The rural revitalization, as a national strategy in the new era, puts forward the requirements and goals of the thriving industry, pleasant living environments, social etiquette and civility, effective governance and prosperity. China is a country with a vast territory, marked by regional differences in resource and economic development levels. What's more, rural areas are complex, diverse, and have many problems. Rural revitalization is a systematic project with comprehensive, complex and regional characteristics. Sixteen young scholars in the field of rural geography across the country have conducted in-depth discussions and reflections on the scientific path of rural revitalization in China. The core points are as follows: (1) In accordance with the law of time-space distribution, we should fully understand the connection between the historical basis of rural development and the practical needs, establish a theoretical and technical system that highlights regional characteristics and has operability, and promote the transformation of rural residential environment, industrial system and governance mode in a classified and orderly manner. (2) Rural revitalization strives for the integration between urban and rural areas to build a compound multi-center network system, which breaks through the village and town systems of traditional linear "central place", and innovate the spatial organization mode of "village cluster". Rural endogenous force, urban radiation force and planning binding force jointly drive rural revitalization. (3) The agriculture has multiple functions such as food safety, social stability, and ecological products. Its development needs to create the whole value chain of agriculture to promote the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. (4) In energy-rich areas, we should fundamentally solve the problem of unbalanced and inadequate rural development under the premise of ensuring the national energy security demand. In Southwest China, we should take advantage of ecology and human resources to build a modern agricultural industry system, remodel the brand of rural tourism, and build landscape rural homes. In Northeast China, rural revitalization must proceed in an orderly and classified way in the process of synergistic promotion of the "northeast revitalization" strategy. In the Yangtze River Delta region, it is necessary to cognize the evolutionary stages from rural industrialization to rural urbanization, and then to rural characteristics with more and more emphasis on the social, cultural and ecological construction of rural areas, seeking a scientific path of rural revitalization. In Northwest China, we propose to effectively improve the ability of "independent poverty alleviation" in rural areas under the premise of ecological protection, and realize the transformation from "transfusing blood" to "producing blood". In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, oriented by equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, we will promote the development of urban-rural integration and rural revitalization. In resource-oriented areas, rural industries will replace the industrial system formed around resource exploitation with an efficient agricultural system integrating primary, secondary and tertiary industries. In traditional agricultural areas, it is necessary to optimize the coupling pattern between farmland use transformation and rural labor structure change, which is an important means to achieve rural revitalization. In economically developed areas, villages with "mixed" characteristics need to activate the assets and capital attributes of rural land resources, promote the integration and activation of spatial order, and comprehensively explore the modern rural governance mode with the participation of multiple subjects.

Ecosystem service value is the base of decision-making for ecological protection, ecological regionalization and ecological compensation, and it appears the dynamic spatio-temporal changes which are closely connected with the variations of ecological structure and function. However, it is still lack of a universal and integrated dynamic evaluation method for ecosystem service value in China. Based on literature survey, expert knowledge, statistical data and remote sensing data, using model simulations and GIS spatial analysis method, this paper modified and developed the method for evaluating the value equivalent factor in unit area, and proposed an integrated method for dynamic evaluation on Chinese terrestrial ecosystem service value. This method can realize the comprehensive and dynamic assessment of ecosystem service value for 11 service types of 14 different types of terrestrial ecosystem at monthly and provincial scales in China. The preliminary application indicated that the total ecosystem service value was 38.1×10¹² yuan in 2010, in which the value from forest ecosystem was the highest, accounting for about 46%, followed by water body and grassland. Among different ecosystem service types, the contribution from regulation function was the highest, especially the values from hydrological regulation and atmospheric regulation which accounted for about 39.3% and 18.0% of total service value, respectively. Moreover, ecosystem service value presented apparent spatio-temporal patterns in China. Spatially, the ecosystem service value decreased from southeast to northwest and the highest value appeared in southeastern and southwestern regions. Temporally, the ecosystem service value for most of the ecosystems attained the peak in July and reached the trough during December and January except desert, barren and glacier ecosystem. Generally, although this established method still needs to be developed and optimized, it is the first to provide a relatively comprehensive approach for the spatio-temporal dynamic evaluation of ecosystem service value in China, which will be helpful to the scientific decision-making on natural capital rating and ecological compensation.

The construction of the territorial spatial planning system has been fully carried out. The clear and detailed status map and data are an important basis for understanding the natural resources, and also an important support for the preparation of territorial spatial planning. However, the current land classification standards, data accuracy and application targets of the current territorial spatial data are not uniform. Based on remote sensing images, geographic conditions and Internet POI data, this paper studies one map of land and space status, synthesizes existing land classification standards and data accuracy, and constructs one map of territorial spatial planning status of Qingdao city. On this basis, the application direction of one map of territorial spatial planning is discussed, including the preliminary delimitation of "Production-Living-Ecological Space" in Qingdao city. The suitability of urban construction, the importance of ecological service function and the suitability of agricultural production were analyzed. The construction of one map of the status of territorial spatial planning plays an important role in defining the resource utilization cap and the environmental quality bottom line, standardizing the territorial spatial planning data, and supporting the preparation and management of territorial spatial planning.

