the panel data samples of 30 provincial-level regions in China from 2010 to 2020, the spatial spillover effect and its mechanism of rural tourism development promoting rural sustainable livelihood are analyzed from the overall and regional perspectives by using the methods of bivariate spatial autocorrelation test and spatial panel econometric model. The research indicates that the sustainable development of tourism and livelihood in rural areas of China shows the advantage locking of high-value provinces in time, and both show a spatial differentiation pattern decreasing from southeast to northwest, with significant spatial dependence and correlation between them in space. The development of rural tourism can exert its adaptability to the substitution effect of traditional livelihoods through the dual action mechanism of internal and external responses, expand the effect of empowerment, enhance the endogenous development power, realize the sustainable development of rural livelihoods in the region, and drive the sustainable development of rural livelihoods in the neighboring areas through the spatial spillover effect. Rural tourism development affects rural sustainable livelihood under the multi-dimensional factors of livelihood vulnerability, livelihood capital, livelihood resilience and livelihood results, showing regional heterogeneity with direct effects decreasing from the western to the central and eastern regions and spatial spillover effects decreasing from the central to the western and eastern regions.

To realize the common prosperity of all the people is the essential requirement and important characteristic of Chinese modernization. Taking Lujia village in Anji county, Zhejiang province as an example, this study explores the sustainable livelihood effect of integrated rural tourism development under the goal of common prosperity based on multiple linear regression analysis and grey correlation analysis. The results show that: (1) Integrated rural tourism is an effective mode for rural tourist destinations to achieve common prosperity. The development of key variables such as embedding, endogenesis, complementarity, and empowerment can establish a stable cooperation network and information network between internal and external actors in rural areas, and promote the joint efforts of multiple subjects to develop the creative inheritance and innovative development of rural resources into tourism resources, and further act on the livelihood optimization and sustainable livelihood of community residents. (2) The complementary development of integrated rural tourism in Lujia village is the most significant, followed by empowerment. The sustainable livelihood effect of comprehensive rural tourism is mainly reflected in the impact of the development of key variables such as network, complementarity and empowerment on residents' livelihood capital. (3) Integrated rural tourism has a significant impact on the livelihood development of different types of residents. Tourism-led and tourism-participating residents need to carry out livelihood optimization actions based on social network relations. Tourism specialty residents need to establish the direction of livelihood optimization based on the development of individual ability and the in-depth experience and participation of tourists. The cooperation network, empowerment and information network need to be further expanded to non-tourism participating residents, so as to promote the optimization of livelihood development and common prosperity of all residents. Based on the above analysis, this study summarizes the practical mechanism of common prosperity of rural tourist destinations from three aspects: empowerment mechanism, complementary mechanism and comprehensive driving mechanism.

The framework of sustainable livelihood has new requirements under the direction of common prosperity in the New Era. Through in-depth interviews with tourism stakeholders and analysis of online text data about the Qinglong-Caicun route (known as Sichuan-Tibet route in Southern Anhui), it is found that corridor tourism places are faced with new vulnerability challenges such as comprehensive improvement across regions, tightening of ecological constraints, continuous upgrading of consumption, impact of epidemic situation and other major public security incidents. Therefore, effective control measures are urgently needed to improve the sustainability of farmers' livelihood. Based on this, this study integrates the new barrel theory, and explores a new framework system of sustainable livelihood, which takes corridor as a fulcrum to drive more farmers in the region to get rich together. The corridor has a larger radiation area because of its larger space extension, wider participation of people and longer supply of consumption chain. By digging the livelihood boards of farmers themselves and tourist destinations, a larger "barrel" of the livelihood destiny of tourist destinations can be built. In response to the change of vulnerability, more farmers should participate in sharing to achieve both material and spiritual prosperity by tamping the fulcrum, digging the long board, enhancing the bottom board, strengthening the barrel hoop and stimulating rivets. With the extension of corridor space and brand, the potential of natural capital in tourist destinations will be further released, and more farmers will get the opportunity to participate in sharing. The integrated thinking of the new barrel provides a useful reference for other types of tourist destinations to find the "fulcrum" of sustainable development, and the new barrel regulation measures with double scales of "human" and "earth" provide a new theoretical perspective and analytical method for the sustainable research of tourist destinations.

Relying on red resources to develop rural tourism is a characteristic path for old revolutionary areas to promote common prosperity of farmers and villages. Guided by the goal of common prosperity, based on the improved sustainable livelihood framework (SLF), this paper constructs an evaluation index system for the livelihood effect of rural tourism development in the old revolutionary areas. We evaluated livelihood effects of rural tourism development by taking 10 tourism villages in Jinggang Mountains as research cases and collecting the perception data of 326 rural households. The results show that: (1) The farmers' livelihood effect of rural tourism development in the study area is generally at a moderate level; (2) The promotion of rural tourism development for the common prosperity of farmers and villages is in a process developing from the surface to the inside, and changing from explicit to endogenous features; (3) Compared with the enterprise-led homestay type, the community-led study-tour type is a more suitable model for rural tourism development in the old revolutionary areas with the connotation of common prosperity. In response to the problems of insufficient development of rural tourism industry in the study area, insufficient endogenous power of the community, and insufficient participation ability of farmers, targeted suggestions are made in terms of high-quality industrial development, innovation of governance mechanism, and increase of farmers' income.