精确估算干旱区流域生态系统土壤有机碳库是进行干旱区土壤碳循环研究的重要前提。论文利用改进的土壤类型法——基于网格的土壤类型法，以干旱区典型的三工河流域为例，精确估算流域土壤碳储量，分析土壤碳密度的空间分布特征，为干旱区土壤碳循环研究提供数据支撑。研究结果显示，三工河流域0~20cm土壤有机碳储量为14.35Tg，平均土壤有机碳密度为6.70kgC/m²，其中山地灰褐土土壤有机碳密度最大，这主要是受中山带较低的气温和丰富的森林凋落物的影响；流域土壤有机碳密度表现出了明显的垂直地带性和水平地带性特征，即碳密度从山地区、丘陵区、绿洲区到荒漠区呈逐渐减小的趋势，且随海拔高度的降低碳密度逐渐减小。

Ecotourism has been considered as an effective way in mountain sustainable develop-ment.The present study firstly examines the experience and implication of ecotourism develop-ment in Switzerland and Nepal,two typical mountain countries.It then discusses the landscape resources and their particular features for ecotourism in western Sichuan.Based on the success-ful experiences and local situation of ecotourism development in western Sichuan,the eco-tourism design models are put forward and consequently some management measures were pro-vided for the purpose of promoting the sustainable ecotourism development in the mountain re-gion.

With rapid socio-economic development, the relationship between city and lake has experienced complicated and diversified changes, which brings potential challenges to regional sustainable development. To optimize the relationship between urban development and lake protection, this study, taking Hefei-Chaohu Lake in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) as an example, established the evaluation index system of city-lake symbiosis, and analyzed the development levels and variations of Hefei and Chaohu Lake from 2005 to 2019, based on the theoretical analysis of city-lake symbiosis. Consequently, the symbiotic pattern of Hefei and Chaohu Lake was identified by introducing Lotka-Volterra model, and the variation trend of Hefei and Chaohu Lake symbiotic level was measured using symbiotic coordination degree model. The main conclusions and suggestions are as follows: (1) During the study period, the city subsystem showed a steady upward trend, and the level of each indicator gradually changed from great differences to balanced development. Although the level of scientific and technological innovation showed the fastest increasing trend, it was still lower than the other indicators. In order to further improve the level of scientific and technological innovation, it is suggested to enhance both the industrial transformation-upgrading and green innovation capability of Hefei. (2) During the study period, the lake subsystem showed a fluctuating upward trend, and the trend slowed down since 2014. The water ecological environment has been improved significantly compared with the levels of water pollution prevention and water resource security. However, the growth rates of all the three indicators have slowed down in recent years. Thus, comprehensive management and protection of Chaohu Lake is still one of the top priorities in the near future. (3) Although the results of the identification of symbiotic pattern show that Hefei and Chaohu Lake have already stepped into the stage of mutualistic symbiosis, the low value of symbiotic coordination degree indicates that both the city and the lake are still in the early stage. In addition to the improvement of the levels of both the city subsystem and the lake subsystem, it is suggested that the linkage and integration between Hefei and Chaohu Lake should be further enhanced to reach the high level of mutualistic symbiosis, and realize the harmonious development between human and nature. The study provides a reference for symbiotic pattern recognition and high-quality development of other city-lake systems in the YRD.

A comprehensive survey of water quality and quantity and aquatic biological resources was conducted in Ulungur Lake in 2008, and then, the basic data about water quality and quantity were obtained. On this basis, a preliminary analysis was carried out on lake environmental change in the last 60 years. According to the changes of regional climate and human activity patterns, the Ulungur Lake environmental change can be divided into four periods. In the first period before 1956, Ulungur Lake was in the natural state with Ulungur River as the main supply, and its water fluctuation was controlled by the climate change. The second period was from 1956 to 1970 with the rapid increase in intensity of human activities. Because of the lake input amount reduction induced by water consumption of the drainage exploitation, there had been a steady decline in the lake water level. The period from 1970 to 1995 was the third stage in lake environmental change. Besides the water consumption in the drainage area exploitation, the water level fluctuation was also related to other human activities such as digging canals and building dams during this period of time. In the fourth period since 1995, because water conservancy projects ran smoothly and regional climate was suitable, the lake environmental change was relatively stable. Recently, the runoff of Ulungur River decreased rapidly and even had a zero flow due to the arid climate, which caused Ulungur Lake water to flow back into Jili Lake, and aggravated lake water environmental degeneration and catchment’s desertification. The results indicate, apart from the increase in river inflow, maintaining the lake water environment a stable state in the 1990s depends largely on scientific evaluation and optimizing regulation of industrial and agricultural water consumption at the present climate condition.