The world is undergoing tremendous changes, and food security is encountering major challenges in China and even the world. In order to systematically study globalization and explore its new patterns, new issues and new paths for food security, we interviewed ten distinguished professors from different fields and discussed hot topics, including the potential for increasing farmland production, agricultural water and soil resources and food production, food waste, international agricultural product trade, stable supply of key agricultural product, global agricultural food system, dual circulation pattern and corporate actions, global food production and consumption, international food security governance, and cutting-edge research on food safety. The result shows that the global agricultural food system has entered an era of complexity and high risk. International food security governance is facing challenges in terms of resources, binding force and action power. We are facing an increasing pressure of import dependent agricultural products to ensure stable supply. It is necessary to deepen supply-side reform and strengthen demand-side management so as to guarantee national food security. New changes have taken place in globalization. This will test China's ability to deepen agricultural opening-up, participate in global food security governance, and achieve national food security. In the face of complex international and domestic situations, for better national food security governance, it is necessary to adhere to system thinking and coordinate domestic and international markets. It is also very important to target the entire industry chain, emphasize risk control, and handle the relationship between the government and the market. Furthermore, researchers need to explore the internal relationships and specific mechanisms between food security and other important issues, such as food systems, ecosystems, high-quality development goals, agricultural opening-up, and new dual-circulation development patterns. This could provide a scientific reference for establishing and improving the national food security strategy of "featuring self-sufficiency based on domestic grain production, guaranteed food production capacity, moderate imports, and technological support" in the New Era.

To develop the marine economy and build a strong marine country, we need to care about, understand and manage the ocean from the perspective of national strategy. In order to systematically understand China's marine resource economy and strategy under the background of marine ecological civilization construction, nine well-known experts from marine-related fields were invited to discuss marine ecological civilization construction, marine land space planning, marine ecological pasture construction, and coastal ecological restoration. They conducted exchanges and interviews in frontier research fields such as marine strategic emerging industries, marine science and technology development, deep-sea mineral resources development, marine geopolitics, and China's participation in global ocean governance. According to their interviews: (1) The construction of marine ecological civilization is an important part of the construction of a powerful marine country. In the construction of marine ecological civilization, we should clarify the goal of building a beautiful ocean, master the methods of marine ecosystems, adhere to the major strategy of coordinating land and sea, and build an institutional system for marine ecological civilization. (2) National marine space planning should integrate existing sea-related plans, rationally develop, utilize and protect marine resources, innovate planning technologies and planning governance concepts, and strengthen marine space control indicators, marine space development capabilities, and local characteristic mechanisms for marine space governance, etc. (3) The construction of marine ranches should focus on the industrial chain and promote the construction of "all-for-one" marine ranches; strengthen the original drive, build an "all-for-all" marine ranch technology system; advocate integrated development and cultivate new "all-for-one" marine ranches. (4) Coastal ecological restoration based on "natural restoration" emphasizes the use of technologies to optimize the spatial layout and resource management of land-ocean staggered areas, fully consider the process and mechanism of natural restoration of coastal ecosystems, and improve the efficiency of ecological restoration. (5) The development of marine strategic emerging industries should grasp the general trend of the digital economy, focus on the development of intelligent manufacturing, accelerate the upgrading of the industrial structure, adhere to green and low-carbon development, and actively connect with regional strategies. (6) The key tasks for the future development of marine science and technology are to focus on the new strategic fields of deep sea and polar regions, improve the real-time fine observation and forecasting capabilities of key sea areas, focus on the intensive use of marine resources and energy, and strengthen the research and development of key core technologies of marine engineering equipment. (7) In the development of deep-sea mineral resources, it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation, carry out multidisciplinary investigation, long-term monitoring, enhance the research and development level of deep-sea development technology, evaluate the environmental impact of deep-sea mining, reduce the disturbance of the deep-sea development process to the marine environment, and realize deep-sea mining and deep-sea environmental protection coordinated development. (8) China should implement a spatially differentiated and targeted marine geostrategy to serve the unification of the motherland, the maintenance of marine rights and interests and the utilization of marine resources, and the safety of marine transportation and ecological environment, so as to ultimately serve the construction of a community with a shared future for the ocean. (9) We should implement the "going out" strategy of China's marine spatial planning technology, actively promote the strategy of building a "node network system" in China's overseas parks, and implement the talent training and training strategy for the needs of the Belt and Road Initiative, in order to provide necessary space fulcrum and technical support for global marine governance.

