Archive

  • Select all
    |
    Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Li Changhua
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this article, after the brief historic review, the analysis of situation about the integrative survey of natural resources in China today is presented. Then, author forecasts some developing integrative trends ahead, and advances the suggestion of countermeasure.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Na Wenjun
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Only by coordinating closely the rational distribution of agriculture, improved resources foundation, and sufficient energy input and advanced technology, and by supplementing one other, can these factors be brought into full play. These factors are very different in areas and historical periods. Since China is a country with a vast territory and regional differences are very obvious, not only natural resources but also social economics and technology are different in areas. So, we have to suit measures 10 local conditions considering these measures and ways as a whole interdependent and interactive relation. When these relations are concretely and clearly proved, and shown how they can be interdependent and can promote each other, the researchers of agricultural natural resources economics can well be qualified to show that they bring their role into full play in retional exploitation and utilization of the agricultural natural resources.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Liu Shukai
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Economic growth, resource scarcity, and environmental degradation, have already been a global and serious problem day by day. In China, natrural resources are relatively lesser but the population is larger so saving and rational use of resources in a basic national policy therefor, the importance of research of agricultural resourc economics will increas continuously at present and in the future. But the economics of agricultural Resource has not yet becom a systematical and independent discipline. for the reason of impulse of the establishment and futher development a new dicipline, the write proposes some opinions as follows:First, based on the previous research and practice, and from the viewpoint of economics and agro-resource economics, this article sums up various opinions and built up a dynamic and systematic analysis on natrral and agricultural resources.Second, recognized the main subject, target, tasks and their contents of agricultural resource. Economics, the emphasis should be placed on the comprehensive studies on the tvelua-tion, exploitation, utilization, improvement. Conservation and meanagement of natural resources as well as on population and labour resources, and their strategic reseach as a whole. The aims are regulation of the relationships between human and nature (biosphere), and acqisition the best integrated benefit, that is, Agro-resource Economic is mainly deals with the exploitation and utilization of nature by man, out more spesifically with the relations of man to man arising out of the relation of man to natural resources, It is a branch of theoretical and applied.Third, in regard to the methodology of Agro-resource in this article the systems theory and systems engineering is the fundamental approach and the methods of systems and comprehensive analysis, optional control, ect. were adequately adoptable.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Zhang Bofu
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper includes four parts: (1) The original characteristics of groundwater; (2) The distributive situation of groundwater; (3) The appraise and forecast on the resource of groundwater; (4) The rational utilization on the ground water.The main characteristics of groundwater in the Changbai Mountain ous district are as follows: (1) widely and concentrately distributing fumarole-fissure water in hasah and fissure water in granite and metamorphic rock; (2) scatteringly distributing the cavern-fissure water and void water in the friable, fragrnental rock and carbonatite. The neotectonism which formed the changes of gradient of natural landscape controled condition of recharge, runoff and drainge. The storage and enrichment of the groundwater in whole area, are controled by the topography, geomorphology, rock texture and geological structure.It have calculated that natural resource of ground water in whole Changzhi mountain area are 42.63 hundred million m3/yr in a lower precipitation year and 45.14 hundred million m'/yr in an ordinary precipitation year and 49.25 hundred million m'/yr in a higher precipitation year. It can be fully ensure for 32.32 hundred million m'/yr of total demand in whole area at 1990, and the 44.61 hundred million m3/yr of total demand at 2000 is a few large than 42.38 hundred million ma/yr in lowest precipitation year, but may be enssure with 45.14 hunderd million m'/yr at an ordinary precipitation year. Some valuable storage structures of groundwater applicable in quality and quantity for utilization in economic construction in Chongbai mountainous area have occurred, such as those groundwater in basalt plateau, Karst syncline, intermountainous basin, intermonouus river valley and in the faults in original rock as well as the rich water zones of thermal water and minearal water etc.Author have raised some ways for solving the problems in utilization of groundwater. These problems are deficincy of water supple in towns and villages, the prevention of pollution of groundwater, the utilization for thermal water and mineral water, development of landscape resource for tourist as well as the prevention of endemic disease etc.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Cheng Tianwen, Luan Lukai, Tang Qicheng