The rural revitalization, as a national strategy in the new era, puts forward the requirements and goals of the thriving industry, pleasant living environments, social etiquette and civility, effective governance and prosperity. China is a country with a vast territory, marked by regional differences in resource and economic development levels. What's more, rural areas are complex, diverse, and have many problems. Rural revitalization is a systematic project with comprehensive, complex and regional characteristics. Sixteen young scholars in the field of rural geography across the country have conducted in-depth discussions and reflections on the scientific path of rural revitalization in China. The core points are as follows: (1) In accordance with the law of time-space distribution, we should fully understand the connection between the historical basis of rural development and the practical needs, establish a theoretical and technical system that highlights regional characteristics and has operability, and promote the transformation of rural residential environment, industrial system and governance mode in a classified and orderly manner. (2) Rural revitalization strives for the integration between urban and rural areas to build a compound multi-center network system, which breaks through the village and town systems of traditional linear "central place", and innovate the spatial organization mode of "village cluster". Rural endogenous force, urban radiation force and planning binding force jointly drive rural revitalization. (3) The agriculture has multiple functions such as food safety, social stability, and ecological products. Its development needs to create the whole value chain of agriculture to promote the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. (4) In energy-rich areas, we should fundamentally solve the problem of unbalanced and inadequate rural development under the premise of ensuring the national energy security demand. In Southwest China, we should take advantage of ecology and human resources to build a modern agricultural industry system, remodel the brand of rural tourism, and build landscape rural homes. In Northeast China, rural revitalization must proceed in an orderly and classified way in the process of synergistic promotion of the "northeast revitalization" strategy. In the Yangtze River Delta region, it is necessary to cognize the evolutionary stages from rural industrialization to rural urbanization, and then to rural characteristics with more and more emphasis on the social, cultural and ecological construction of rural areas, seeking a scientific path of rural revitalization. In Northwest China, we propose to effectively improve the ability of "independent poverty alleviation" in rural areas under the premise of ecological protection, and realize the transformation from "transfusing blood" to "producing blood". In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, oriented by equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, we will promote the development of urban-rural integration and rural revitalization. In resource-oriented areas, rural industries will replace the industrial system formed around resource exploitation with an efficient agricultural system integrating primary, secondary and tertiary industries. In traditional agricultural areas, it is necessary to optimize the coupling pattern between farmland use transformation and rural labor structure change, which is an important means to achieve rural revitalization. In economically developed areas, villages with "mixed" characteristics need to activate the assets and capital attributes of rural land resources, promote the integration and activation of spatial order, and comprehensively explore the modern rural governance mode with the participation of multiple subjects.

生态补偿作为一种将外在的、非市场环境服务转化为当地参与者提供生态系统服务的财政激励机制而备受世界关注。为了全面认识国际生态补偿对象空间选择的状况与成果，促进国际生态补偿对象空间选择研究的交流与合作，论文在分析国际相关理论和实践研究的基础上，概括介绍了生态补偿对象空间选择的相关概念和研究背景，对不同补偿对象选择方案进行了归纳梳理和比较分析，简要介绍了得分函数法、距离函数法和GAP分析法等研究方法，比较分析了研究方法的优缺点，最后提出了思考和展望：选择方案的设计既要注重资金效益，又要兼顾公平；努力建立生态补偿效果的评价机制，逐步完善生态补偿对象选择方案，健全生态补偿机制。

Ecosystem service value is the base of decision-making for ecological protection, ecological regionalization and ecological compensation, and it appears the dynamic spatio-temporal changes which are closely connected with the variations of ecological structure and function. However, it is still lack of a universal and integrated dynamic evaluation method for ecosystem service value in China. Based on literature survey, expert knowledge, statistical data and remote sensing data, using model simulations and GIS spatial analysis method, this paper modified and developed the method for evaluating the value equivalent factor in unit area, and proposed an integrated method for dynamic evaluation on Chinese terrestrial ecosystem service value. This method can realize the comprehensive and dynamic assessment of ecosystem service value for 11 service types of 14 different types of terrestrial ecosystem at monthly and provincial scales in China. The preliminary application indicated that the total ecosystem service value was 38.1×10¹² yuan in 2010, in which the value from forest ecosystem was the highest, accounting for about 46%, followed by water body and grassland. Among different ecosystem service types, the contribution from regulation function was the highest, especially the values from hydrological regulation and atmospheric regulation which accounted for about 39.3% and 18.0% of total service value, respectively. Moreover, ecosystem service value presented apparent spatio-temporal patterns in China. Spatially, the ecosystem service value decreased from southeast to northwest and the highest value appeared in southeastern and southwestern regions. Temporally, the ecosystem service value for most of the ecosystems attained the peak in July and reached the trough during December and January except desert, barren and glacier ecosystem. Generally, although this established method still needs to be developed and optimized, it is the first to provide a relatively comprehensive approach for the spatio-temporal dynamic evaluation of ecosystem service value in China, which will be helpful to the scientific decision-making on natural capital rating and ecological compensation.

To develop the marine economy and build a strong marine country, we need to care about, understand and manage the ocean from the perspective of national strategy. In order to systematically understand China's marine resource economy and strategy under the background of marine ecological civilization construction, nine well-known experts from marine-related fields were invited to discuss marine ecological civilization construction, marine land space planning, marine ecological pasture construction, and coastal ecological restoration. They conducted exchanges and interviews in frontier research fields such as marine strategic emerging industries, marine science and technology development, deep-sea mineral resources development, marine geopolitics, and China's participation in global ocean governance. According to their interviews: (1) The construction of marine ecological civilization is an important part of the construction of a powerful marine country. In the construction of marine ecological civilization, we should clarify the goal of building a beautiful ocean, master the methods of marine ecosystems, adhere to the major strategy of coordinating land and sea, and build an institutional system for marine ecological civilization. (2) National marine space planning should integrate existing sea-related plans, rationally develop, utilize and protect marine resources, innovate planning technologies and planning governance concepts, and strengthen marine space control indicators, marine space development capabilities, and local characteristic mechanisms for marine space governance, etc. (3) The construction of marine ranches should focus on the industrial chain and promote the construction of "all-for-one" marine ranches; strengthen the original drive, build an "all-for-all" marine ranch technology system; advocate integrated development and cultivate new "all-for-one" marine ranches. (4) Coastal ecological restoration based on "natural restoration" emphasizes the use of technologies to optimize the spatial layout and resource management of land-ocean staggered areas, fully consider the process and mechanism of natural restoration of coastal ecosystems, and improve the efficiency of ecological restoration. (5) The development of marine strategic emerging industries should grasp the general trend of the digital economy, focus on the development of intelligent manufacturing, accelerate the upgrading of the industrial structure, adhere to green and low-carbon development, and actively connect with regional strategies. (6) The key tasks for the future development of marine science and technology are to focus on the new strategic fields of deep sea and polar regions, improve the real-time fine observation and forecasting capabilities of key sea areas, focus on the intensive use of marine resources and energy, and strengthen the research and development of key core technologies of marine engineering equipment. (7) In the development of deep-sea mineral resources, it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation, carry out multidisciplinary investigation, long-term monitoring, enhance the research and development level of deep-sea development technology, evaluate the environmental impact of deep-sea mining, reduce the disturbance of the deep-sea development process to the marine environment, and realize deep-sea mining and deep-sea environmental protection coordinated development. (8) China should implement a spatially differentiated and targeted marine geostrategy to serve the unification of the motherland, the maintenance of marine rights and interests and the utilization of marine resources, and the safety of marine transportation and ecological environment, so as to ultimately serve the construction of a community with a shared future for the ocean. (9) We should implement the "going out" strategy of China's marine spatial planning technology, actively promote the strategy of building a "node network system" in China's overseas parks, and implement the talent training and training strategy for the needs of the Belt and Road Initiative, in order to provide necessary space fulcrum and technical support for global marine governance.