Water resources serve as the material base of the existence and development of human beings.It is a huge complicated system involving population,economy,society and environment.Water resources and water cycle are the keys in the system.Based on the summarization of the water resources concept and its attribute of nature,economy and society,this paper discusses the relationships between water resources and water cycle,water-balance structure,population,economy,society and environment in details.The paper also emphasizes the interactions of water cycle and water balance,water resources utilization and evaluation,economic activity,and water resources carrying capacity.Given an example of the Yellow River valley,the paper states that there is a closer relationship between water resources,population,economy,society and environment.The author gives a definite concept and connotation of water resources carrying capacity on the base of summing up the former studies.Summarizing the model system of water resources carrying capacity,the author also points out that it is very essential to use the system to depict the complex relationship between water resources and other four aspects,namely population,economy,society and environment.Considering the problem from the viewpoint of the regional sustainable development and alleviating the benefit conflict of distribution of water resources,we should clarify the following aspects:water demands for ecological environment,including rivers,animals,plants and land;water demands for population and social-economic development;and water environment capacity that can tolerate certain amount of pollutants.So,in order to promote the sustainable development of population,economy,society and environment,it is of great significance to simulate and predict the evolvement of the huge complex system with the combination of remote sensing,GIS and modern math theory,seek a reasonable allocation of water resources carrying capacity,and study the enhanced module of water resources carrying capacity.

With the deepening understanding of the Scientific Outlook on Development, the coupling coordination degree model has become an effective evaluation and research tool for the regional overall balanced development. However, for this model, there are four types of misuses, including writing errors, coefficients loss, weight misuses and model failures, which have significantly affected the scientific nature of academic research. Therefore, this study firstly clarified the normative formula of the traditional coupling coordination degree model. On the basis of discussing the validity of the traditional model in the field of social science research, this study further proposed a modified model of coupling degree. In addition, the coupling coordination degree model has three reliability issues: the subjectivity of index construction, and the volatility and incomparability of coupling results. Taking the ecological and economic system of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as an example, we proved that the modified coupling coordination degree model has better validity, and the spatial and temporal changes of the research object will affect the reliability of the coupled coordination model.

Recently, research on food loss and foodwaste and the related environmental impacts has increased globally. Food loss and food waste occur in all aspects of the food supply chain from farm to table. A better understanding of the scales and trends of food loss and food waste is very important for any mitigation strategies. The food waste reflects directly the civilization of a society, and we need to understand the causes and consequences of food waste from multiple perspectives. Addressing food loss and food waste issue requires a wide range of actions from reducing, to promoting a healthy diet culture, learning from international experience, and building intelligent food systems.