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper used frequenity to analyses natural flow of wet and dry years in four areas of Chang Jiang, Huai He, Huang He and Hai-Luan He. The subordinative measure of wet and dry years of each station and fuzzy probablity of encounter of wet and dry years among the stations were calculated by fuzzy mathematical method. Acceding to analyses of the results, these are proved to be true that encounter of wet and dry years in Chang Jiang and Hai-Luan He is random and the most in Chang Jiang, Huai He and Huang He are the same time.The water transfer area is considered as one hand, and water recieve areas as the other hand. The encounter of wet and dry years in water transfer and water receive areas of eveiy routes of southto-north water transfer is calculated considering effects of through region on it. According to the encounter of wet and dry years, the middle route (on the middle reaches of Han Jiang) is better. Finally, we analysesed the frequenity neartude of wet and dry years, approved the results of fuzzy probability of calculated.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Chen Changyu
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    According to geological sediment, paleontological evidence, historical and locol records preserved from ancient times, recent meteorological observations and vegetation survey materials, the author studied the evolution and distribution characteristics of the climate and vegetation types in the loess plateau, Gansu Province. The results show that during the Quaternary Ice Age, the sandy loess zone in the Gansu Loess Plateau was arid desert and semi-desert, and the typical loess zone was arid steppe. During imerglacial period the former changed into subarid steppe and the latter into humid forest and subhumid forest steppe. Before hundreds of years, the vegetation in the Gansu Loess Plateau was much better then that at present. Forest could be seen in the southeastern part and higher rocky mountains of this area. Afterwards, because of unreasonable economical activities of mankind it leaded to deterioration in ecological environment and desertification in climate. Nowadays the northern and central parts of the sandy loess zone and the typical loess zone have already been arid and subarid desert, subdesert and steppe. Only in the southern and southeastern parts of the typical loess zone, the subhumid forest and steppe and humid forest still continue to exist.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Sun Guangyou, Zhang Wenfeng, Zhang Jiaju, Luo Jia, Yang Fuming
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The Ruoergai Plateau is the largest distribution area of peatland in China, various natural features, such as, relatively depressed lands during the Quaternary, Geomorphic features of wide Valley and mild hilly land as well as cool and humis climate. Provided a good condition for development of mires and peat accumulation, and therefore a particular ecological environment of upland mires was formed. The main type of mires is the waterlogged peat land on the wide valley with rare species of helophytes and many birds and few beasts, hence it formed a specific landscape. The grassland of mires in the region is a good grazing land and peat is an impro-tant resource. Both area of distribution is about the same over 4600 km2; and storage capacity of peat which is the first place in China is reached to 76 × 108m3 and has an improtant value for exploitation. The exploitation of mires and peat resource must follow the principle of pursuing ecological and economic benefits.At present, there is an indication that the Ecological environment trends to be worse, for example, the environment is in danger of being desert, and therefore attention is must paid to-that.The large scale drainage of in ire is not suitable in this region and the extablishment of ecological mire conservancy area is urgemly needed. The Potential of peat exploitation which is of importance in local economy is vary great and the principle of comprehensive exploitation and utilization of the resource combined with conservation is must followed.
  • Special Column:Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of IGSNRR, CAS
    Wu Baoling, Li Yongqi
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this paper, the exploitation, utilization and enhancement of marine living resources in the world, especially in the China have been described and discussed. The main contents of present paper are summarized as follows:1. The term "marine living resources" is here employed in a broad sense and includes the all living body (microbes, algae, seagrass, mangrove and animals) in the marine environment(including esturies). We should be discussion it from the point of view of ecosystems.2. China is a country rich in marine living resources. Nearly ten thousand species of marine organisms were found from the coastal zone and the shallow water of the continental self of China.3. The amount of photosynthetic production in water of Pohai Sea( Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea is about 3.5 × 108 tons of carbon/year. According to the theoretical estimates from data on primary production the total year production of fish biomass is about 16 million tons.4. Marine living resources is exploited and utilized as foods, raw materials for industries, feed, fertilizer, new energy resources and ornament. Marine pharmacan which play an rapor-tant role in Chinese traditional medicine has attracted the attention of public in China and other countries.5. Though there was overfish in some areas in the ocean, the future of .vorld production of marine fisheries will be bright.6. Mariculture is greatly developed in China. At the present time, over 40 species of marine algae and animals are cultivated, the annual yield have increased to more than 50×104. tons.7. Protective management is very important in maintaining the high aboundance biomass of marine living resources.