For the purpose of keeping abreast the development of farmland fragmentation analysis in China, this paper gives a comprehensive description of the research on farmland fragmentation by using the summary and comparison analysis approaches. The analysis is organized from three aspects flowed as the definition of farmland fragmentation, the main fields concerned by farmland fragmentation and the measurement method. The main features about the research of farmland fragmentation go as follows. Firstly, the connotation of farmland fragmentation is clear and has been widely recognized, but the measurement method for the degree of fragmentation still needs further study. Secondly, the farmland fragmentation research in China mainly focuses on the causes and the effects on agricultural production. Among them, the research on negative effects of agricultural production is most sufficient. Furthermore, the relationship between farmland fragmentation and land consolidation attracted more attention. The research on the relationship between farmland fragmentation and land transfer is quite inadequate. The last but not the least, the study on land fragmentation mainly uses economic research methods, such as production function and regression analysis. Geographical spatial analysis method and the method of landscape ecology have not been used in the research. Besides, some suggestions on further studies of decoupling are put forward in this paper. These suggestions include giving more concern on comparative study of different areas based on different economic and social background; strengthening the study on relationship between farmland fragmentation and comprehensive regulation of rural land; in order to expand the research angle and research content, trying to combine the discipline of geography with landscape ecology, especially using the methods of RS and GIS in farmland fragmentation.

The world is undergoing tremendous changes, and food security is encountering major challenges in China and even the world. In order to systematically study globalization and explore its new patterns, new issues and new paths for food security, we interviewed ten distinguished professors from different fields and discussed hot topics, including the potential for increasing farmland production, agricultural water and soil resources and food production, food waste, international agricultural product trade, stable supply of key agricultural product, global agricultural food system, dual circulation pattern and corporate actions, global food production and consumption, international food security governance, and cutting-edge research on food safety. The result shows that the global agricultural food system has entered an era of complexity and high risk. International food security governance is facing challenges in terms of resources, binding force and action power. We are facing an increasing pressure of import dependent agricultural products to ensure stable supply. It is necessary to deepen supply-side reform and strengthen demand-side management so as to guarantee national food security. New changes have taken place in globalization. This will test China's ability to deepen agricultural opening-up, participate in global food security governance, and achieve national food security. In the face of complex international and domestic situations, for better national food security governance, it is necessary to adhere to system thinking and coordinate domestic and international markets. It is also very important to target the entire industry chain, emphasize risk control, and handle the relationship between the government and the market. Furthermore, researchers need to explore the internal relationships and specific mechanisms between food security and other important issues, such as food systems, ecosystems, high-quality development goals, agricultural opening-up, and new dual-circulation development patterns. This could provide a scientific reference for establishing and improving the national food security strategy of "featuring self-sufficiency based on domestic grain production, guaranteed food production capacity, moderate imports, and technological support" in the New Era.

Water resources serve as the material base of the existence and development of human beings.It is a huge complicated system involving population,economy,society and environment.Water resources and water cycle are the keys in the system.Based on the summarization of the water resources concept and its attribute of nature,economy and society,this paper discusses the relationships between water resources and water cycle,water-balance structure,population,economy,society and environment in details.The paper also emphasizes the interactions of water cycle and water balance,water resources utilization and evaluation,economic activity,and water resources carrying capacity.Given an example of the Yellow River valley,the paper states that there is a closer relationship between water resources,population,economy,society and environment.The author gives a definite concept and connotation of water resources carrying capacity on the base of summing up the former studies.Summarizing the model system of water resources carrying capacity,the author also points out that it is very essential to use the system to depict the complex relationship between water resources and other four aspects,namely population,economy,society and environment.Considering the problem from the viewpoint of the regional sustainable development and alleviating the benefit conflict of distribution of water resources,we should clarify the following aspects:water demands for ecological environment,including rivers,animals,plants and land;water demands for population and social-economic development;and water environment capacity that can tolerate certain amount of pollutants.So,in order to promote the sustainable development of population,economy,society and environment,it is of great significance to simulate and predict the evolvement of the huge complex system with the combination of remote sensing,GIS and modern math theory,seek a reasonable allocation of water resources carrying capacity,and study the enhanced module of water resources carrying capacity.