"Three rural issues" (issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) is an important mainline of the CPC's centennial course of party building and China's urban-rural development. In order to solve the "three rural issues" in the New Era and promote the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, we hereby invite ten experts in the research field of "three rural issues" and rural revitalization research to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on three perspectives: Historical process and institutional context, urban-rural system and cross scale space, and the integration of policy theory, technical methods, and rural construction practice. It revolves three main lines: The strategic stage and institutional changes of "three rural issues", the essence of "three rural issues" and the ways to solve new "three rural issues", and the rural revitalization mechanism and rural construction practice. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The essence, key areas, and institutional mechanism innovation of the "three rural issues" in the context of spatio-temporal processes and institutional contexts. It is necessary to grasp the laws of "three rural" (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) and diagnose the "three rural issues" from the perspective of urban and rural regional systems and even the global perspective space. The "three rural issues" is an optimization decision-making problem for improving the functions of rural regional systems within the overall framework of urban and rural regional systems. The imbalance in urban-rural development and insufficient rural development are the concentrated reflection of the "three rural issues" in the New Era. The crux of the "three rural issues" lies in the uncoordinated development of "human, land, and industry". The core goal of China's "three rural issues" in the new development stage is to move towards the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas. The corresponding development system and working mechanism of "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" need to grasp the two "bottom lines", do a good job in the two "connections", and promote the two "integrations" in key areas such as national food security, farmers' livelihood development, modern agriculture and rural development, rural revitalization, and urban-rural integration development. (2) The theory of rural revitalization and the rural spatial planning under the requirements of urban-rural system interaction and people's common prosperity. The research and solution of China's "three rural issues" are rooted in the geographical theory of territorial system theory of human-environment interaction and location theory, the sector economy theory and the economic cycle theory, as well as the theory of development economics, sociological function theory and social conflict theories. In the research practice of the "three rural issues", land use transformation theory, rural reconstruction theory, rural development multi-body and multi-pole theory, interface theory, rural attraction theory, and rural sustainability have also been developed. The urban-rural integrated development and the common prosperity of the people should be the result of balanced regional development and Chinese path to modernization. The folk expression of "making rural life attractive" and the strategic goal of "basically realizing rural modernization by 2035" are mutually "exterior-interior" relationship, which can be comprehensively explained from the following three aspects: The spatio-temporal differences and path differentiation of rural settlement evolution and multi-functional transformation, and the phenomenon explanation of rural gentrification and the theoretical application of rural attraction in the context of urban-rural interaction, as well as the theoretical significance and practical path of rural modernization under the guidance of rural sustainability science. Improving local quality is an inherent requirement to meet the people's needs for a better life, and it is an essential requirement and general law of rural revitalization driven by innovation. As the edge of the national urban-rural system, rural areas face constraints such as segmentation, remoteness, low density, and insufficient heterogeneity dividends in improving local quality. Therefore, to improve local quality of rural areas, it is necessary to adapt to and alleviate the relative inefficiency of rural geography, and its important promotion paths include the characteristic development based on endowment, digital transformation and rural agglomeration centered around cities and towns. Guided by spatial planning and taking into account the integrated functional development of production-living-ecological spaces in rural areas, as well as the integration of urban and rural space through spatial planning, through promoting the quality of living space through comprehensive land improvement, assisting in the realization of multifunctional value in agricultural space through refined management, ensuring the sustainable use of ecological space through systematic protection and restoration, which is a solid foundation for rural revitalization and the construction of a new urban-rural relationship. (3) The path mechanism and technical support for the comprehensive rural revitalization and rural construction under the new needs of ecological civilization construction and governance modernization. Comprehensive rural revitalization requires the revitalization of industries, the reform of land, the development of human well-being, and the intelligent updating of technology. First, the essence of operating rural areas is the rational allocation of resources as the object of factors. It is necessary to integrate the high-quality development of agriculture with the high-quality and livable rural areas, promote the interaction and integration of urban and rural systems, actively link natural science, engineering technology innovation, and institutional innovation from the perspective of the big food concept, and implement food safety and important agricultural product supply security. Second, facing the new demand of rural sustainable development and governance modernization, we should innovate the property right governance integration mechanism of rural land system, especially actively build a rural green development mechanism with farmers' participation and an external benefit sharing mechanism of ecological environment governance. Third, it is urgent to break through the barriers that farmers share the gains from the appreciation of rural assets, fill the gap between small farmers and modern agriculture, and establish a concept of county governance that meets the needs of Chinese path to modernization. Fourth, rural construction is an organic combination of the governance of public spaces by the state and the daily life practices of farmers. Through the theory and technology of "computational" rural areas, effective connection and information sharing between the state and rural areas can be achieved, promoting coordinated development from micro to macro, and from local to whole. And we should achieve the aim of building livable, suitable for work, and beautiful rural areas, through multi-level main body co-construction, co-governance, and management. To sum up, the interview views can provide theoretical reference and decision-making reference for the "three rural issues" work innovation and rural revitalization practice towards Chinese path to modernization.

Resource and environment carrying capacity is the scientific basis and developing constraints of spatial planning. This paper combs the development of the concept, theory and practical application of carrying capacity, and points out the existing problems in research and application, such as concept's obscurity boundary, evaluation biased index calculation, and insufficient research on carrying capacity transmission mechanism. The reform of the spatial planning system and the changes in production modes, lifestyles and development modes in the new era have put forward new demands on spatial planning. It is necessary to explore and innovate the carrying capacity evaluation which is supporting the spatial planning: (1) Further clarify the conceptual connotation of carrying capacity and form a concept set; (2) Study the internal mechanism of carrying capacity and clarify the formation mechanism of carrying capacity; (3) Construct a multi-space scale, multi-evaluation unit's carrying capacity evaluation system to meet the needs of multi-level spatial planning. In practice, it should provide a scientific basis for determining the main indicators and main tasks of spatial planning according to spatial planning and spatial governance changes, supporting new goals of spatial planning, adapting to new modes of spatial governance, and taking new approaches to spatial governance.

Human induced greenhouse effects and their impacts on global climate change and eco environments,especially the responses of forests to global climate change,have aroused interests of many scientists.In this paper,the potential effects of future climate change on forest ecosystem structure,species composition,tree and forest distribution and productivity are discussed systematically.In the meanwhile,the fields that must be further studied are advanced.

In the era of digital economy, the tourism development model based on traditional natural and human resources can no longer effectively meet the diversified and personalized needs of tourists. Some non-traditional tourism resources in digital platforms have attracted a large amount of attention capital and converted into tourism flows, which greatly expands the content and boundaries of tourism resources. The emergence of the flow economy has not only profoundly affected the development model of tourism, but also posed new challenges to the theory and practice of tourism resource development. Interviews show that: First, the formation of the flow economy is not a coincidental phenomenon; although the spread of flow leads to the expansion of attention capital scale and drives tourism development, the core of tourism development lies in tourism resource endowment, tourism service quality, government support and guarantee, etc. Second, the flow economy drives the recombination, agglomeration and diffusion of tourism supply and demand factors, and quickly caters to the individual needs of tourists, while whether the tourism industry can adjust its service supply capacity in response to changes in tourist demand becomes the key path and mechanism for the flow economy to promote tourism development. Third, in order to promote the flow economy to empower the high-quality development of tourism, it is necessary to combine effective market and active government, and to establish the brand of tourism. We can also make full use of the spatial effect of the flow economy to promote the collaborative development of regional tourism. Finally, after the tourism boom triggered by the flow economy, it is also necessary to calmly consider the mismatch of resources, negative environmental effects, cultural conflicts and contradictions between short-term hotspots and long-term investment. Only in this way can tourist destinations follow a sustainable development path.

