基于生态系统服务优化的滨海湿地一体化保护—修复格局构建
智烈慧(1991- ),女,河北张家口人,博士研究生,主要从事湿地生态修复规划、生态—社会经济复合系统氮代谢研究。E-mail: zhiliehui1991@163.com |
收稿日期: 2023-04-24
修回日期: 2023-07-15
网络出版日期: 2023-12-12
基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2019YFE0121500)
国家自然科学基金委—山东联合基金项目(U2006215)
国家自然科学基金委—山东联合基金项目(U22A20558)
国家自然科学基金项目(3217130131)
Maximal multiple ecosystem services for coastal wetlands by integrating their conservation and restoration pattern in the Yellow River Delta, China
Received date: 2023-04-24
Revised date: 2023-07-15
Online published: 2023-12-12
传统的湿地修复实践侧重点状效果,较少关注景观尺度的空间选址策略。而滨海受损湿地与未受损自然湿地具有结构和功能联系,因此保护和修复应协同优化。以黄河三角洲滨海湿地为例,将湿地保护与修复格局统一到滨海湿地典型生态系统服务(碳储、生境质量和水质净化)提升构架下,以受损区内优势种的适宜生境作为潜在修复区,发展了一套一体化保护—修复格局构建及优化方法。结果表明:保护和修复50%的生态系统服务核心区能够以最小的成本实现目标最大化;为达成该目标应优先将部分自然湿地划入保护区,随后撤出保护区内现存的养殖池,最后实施保护区内的退盐还湿和保护区外的退养还滩。研究提出的方法丰富了国土空间生态修复的技术体系,确定的保护—修复优先区有助于科学划定生态“保护红线”和“修复绿线”,相关调控措施能够为优化滨海湿地现有保护格局提供科学的决策支持。
智烈慧 , 周方文 , 李晓文 , 马田田 , 邵冬冬 , 白军红 , 崔保山 , 郭卫华 . 基于生态系统服务优化的滨海湿地一体化保护—修复格局构建[J]. 自然资源学报, 2023 , 38(12) : 3150 -3165 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20231213
Traditional restoration practice focused on the site-based success, with less concern about spatial strategy of site-selection restoration at landscape scale. However, site-based restoration may achieve extra ecological benefits if they spatially form an eco-network with existing protected area where their ecosystem functioning can be co-beneficial each other. We therefore developed a novel site-selection spatial strategy to optimize restoration and conservation pattern with maximized co-benefits of ecosystem services (ES) for the coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta. We firstly identified the potential restorable sites and target salt marsh based on their hydro-geomorphological regimes using Gaussian model, and captured the hotspots of three major types of ES (i.e., habitat, carbon sequestration, water purification) spatial explicitly by InVEST across the river delta after restoration. Then, the method of Systematic Conservation Planning was used to determine the integrated conservation-restoration pattern and optimal conservation-restoration ratio under the gradient of each conservation-restoration ratio. This involved weighing the economic costs of ecological functions, protecting existing wetlands, and restoring potential wetlands, as well as the representativeness, complementarity, and connectivity of multiple typical ecosystem services under the potential pattern. Finally, the study suggests conservation-restoration tactics within the framework of each scale's optimum pattern. The study suggests conservation-restoration procedures based on the ideal distribution of each proportion. The result indicates that maintaining 50% of ES hotspots after restoration would be the cost-efficient target setting to maximize the regional ES with minimized cost, and thus the prioritized sites for restoration were filtered out by excluding existing protected area from those selected ES hotspots at this target level (50%) across the delta. The integrated conservation-restoration pattern of coastal wetlands that this study proposes to build and optimize enriches the technical system of ecological restoration of land space, and the priority areas for conservation and restoration as well as related regulatory measures can support scientific decision-making for optimizing the current conservation pattern of coastal wetlands.
表1 黄河三角洲细分植被类型碳库Table 1 Carbon pool by vegetation type in Yellow River Delta (t/hm2) |
土地利用类型 | 地上碳密度 | 地下碳密度 | 土壤碳库 | 凋落物有机碳 |
---|---|---|---|---|
草地 | 5 | 2 | 15 | 0.3 |
城镇建设用地 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
淡水沼泽 | 17 | 8 | 15 | 0.6 |
港口 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
工业用地 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
海岸性盐水湖 | 2 | 1 | 27 | 0 |
旱田 | 9 | 4 | 25 | 0.3 |
河流 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 20 | 0 |
林地 | 31.4 | 6.9 | 24.5 | 0.2 |
裸地 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
旅游用地 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
水库坑塘 | 1 | 0.5 | 30 | 0 |
滩地 | 0.5 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
滩涂湿地 | 0.5 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
盐水沼泽(盐地碱蓬、芦苇) | 4 | 2 | 17 | 0.3 |
盐水沼泽(盐地碱蓬、芦苇、柽柳) | 6 | 2 | 20 | 0.2 |
盐水沼泽(芦苇) | 14 | 7 | 15 | 0.6 |
盐水沼泽(芦苇、柽柳) | 10 | 3 | 20 | 0.3 |
盐水沼泽(其他) | 8 | 8 | 15 | 0.6 |
盐田 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
养殖池 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
潜在修复区 | 3 | 1 | 20 | 0.2 |
注:芦苇 [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steu],柽柳(Tamarix chinensis Lour.)。 |
表2 生境适宜性及生境对各威胁因子的敏感度参数Table 2 Habitat suitability and habitat sensitivity parameters |
土地利用 | 生境适宜性 | 生境对各威胁因子的敏感度参数 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
养殖池 | 盐田 | 建设用地 | 农田 | ||
草地 | 1 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.8 |
林地 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
农田 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1 |
盐田 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
湿地 | 1 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
水体 | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
裸地 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
建设用地 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
图6 不同保护—修复目标水平下(20%~80%)聚集度敏感性分析,保护—修复目标水平、成本和边界长度敏感性分析和最优目标水平下的保护—修复格局Fig. 6 Sensitivity analysis of aggregation degree, conservation-restoration proportion, cost and boundary length under the conservation-restoration target level ranging from 20% to 80% and conservation-restoration pattern under optimal proportion |
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