In the era of digital economy, the tourism development model based on traditional natural and human resources can no longer effectively meet the diversified and personalized needs of tourists. Some non-traditional tourism resources in digital platforms have attracted a large amount of attention capital and converted into tourism flows, which greatly expands the content and boundaries of tourism resources. The emergence of the flow economy has not only profoundly affected the development model of tourism, but also posed new challenges to the theory and practice of tourism resource development. Interviews show that: First, the formation of the flow economy is not a coincidental phenomenon; although the spread of flow leads to the expansion of attention capital scale and drives tourism development, the core of tourism development lies in tourism resource endowment, tourism service quality, government support and guarantee, etc. Second, the flow economy drives the recombination, agglomeration and diffusion of tourism supply and demand factors, and quickly caters to the individual needs of tourists, while whether the tourism industry can adjust its service supply capacity in response to changes in tourist demand becomes the key path and mechanism for the flow economy to promote tourism development. Third, in order to promote the flow economy to empower the high-quality development of tourism, it is necessary to combine effective market and active government, and to establish the brand of tourism. We can also make full use of the spatial effect of the flow economy to promote the collaborative development of regional tourism. Finally, after the tourism boom triggered by the flow economy, it is also necessary to calmly consider the mismatch of resources, negative environmental effects, cultural conflicts and contradictions between short-term hotspots and long-term investment. Only in this way can tourist destinations follow a sustainable development path.

With the deepening understanding of the Scientific Outlook on Development, the coupling coordination degree model has become an effective evaluation and research tool for the regional overall balanced development. However, for this model, there are four types of misuses, including writing errors, coefficients loss, weight misuses and model failures, which have significantly affected the scientific nature of academic research. Therefore, this study firstly clarified the normative formula of the traditional coupling coordination degree model. On the basis of discussing the validity of the traditional model in the field of social science research, this study further proposed a modified model of coupling degree. In addition, the coupling coordination degree model has three reliability issues: the subjectivity of index construction, and the volatility and incomparability of coupling results. Taking the ecological and economic system of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as an example, we proved that the modified coupling coordination degree model has better validity, and the spatial and temporal changes of the research object will affect the reliability of the coupled coordination model.

Taking Shajiabang red tourism scenic spot in Suzhou as a case study and based on digital field survey, this paper analyzes the process of the transformation of tourism "man-land" relationship into "man-network-land" relationship in the cyberspace production of red tourism resource, and puts forward the multi-dimensional production and spiritual reconstruction model of the cyberspace of red tourism destination resource. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The red tourism cyberspace breaks the traditional time-space boundary and provides a freer public sphere for public emotions such as patriotism. The one-way value transmission is transformed into the co-creation of subjective and objective values, which is the process of empowering tourists and democratic production of red spirit. (2) The open cyberspace deconstructs the traditional red tourism space. In the face of the diversity of education, entertainment and aesthetic value, there is a new host-guest network geopolitical competition, that is, the right of network discourse. (3) The official of red tourism destination, as the manager of cyberspace, shoulders the responsibility of control in ideological communication. Due to the transformation of traditional tourists into consumers, participants and producers of cyberspace, the decentralization of cyberspace production is obvious, which requires the official subject of destination to master a higher level of cyberspace governance ability. (4) In the contemporary context, the official subject of red tourism cyberspace tries to integrate into the network practice by using popular elements, characterized by a trend of pan entertainment.

Three typical factors including land desertification, soil erosion and rocky desertification are selected to establish the evaluation model of eco-environmental sensitivity by integrating the technologies of RS and GIS in the present study. This paper conducts comprehensive research on eco-environmental sensitivity, reveals its spatial features in quantitative way and defines the redline of ecological sensitivity in China. The results are as follows: 1) the moderate sensitivity is the main type of land desertification. The surrounding areas of deserts in semiarid areas of northern China are the most sensitive areas. This is due to the strong wind in winter and spring in these areas, and the soil that mainly consists of sand and is seldom covered by vegetation is also the reason. 2) The slight sensitivity and insensitive areas take great proportion in soil erosion. The southwestern and southeastern parts of China and loess hilly regions are the most environmental sensitive areas, which is mainly the result of the abrupt slopes and spatial variation of precipitation. 3) The insensitive area is the main type of rocky desertification. The karst areas of southwest China are the most sensitive areas. 4) The main types of comprehensive eco-environment sensitivity in the study area are slight, insensitive and moderate. The comprehensive eco-environment sensitivity in northwestern, southwestern, southeastern parts of China and loess hilly region is higher than other areas in China. 5) Based on the evaluation results of comprehensive eco-environment sensitivity, taking the extreme sensitive areas as the ecological redline areas, this paper uses top-down method to define the redline of eco-fragile areas in China. Three types and 23 important ecological redline areas are delimited across the country, and the ecological redline areas make up about 12.86% of the study area.