The protection and utilization of traditional villages is not only a major practical issue to realize China's rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization, but also a hot topic in the integration and cross-research of geography, sociology, planning, economics and other disciplines. In order to systematically explore the theoretical cognition, practical problems, system mechanism, practical experience and effective path of the protection and utilization of traditional villages in China, 11 experts in the research field of traditional villages were invited to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on the classification of Chinese traditional villages from three perspectives: policy change and typical model, macro mechanism and core theme, theoretical cognition and practical path, and focuses on specific practices such as industrial integration, landscape protection, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and locality, based on the theoretical understanding of the macro system and mechanism for the protection and utilization of Chinese traditional villages. Advanced theoretical and practical issues such as industrial integration, landscape protection, organic renewal, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and locality were discussed in depth. According to the main views of the experts, the protection and utilization of China's traditional villages in the new era should focus on: (1) The main problems of protection and utilization of Chinese traditional villages facing the impact of rapid urbanization and modernization, the innovation of mechanism and system, and the realization path. In view of the conflict between modern civilization and agricultural civilization faced by traditional Chinese villages and the major strategic needs for national rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization, the combination of "top-down" and "bottom-up" is adopted to build a diversified integration mechanism featuring multi-subject participation, organic integration of agriculture, culture and tourism, and overall coordination. By exploring the endogenous growth factors of traditional villages and the historical inheritance and cultural context of traditional villages, strengthening the leadership of rural grassroots party building, giving play to the role of villagers as the main body, reshaping the public cultural space system of traditional villages and all-round digital twin modeling, etc., we will create a living environment that is in line with modernization development and ecological civilization construction and jointly build a cultural map, to realize the transformation of traditional Chinese villages from "vegetable gardens" and "back gardens" to "spiritual homes". (2) Core themes and specific spatial practices of protection and utilization of traditional Chinese villages for rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization. Focus on the core themes of traditional village classification, industrial integration, organic renewal, landscape protection, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and local reconstruction, and strengthen the classification and classification of traditional villages based on the coupling of key factors such as "livelihood, water, food, energy and land"; focus on the significance, connotation and influence mechanism of the time dimension, space dimension and attribute dimension of traditional village industrial transformation; focus on the three tasks of "protection and development countermeasures, measures to improve people's livelihood, and strategies to activate utilization" to promote the organic renewal of traditional settlements; emphasis should be placed on the gene protection and inner spiritual value mining of traditional human settlement cultural landscape, the "living" protection and utilization of traditional living space and the "activation" of traditional cultural heritage; focus on the diversification of traditional village activities, "co-construction, co-governance and sharing" and the construction of beautiful villages; the importance of natural non-human elements and human beings as spatial order construction and place construction of traditional villages and their active practice are emphasized to promote the realization of multi-functionality and multi-value of traditional villages. Pay attention to the excavation of traditional cultural heritage and intensive and efficient material space, create a harmonious and comfortable social space and protect and inherit traditional culture space; focusing on rural elements such as "ecology, culture, subject, and industry", strengthening ecological background, inheriting and developing local culture, balancing capital advantages and local embeddedness among local and cross-local subjects, so as to realize local reconstruction and characteristic remodeling of traditional Chinese villages.

Under the mission of the new era, guiding the development of rural tourism resources with the goal of common prosperity has the dual significance of enhancing the value of resources and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization. According to the logic of "development of rural tourism resources-realization of the common prosperity of rural farmers-attainment of material and spiritual prosperity of the entire society", this paper identifies the relationship between the development of rural tourism resources and common prosperity and clarifies the realistic predicament and the existing gap in achieving common prosperity. It is found that both traditional rural tourist destinations oriented by local resources and modern rural tourist destinations oriented by high-standard services are actively excavating advantageous resources and improving supporting facilities so as to adapt to market transformation. Meanwhile, two major characteristics are reflected: first, the participants of rural tourism resources have diversified cooperation, and the development mode is becoming mature; second, rural tourism has made outstanding contributions in helping reduce poverty, promoting social equity and satisfying spiritual and cultural needs, which fully fits the process of common prosperity. However, there is still a large gap between the development of rural tourism resources and the goal of common prosperity. In particular, different regions and different groups have multiple gaps in the efficiency, level and ability of development, which leads to the lack of extensive, in-depth and thorough solutions to contradictions between the unbalanced development of rural areas and the farmers' needs for a better life. Based on the the principle of "high-quality development of rural tourism, integrated development of urban and rural areas, and all-round development of people", this paper constructs an innovative path of rural tourism resources, which is composed of "effective development, collaborative development and sustainable development" to promote the high-quality transformation and development of China's rural tourism industry and help achieve common prosperity.