The protection and utilization of traditional villages is not only a major practical issue to realize China's rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization, but also a hot topic in the integration and cross-research of geography, sociology, planning, economics and other disciplines. In order to systematically explore the theoretical cognition, practical problems, system mechanism, practical experience and effective path of the protection and utilization of traditional villages in China, 11 experts in the research field of traditional villages were invited to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on the classification of Chinese traditional villages from three perspectives: policy change and typical model, macro mechanism and core theme, theoretical cognition and practical path, and focuses on specific practices such as industrial integration, landscape protection, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and locality, based on the theoretical understanding of the macro system and mechanism for the protection and utilization of Chinese traditional villages. Advanced theoretical and practical issues such as industrial integration, landscape protection, organic renewal, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and locality were discussed in depth. According to the main views of the experts, the protection and utilization of China's traditional villages in the new era should focus on: (1) The main problems of protection and utilization of Chinese traditional villages facing the impact of rapid urbanization and modernization, the innovation of mechanism and system, and the realization path. In view of the conflict between modern civilization and agricultural civilization faced by traditional Chinese villages and the major strategic needs for national rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization, the combination of "top-down" and "bottom-up" is adopted to build a diversified integration mechanism featuring multi-subject participation, organic integration of agriculture, culture and tourism, and overall coordination. By exploring the endogenous growth factors of traditional villages and the historical inheritance and cultural context of traditional villages, strengthening the leadership of rural grassroots party building, giving play to the role of villagers as the main body, reshaping the public cultural space system of traditional villages and all-round digital twin modeling, etc., we will create a living environment that is in line with modernization development and ecological civilization construction and jointly build a cultural map, to realize the transformation of traditional Chinese villages from "vegetable gardens" and "back gardens" to "spiritual homes". (2) Core themes and specific spatial practices of protection and utilization of traditional Chinese villages for rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization. Focus on the core themes of traditional village classification, industrial integration, organic renewal, landscape protection, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and local reconstruction, and strengthen the classification and classification of traditional villages based on the coupling of key factors such as "livelihood, water, food, energy and land"; focus on the significance, connotation and influence mechanism of the time dimension, space dimension and attribute dimension of traditional village industrial transformation; focus on the three tasks of "protection and development countermeasures, measures to improve people's livelihood, and strategies to activate utilization" to promote the organic renewal of traditional settlements; emphasis should be placed on the gene protection and inner spiritual value mining of traditional human settlement cultural landscape, the "living" protection and utilization of traditional living space and the "activation" of traditional cultural heritage; focus on the diversification of traditional village activities, "co-construction, co-governance and sharing" and the construction of beautiful villages; the importance of natural non-human elements and human beings as spatial order construction and place construction of traditional villages and their active practice are emphasized to promote the realization of multi-functionality and multi-value of traditional villages. Pay attention to the excavation of traditional cultural heritage and intensive and efficient material space, create a harmonious and comfortable social space and protect and inherit traditional culture space; focusing on rural elements such as "ecology, culture, subject, and industry", strengthening ecological background, inheriting and developing local culture, balancing capital advantages and local embeddedness among local and cross-local subjects, so as to realize local reconstruction and characteristic remodeling of traditional Chinese villages.

Climate change and human activities are the main influencing factors for vegetation cover change and their relative role in vegetation cover change has been the hot point in related researches. Spatial and temporal vegetation cover change in North China was analyzed using methods of trend analysis, residual analysis and relative role analysis based on the GIMMS NDVI and meteorological data from 1981 to 2006. At the same time, the relative role of climate change and human activities in the process of vegetation cover change of North China from 1981 to 2006 was assessed in this study. We found that the vegetation was recovering well in the whole North China. North China vegetation cover showed an increasing trend and its growth rate has been 0.009/10 a from 1981 to 2006. However, there was an obvious spatial distribution between regions and the proportion of the greening area (25.14%) was smaller than the proportion of the degraded area (27.77%), which indicated that the situation of ecological environment of North China was still not optimistic. The vegetation cover change in North China was correlated with aridity index and annual mean temperature. During the years from 1981 to 2006, the vegetation cover change in North China had a significantly negative correlation with aridity index (r=-0.682), and the correlation between the vegetation cover change and annual mean temperature was significantly positive (r=0.438), which meant that climate change was an important factor driving vegetation cover change. In addition, human activities were also important causes resulting in vegetation cover change. Human activities'roles were always overwhelmingly dominant in the increased area and the decreased area of vegetation cover in North China from 1981 to 2006. The role of human activities was larger than that of climate change in the increased area of vegetation cover (they were 68.10% and 31.90% separately), yet the role of human activities came up to 71.88% in the decreased area of vegetation cover, while the role of climate change amounted to 28.12%. Besides, the relative role of climate change and human activities varied at different spatial scales in the process of vegetation cover change of North China. In the increased area of vegetation cover, the areas mainly induced by human activities are distributed in the east of Hinggan League, Xilingol League, the west of Chifeng, Hetao Plain, the northwest of Shanxi Province and the south area of Hohhot and Baotou; however, the areas mainly induced by climate change included the south of Hebei Province and the vicinity of Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner. In the decreased area of vegetation cover, the areas mainly induced by human activities are widely distributed in the middle and northeast of Hebei Province, the north area of Baotou and Hohhot, the central-south of Hulun Buir, Alxa Left Banner and the vicinity of Wuhai; however, the areas mainly induced by climate change are sporadically distributed in the Alxa Right Banner and the vicinity of Manzhouli City.

The construction of the territorial spatial planning system has been fully carried out. The clear and detailed status map and data are an important basis for understanding the natural resources, and also an important support for the preparation of territorial spatial planning. However, the current land classification standards, data accuracy and application targets of the current territorial spatial data are not uniform. Based on remote sensing images, geographic conditions and Internet POI data, this paper studies one map of land and space status, synthesizes existing land classification standards and data accuracy, and constructs one map of territorial spatial planning status of Qingdao city. On this basis, the application direction of one map of territorial spatial planning is discussed, including the preliminary delimitation of "Production-Living-Ecological Space" in Qingdao city. The suitability of urban construction, the importance of ecological service function and the suitability of agricultural production were analyzed. The construction of one map of the status of territorial spatial planning plays an important role in defining the resource utilization cap and the environmental quality bottom line, standardizing the territorial spatial planning data, and supporting the preparation and management of territorial spatial planning.