The Communist Party of China's 19^th National Congress Report has clearly set the goal of "smart society" and put forward new requirements for the current development of territorial spatial planning. Nowadays, the empowerment of information technology based on the Internet, big data, cloud computing, etc. is the main driving force and development focus of the current practices of smart territorial spatial planning. How to understand and promote the development of smart society is the foundation of the compilation and implementation of smart territorial spatial planning. This paper emphasizes the importance of human-land relationship and the theory of urban life organism to the planning and governance of territory in a smart society. It points out that the overall conceptualization of smart territorial spatial planning should be transformed from informational empowerment to comprehensive empowerment, which includes technological empowerment and innovative empowerment. The paper constructs a smart territorial spatial planning framework-EPTI-based on the ideas of ecological civilization, people-oriented, technology integration application and institutional innovation, and discusses the paths toward smart compilation and implementation of territorial spatial planning.

With the continuously strengthening complexity and systematization of its evaluation objects, life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology has gradually developed into three categories, including process based LCA (PLCA), economic input-output LCA (EIO-LCA) and hybrid LCA. The development and features of these methods were briefly stated in this study, and their strengths and weaknesses were analyzed with examples. It can be concluded that the bottom-up PLCA method, which is based on specific facility/site data, can describe elements in a supply chain precisely, but there exists cutoff error due to subjective boundary selection. The EIO-LCA method, which is based on national input-output table, is holistic but suffers from data lagging and aggregation error due to coarse graining of processes. The hybrid LCA has advantages of precision and completeness, since it combines PLCA and EIO-LCA. Then the paper emphasizes on discussing hybrid LCA. Some prospects of hybrid LCA were concluded and previewed to provide suggestions for its further improvement and development.

Based on a series of1∶1000000maps of natural resources of China,6categories of ecological assets were divided,which included forest,grassland,farmland,wetland,water body and desert.By means of GIS,the1∶4000000Ecological Assets Map of Tibetan Plateau was compiled and the relative data were calculated.According to partial global ecosystem services value evaluation results obtained by Costanza et al.(1997)along with responses of ecological questionnaire s from specialists of China,this paper established the ecosystem services value unit area of Chinese terrestrial ecosystems.We used the ecological assets value table as a basis and also adjusted price value by biomass and then,the ecological assets value of the Tibetan Plateau was estimated.The results indicated that ecosystem services value of Tibetan Plateau is some 9363.9×10⁸ yuan annually,accounting for17.68%of annual ecosystem services value of China and0.61%of the world.The value of soil formation and disposition provided by ecosys-tem s is the highest,which occupies19.3%of the total ecosystem services value and then,the value of waste treatment takes up16.8%,water conservation value,16.5%and biodiversity,16%.The forest and the grassland ecosystem s offered the main ecosystem services value,being31.3%and48.3%of the total value provided by different ecosystem types,respectively.

Ecosystem services are the foundation of man's sustainable development.But when human take advantages of many kinds of ecosystem services in providing natural resources and living environment,they also affected ecosystem services intensively.Although a part of human activities are helpful to stabilize and improve ecosystem services,more of them result in a series of eco-environmental crises and disasters that endanger man's survival and development.The damage of ecosystem services due to anthropogenic effects and its consequence are increasingly becoming outstanding problems in the world.The impact of human activities on ecosystem ser-vices has received much attention of human society at present.It is urgent to make clear the de-gree and ecological mechanism that human activities impact ecosystem services.The patterns and mechanisms and changing trend of ecosystem services affected by human activities were ex-plored in this paper.The impacts of human activities on ecosystem services include negative effects and positive effects.The former weaken ecosystem services through changing habitat and changing ecosystem structure and changing biogeochemical cycle.The main patterns include land reclamation,ur-banization,industrialization,grazing,hunting,international trade,agriculture and so on.The lat-ter play a significant role in improving eco-environment condition.The study of these passive factors,such as ecosystem management,ecological engineering,ecological restoration and reha-bilitation,ecological planning and evaluation,is also undertaking in a more and more deep-going way and has become the hot spot of ecological research.Although many researchers have carried out substantial studies on the impact of human ac-tivities on ecosystem services,much work still need to be conducted in the formation mechanism of ecosystem services,the threshold of ecosystems in bearing the human interference and the simulation and predication of human impacting ecosystem services.These problems were posed in this paper.