"Three rural issues" (issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) is an important mainline of the CPC's centennial course of party building and China's urban-rural development. In order to solve the "three rural issues" in the New Era and promote the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, we hereby invite ten experts in the research field of "three rural issues" and rural revitalization research to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on three perspectives: Historical process and institutional context, urban-rural system and cross scale space, and the integration of policy theory, technical methods, and rural construction practice. It revolves three main lines: The strategic stage and institutional changes of "three rural issues", the essence of "three rural issues" and the ways to solve new "three rural issues", and the rural revitalization mechanism and rural construction practice. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The essence, key areas, and institutional mechanism innovation of the "three rural issues" in the context of spatio-temporal processes and institutional contexts. It is necessary to grasp the laws of "three rural" (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) and diagnose the "three rural issues" from the perspective of urban and rural regional systems and even the global perspective space. The "three rural issues" is an optimization decision-making problem for improving the functions of rural regional systems within the overall framework of urban and rural regional systems. The imbalance in urban-rural development and insufficient rural development are the concentrated reflection of the "three rural issues" in the New Era. The crux of the "three rural issues" lies in the uncoordinated development of "human, land, and industry". The core goal of China's "three rural issues" in the new development stage is to move towards the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas. The corresponding development system and working mechanism of "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" need to grasp the two "bottom lines", do a good job in the two "connections", and promote the two "integrations" in key areas such as national food security, farmers' livelihood development, modern agriculture and rural development, rural revitalization, and urban-rural integration development. (2) The theory of rural revitalization and the rural spatial planning under the requirements of urban-rural system interaction and people's common prosperity. The research and solution of China's "three rural issues" are rooted in the geographical theory of territorial system theory of human-environment interaction and location theory, the sector economy theory and the economic cycle theory, as well as the theory of development economics, sociological function theory and social conflict theories. In the research practice of the "three rural issues", land use transformation theory, rural reconstruction theory, rural development multi-body and multi-pole theory, interface theory, rural attraction theory, and rural sustainability have also been developed. The urban-rural integrated development and the common prosperity of the people should be the result of balanced regional development and Chinese path to modernization. The folk expression of "making rural life attractive" and the strategic goal of "basically realizing rural modernization by 2035" are mutually "exterior-interior" relationship, which can be comprehensively explained from the following three aspects: The spatio-temporal differences and path differentiation of rural settlement evolution and multi-functional transformation, and the phenomenon explanation of rural gentrification and the theoretical application of rural attraction in the context of urban-rural interaction, as well as the theoretical significance and practical path of rural modernization under the guidance of rural sustainability science. Improving local quality is an inherent requirement to meet the people's needs for a better life, and it is an essential requirement and general law of rural revitalization driven by innovation. As the edge of the national urban-rural system, rural areas face constraints such as segmentation, remoteness, low density, and insufficient heterogeneity dividends in improving local quality. Therefore, to improve local quality of rural areas, it is necessary to adapt to and alleviate the relative inefficiency of rural geography, and its important promotion paths include the characteristic development based on endowment, digital transformation and rural agglomeration centered around cities and towns. Guided by spatial planning and taking into account the integrated functional development of production-living-ecological spaces in rural areas, as well as the integration of urban and rural space through spatial planning, through promoting the quality of living space through comprehensive land improvement, assisting in the realization of multifunctional value in agricultural space through refined management, ensuring the sustainable use of ecological space through systematic protection and restoration, which is a solid foundation for rural revitalization and the construction of a new urban-rural relationship. (3) The path mechanism and technical support for the comprehensive rural revitalization and rural construction under the new needs of ecological civilization construction and governance modernization. Comprehensive rural revitalization requires the revitalization of industries, the reform of land, the development of human well-being, and the intelligent updating of technology. First, the essence of operating rural areas is the rational allocation of resources as the object of factors. It is necessary to integrate the high-quality development of agriculture with the high-quality and livable rural areas, promote the interaction and integration of urban and rural systems, actively link natural science, engineering technology innovation, and institutional innovation from the perspective of the big food concept, and implement food safety and important agricultural product supply security. Second, facing the new demand of rural sustainable development and governance modernization, we should innovate the property right governance integration mechanism of rural land system, especially actively build a rural green development mechanism with farmers' participation and an external benefit sharing mechanism of ecological environment governance. Third, it is urgent to break through the barriers that farmers share the gains from the appreciation of rural assets, fill the gap between small farmers and modern agriculture, and establish a concept of county governance that meets the needs of Chinese path to modernization. Fourth, rural construction is an organic combination of the governance of public spaces by the state and the daily life practices of farmers. Through the theory and technology of "computational" rural areas, effective connection and information sharing between the state and rural areas can be achieved, promoting coordinated development from micro to macro, and from local to whole. And we should achieve the aim of building livable, suitable for work, and beautiful rural areas, through multi-level main body co-construction, co-governance, and management. To sum up, the interview views can provide theoretical reference and decision-making reference for the "three rural issues" work innovation and rural revitalization practice towards Chinese path to modernization.

The county is the key field to realize the urban-rural integrated development, and the homestead system reform is the important starting point to promote the urban-rural integration at county level. In this paper, we intend to explore the internal connections between the county urban-rural integration and homestead system reform, analyze the mechanism of the homestead system reform promoting county urban-rural integration, and propose the corresponding reform path. The results indicate that: (1) The core of the county urban-rural integrated development is the free and equal flow of urban and rural factors and the profound integration of functions and the equalization of rights and interests. In addition, it is the basic driving force for county urban-rural integrated development to clarify the property right structure of rural land elements and encourage the optimal combination of "people-land-money" elements. (2) Currently, for the homestead system reform, "housing for all households" is the premise, "separation of three rights" is the foundation and "saving and intensive use" and "realization of property functions" are the orientation. The three rural spaces can be orderly adjusted through the withdrawal and arrangement of idle homesteads, so as to support the improvement on the rural infrastructure and public service facilities, and promote the optimization and reconstruction of rural space. The moderately released right of use can promote the development of rural industries as well as the urban-rural cultural exchanges, force the rural governance to be modernized, and push the multi-dimensional integrated development of urban and rural areas at county level. (3) To fulfill the demand of county urban-rural integrated development, we must first clarify the main direction of the homestead system reform in different counties and the reason for the reform of homestead system. Secondly, it is the main focus of the reform of homestead system to improve the marketization allocation level of homestead as a land element and increase its flowability. Third, in the context of digital rural construction, the homestead information management platform can be built with the up-to-date information technology, trying to raise the homestead management level, and provide support for the homestead system reform. Finally, taking the homestead system reform as a breakthrough, we should link various county urban-rural integration policies in combination with measures such as capital introduction and talent guarantee, and form an overall effect, which is the key to promote the multi-dimensional integration of county urban-rural development.

辽宁是中国北方海洋资源丰富的省区，既有海洋生物、海水化学、海洋能源等狭义的海洋资源，又有港湾、海洋交通运输航线、海洋旅游景观、滨海浴场和海洋空间等广义的海洋资源。论文对辽宁海洋资源的数量、空间分布特征等进行评述，并计算了辽宁沿海各个地区的海洋资源丰度。随着对海洋资源的开发利用，辽宁主要海洋产品的产量逐年增长，论文重点探讨了经济增长与资源产出（产品）的关系，据此计算了辽宁沿海各地的海洋经济资源丰裕度指数。通过海洋资源丰度和海洋资源丰裕度指数两个指标的对比，既反映出各个地区海洋资源与地区经济发展的差异状况，而且海洋资源丰度和海洋资源丰裕度指数这两个指标在地区排列顺序上完全一致，充分说明了海洋资源在地区经济发展中的基础作用。

The land consolidation in rural residential areas is a core issue of land regulation planning. The purpose of this study is to scientifically calculate realistic potential and formulate suitable strategy of land consolidation in rural residential areas for 18 towns in Suixian County based on public policy, households’willingness and establishment of a natural-economic-social-ecological-planning comprehensive correction index system. Methods of questionnaire investigations and multi-factor assessment method were employed. The results indicate: 1) The comprehensive modification coefficients lie between 5.15%-9.84%, which show that the possibility of theoretical potential translated into realistic has great regional difference. 2) The realistic potential of land consolidation in rural residential areas is 2035.23 hm² in Suixian County from 2011 to 2020, which accounts for 17.80% of the theoretical potential and occupies 10.01% of rural residential area. The calculation results are in line with the actual situation of Suixian County and the requirement of land use planning. 3) According to the realistic potential coefficient, the 18 towns can be divided into 4 levels. The potential coefficient of level I area is above 11%, which have larger per capita land use, superior location, developed socio-economy, high enthusiasm of government and farmers. The demonstration area can be priority established in towns with great potential, which also should be done on the basis of social and economic infrastructure and development strategies of each town. And the land consolidation mode should be innovated and land consolidation in rural residential areas should be orderly improved. It is concluded that the calculation method and consolidation strategy are of scientificness and practicality to a certain degree, and can provide a more effective basis and reference for a new round of land consolidation in rural residential areas.

Under the mission of the new era, guiding the development of rural tourism resources with the goal of common prosperity has the dual significance of enhancing the value of resources and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization. According to the logic of "development of rural tourism resources-realization of the common prosperity of rural farmers-attainment of material and spiritual prosperity of the entire society", this paper identifies the relationship between the development of rural tourism resources and common prosperity and clarifies the realistic predicament and the existing gap in achieving common prosperity. It is found that both traditional rural tourist destinations oriented by local resources and modern rural tourist destinations oriented by high-standard services are actively excavating advantageous resources and improving supporting facilities so as to adapt to market transformation. Meanwhile, two major characteristics are reflected: first, the participants of rural tourism resources have diversified cooperation, and the development mode is becoming mature; second, rural tourism has made outstanding contributions in helping reduce poverty, promoting social equity and satisfying spiritual and cultural needs, which fully fits the process of common prosperity. However, there is still a large gap between the development of rural tourism resources and the goal of common prosperity. In particular, different regions and different groups have multiple gaps in the efficiency, level and ability of development, which leads to the lack of extensive, in-depth and thorough solutions to contradictions between the unbalanced development of rural areas and the farmers' needs for a better life. Based on the the principle of "high-quality development of rural tourism, integrated development of urban and rural areas, and all-round development of people", this paper constructs an innovative path of rural tourism resources, which is composed of "effective development, collaborative development and sustainable development" to promote the high-quality transformation and development of China's rural tourism industry and help achieve common prosperity.