Since the 21st century, China's rural social and economic development and infrastructure construction have attained remarkable achievements, but the imbalance between urban and rural development and inadequate rural development are still prominent. In particular, the living environment closely related to rural life is still the short board of rural development. At the beginning of 2018, the central government issued the three-year action plan for rural living environment improvement (RLEI) to focus on improving the rural living environment, building a beautiful and livable village, and pursuing the Rural Revitalization Strategy. This paper analyzes the concept and connotation of RLEI, explains the mechanism of RLEI promoting rural revitalization, combs the mode and mechanism, effect and evaluation of RLEI, and discusses the key areas of strengthening the research of RLEI. The science of rural living environment has developed rapidly in the past 10 years, and has made remarkable progress in basic theory, evolution mechanism, quality evaluation, regulation and control strategy, especially in the research of basic theory, evolution mechanism and quality evaluation. However, there are still obvious deficiencies in the guidance and support of the current research for practice, and there are still some misunderstandings in the practice of local specific RLEI. Facing the strategic needs of rural revitalization, we need to form "eight consensus" in the understanding and practice of RLEI in the new era. In terms of research, we should strengthen the intersection and integration of rural geography and engineering technology science, urban and rural planning science, management science, sociology, etc., and strive to form a systematic research system integrating theoretical research, technological development, mechanism analysis, effectiveness evaluation, and model optimization, which can better support the improvement of rural living environment and realize the function and value enhancement of rural areas, and then effectively contribute to the Rural Revitalization Strategy.

In the new era, the core goal of territorial spatial planning is to meet the people's needs for a better life and also to protect natural resources. As a new type of planning, the method of territorial spatial planning is generally lacking. Based on the endowment of natural resources, scholars use data based on statistics and surveys, as well as methods of statistical analysis, spatial analysis and deduction to evaluate the carrying capacity and suitability of land space at the national and provincial levels, and make a static delimitation of the ecological red line, prime farmland protection line and urban development boundary. However, the existing studies rarely consider the dynamic impact of human activities on the use of land space, and lack the scientific arrangement of ecological space, agricultural space and urban space under the new development trend. This paper introduces the big data which can directly reflect the temporal and spatial changes of human activities. It mainly discusses the direction and specific methodological framework of the application of big data from the four parts of territorial spatial suitability evaluation, ecological spatial planning, agricultural spatial planning and urban spatial planning. Meanwhile, it emphasizes the scientific path of territorial spatial planning compilation under the interaction of "natural space" and "social and economic activities".

A better understanding of the connotation of "territory" is a prerequisite for developing the theoretical system and advancing the practical work of spatial planning. It is necessary to constantly update the understanding of "territory" in accordance with the development of disciplines and the changes in the real needs of spatial governance. Therefore, this journal invited 15 young scholars to discuss the connotation of "territory". The main points of view are as follows: (1) Territory is a complex coupled human and natural systems, with the characteristics of pluralism on elements and nesting on spatial and temporal scales. It is necessary to use the thinking of "landscape, forest, field, lake and grass" as a life community to carry out the comprehensive development and utilization and systematic restoration and protection of territory, so that it can become a natural governance platform. (2) Territory is a network space constructed by "flow" and a relational space composed of different stakeholders. It is necessary to integrate the territory through the "space of flows" to promote the sharing of resources and elements between regions to achieve coordinated development; it is also necessary to pay attention to the reconstruction of human and natural relationships and interpersonal relationships, coordinate the interests of multiple subjects, and achieve harmonious development. (3) Territory is a human space. It is necessary to fully perceive the risks, suitability, constraints, and accessibility of the territory. We need compile people-oriented spatial planning to enhance the ecological value, aesthetic value and humanistic care of territory. (4) Territory is the object of spatial planning and governance. It is a specific spatial carrier with marine space, rural space and cultural space, etc. It has attributes such as rights and assets. It is necessary to realize the unified management of resources and assets in the spatial planning, and highlight its economic value, social value and ecological value to achieve the diversified needs of high-quality development and high-quality life for territory.

In recent years, the unification of territorial space use regulations has been upgraded to an unprecedented level of national strategic deployment, which is an extremely important reform task with overall significance. Based on the systematical review on the institutional evolution of territorial space use regulation since 1949, this paper puts an emphasis on summarizing the major features of previous territorial space use regulations in China. In general, we conclude that the key to implement territorial space use regulations is to control the three important aspects which consist of planning, licensing and supervision, to coordinate the utilization of continental space and ocean space and to discriminate the management of construction and non-construction purposes. On the premise of system construction, we propose four suggestions to institution on how to unify the territorial space use regulations: (1) Establishing a unified control line system for territorial space use regulations at the planning level; (2) Building an abundant and effective measure system for territorial space use regulations; (3) Constructing a unified and explicit regulatory system for territorial space use regulations at the supervision level; (4) Improving the legal system to help territorial space use governance at the support level.