Since the 21st century, China's rural social and economic development and infrastructure construction have attained remarkable achievements, but the imbalance between urban and rural development and inadequate rural development are still prominent. In particular, the living environment closely related to rural life is still the short board of rural development. At the beginning of 2018, the central government issued the three-year action plan for rural living environment improvement (RLEI) to focus on improving the rural living environment, building a beautiful and livable village, and pursuing the Rural Revitalization Strategy. This paper analyzes the concept and connotation of RLEI, explains the mechanism of RLEI promoting rural revitalization, combs the mode and mechanism, effect and evaluation of RLEI, and discusses the key areas of strengthening the research of RLEI. The science of rural living environment has developed rapidly in the past 10 years, and has made remarkable progress in basic theory, evolution mechanism, quality evaluation, regulation and control strategy, especially in the research of basic theory, evolution mechanism and quality evaluation. However, there are still obvious deficiencies in the guidance and support of the current research for practice, and there are still some misunderstandings in the practice of local specific RLEI. Facing the strategic needs of rural revitalization, we need to form "eight consensus" in the understanding and practice of RLEI in the new era. In terms of research, we should strengthen the intersection and integration of rural geography and engineering technology science, urban and rural planning science, management science, sociology, etc., and strive to form a systematic research system integrating theoretical research, technological development, mechanism analysis, effectiveness evaluation, and model optimization, which can better support the improvement of rural living environment and realize the function and value enhancement of rural areas, and then effectively contribute to the Rural Revitalization Strategy.

Recently, research on food loss and foodwaste and the related environmental impacts has increased globally. Food loss and food waste occur in all aspects of the food supply chain from farm to table. A better understanding of the scales and trends of food loss and food waste is very important for any mitigation strategies. The food waste reflects directly the civilization of a society, and we need to understand the causes and consequences of food waste from multiple perspectives. Addressing food loss and food waste issue requires a wide range of actions from reducing, to promoting a healthy diet culture, learning from international experience, and building intelligent food systems.

Human induced greenhouse effects and their impacts on global climate change and eco environments,especially the responses of forests to global climate change,have aroused interests of many scientists.In this paper,the potential effects of future climate change on forest ecosystem structure,species composition,tree and forest distribution and productivity are discussed systematically.In the meanwhile,the fields that must be further studied are advanced.

Resource and environment carrying capacity is the scientific basis and developing constraints of spatial planning. This paper combs the development of the concept, theory and practical application of carrying capacity, and points out the existing problems in research and application, such as concept's obscurity boundary, evaluation biased index calculation, and insufficient research on carrying capacity transmission mechanism. The reform of the spatial planning system and the changes in production modes, lifestyles and development modes in the new era have put forward new demands on spatial planning. It is necessary to explore and innovate the carrying capacity evaluation which is supporting the spatial planning: (1) Further clarify the conceptual connotation of carrying capacity and form a concept set; (2) Study the internal mechanism of carrying capacity and clarify the formation mechanism of carrying capacity; (3) Construct a multi-space scale, multi-evaluation unit's carrying capacity evaluation system to meet the needs of multi-level spatial planning. In practice, it should provide a scientific basis for determining the main indicators and main tasks of spatial planning according to spatial planning and spatial governance changes, supporting new goals of spatial planning, adapting to new modes of spatial governance, and taking new approaches to spatial governance.

External costs of coal resources exploitation include user cost and environment cost. The paper used user cost approach to estimate the user cost of coal resource exploitation in Xinjiang from 2003 to 2012, and compared it with payable resource taxes. It adopted market value method and restoration expenditure method to estimate the ecological environment cost of coal resources exploitation of Xinjiang in 2012, and compared it with the payable ecological and environmental fee. It was found that the levy of coal resource tax from the amount couldn 't effectively compensate for the coal resource depletion in Xinjiang. It appeared significant intergenerational externalities. However, using ad valorem tax approach was able to effectively compensate it. The compensation rate of coal exploitation ecological environment costs was 29.6%, which couldn 't effectively compensate for the loss of value of ecological environment for coal exploitation. The study found that the existing standard of coal resources tax in Xinjiang couldn 't completely solve the problem of externalities of coal exploitation. Moreover, in the situation of “instead of fee with tax”, coal resource tax rate set at 6% was slightly lower. Finally, it was suggested that local governments should set the reasonable coal resources tax rate at different reform stages. China should establish ecological compensation mechanism as soon as possible, be timely for environmental tax reform, and improve the accounting system of coal resources price.

Based on the international soybean trade relationship matrix for six time sections from 1995 to 2020, this paper identified the telecoupling system of soybean trade and the direction and the intensity of trade flow with the help of social network analysis from the perspective of telecoupling, and analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the international soybean trade network. The results show that: (1) The international soybean trade is becoming more and more widely linked by telecoupling, but the whole is in a weakly connected state. And the network cohesiveness and connectivity are increasing with certain characteristics of a small-world structure. (2) Soybean sending systems are concentrated in a few American countries, soybean receiving systems are numerous and mainly distributed in the Eastern Hemisphere, and developing countries such as India and South Africa have prominent spillover effects as trade intermediary points. With China, Brazil and the United States as the absolute core, the international soybean trade network shows an obvious polarized structure. (3) The cohesive subgroups of the soybean trade network show a spatial evolution of structure from a fragmented collection of small areas to a geopolitical agglomeration of large areas. (4) Geographical distance, manufacturing development level and soybean production area are the core driving factors of soybean trade network evolution. Soybean production area has a significant positive effect on trade volume, and geographical distance has a significant negative effect on trade relationship. However, in the weighted network, the influence of geographical distance is positive, which means that the coupling effect between long-distance systems with complementarity is stronger. (5) There is a positive relationship between soybean expansion area and forest loss area in some trading countries, especially in South American exporters such as Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia. Soybean trade transfers the pressure of resources and environment from many importers in Asia and Europe to a few exporters in South America.