The symbiotic development of red tourism resources and other types of tourism resources is an inevitable phenomenon of market allocation of resources, so the research is of great significance. Taking the tourism resources of Hunan province as objects and the scenic spots as symbiosis units, we identified scenic spots into five types of red-dominated, green-dominated, blue-dominated, patina-dominated, and entertainment-education-dominated through the type structure of tourist resources. Calculating the symbiosis potential energy based on the scenic spots' quality index and the convenience index between them, and using Ucinet and ArcGIS software analysis based on social network theory, we found that there are five levels of symbiosis potential energy in tourism resources of Hunan, which express properties of the primary contact center of pure altruism, the secondary contact center of altruism, the important contact point of symmetrical mutual benefit, the general contact point of asymmetric mutual benefit, and the loose contact point of pure egoistic, while red tourism resources showed an absolute advantage in symbiosis potential energy. Red tourism resources play a significant organizational role in the tourism resource symbiosis system, which is composed of five symbiosis communities. Among them, one community, with the advantage of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan (CZT) red tourism resources, has the closest internal connection and the best symbiosis potential energy, while the internal connection in the other four symbiosis communities decreases in the order of the first one co-constructed by tourism resources of patina, red and blue in southern Hunan, the second one co-constructed by tourism resources of green and patina in western Hunan, the third one with green-advantaged tourism resources in southwestern Hunan and the last one with patina-advantaged tourism resources in the area around Dongting Lake. The symbiosis community with the advantage of red tourism resources in CZT has connections with all the other four symbiosis communities, and it has a closer contact with the one which is co-constructed by tourism resources of patina, red and blue in southern Hunan. There is a closer relationship between the symbiosis community co-constructed by patina, red and blue tourism resources in southern Hunan and the symbiosis community with green-advantaged tourism resources in southwestern Hunan. Red tourism resources are the main body of the core area of the tourism resources symbiosis system in Hunan. Among 53 scenic spots in the core area, 18 are red-dominated scenic spots, accounting for 33.96%; 27 belong to the symbiosis community with the advantage of red tourism resources in CZT, accounting for 50.9%. The research results show that red tourism resources perform strong support and synergy for the development of Hunan's tourism industry, and reflect the unique value of promoting regional high-quality development.

Taihu drainage basin is one of the most developed areas in China.With rapid social and economic development,the gross economy of the lake basin occupies an important position in the whole country.Because of mainly dependent on the input of resources and labour forces,and on the excess consumption of resources and the destruction of the eco-environment for the re-gion's economic development,the eco -environment has been drastically deteriorated,especially water body pollution and eutrophication are becoming increasingly serious.Through analyzing the field samples of the main lakes and channels in the Taihu drainage basin,we acquire the latest situation of water quality of the lakes and rivers in the Taihu drainage basin,the spatial distribution of eutrophication of the lakes and rivers,and the relationship between drainage net-work and rivers and lakes.Our research shows that the rich alimentation of lakes and rivers in Taihu drainage basin is still serious,the water quality coming out of the lakes is better than that of coming into the lakes.Lack of pollution prevention measures,the"zero action"of Taihu hav-ing not improved the water quality essentially is the fundamental reason for water pollution in the Taihu drainage basin.Suggestions on the establishment of the new networks of rivers and lakes in the Taihu drainage basin,integrated management of the lakes and rivers and intensifi-cation of the improvement and rectification of the water environment of the Taihu drainage basin are put forward.

Valuation of global ecosystem services by R Costanza(1997)has attracted attention of the Chinese ecological researchers over the years. And many Chinese scientists have been using the methods to valuate the ecosystem services for forest, grassland and farmland ecosystems. However, it has been turned out that there are several shortcomings in direct adaptation of the methods, for instance, some ecosystem services have been insufficiently valuated or even ignored via using Costanza’s method. To fill this gap, we have, on the basis of Costanza’s method, developed a new method or 'unit value’ based method for assessment of ecosystem services. Expert interviews with structured questionnaire were contacted in 2002 and 2007 respectively, and altogether 700 Chinese ecologists were involved in the interviews for testing the method. It has been found that the values of ecosystem services from expert knowledge based unit value method and biomass based method are comparative. Therefore, expert knowledge based assessment of ecosystem services could be used as a method for assessing ecosystem services with known land use areas, and a good result could be generated within a short period of time. However, for scientifically sound and concrete results, the spatial disparity of ecosystem services should be taken into account.

The high-quality development of resource-based cities is of great importance. In order to clearly understand the problems existing in the transformation of resource-based cities and clarify the high-quality development path, experts from different fields are invited to discuss the current research frontiers of the main dilemmas and breakthrough paths of high-quality development of resource-based cities. The interview results show that the transformation of resource-based cities in China has made great achievements, but there is still a great distance from the requirements of high-quality development, highlighted by the fact that economic development still fails to get rid of the development path of resource dependence, the gathering of new factors to promote high-quality development is weak and resource-based cities are facing great pressure both internally and externally under the carbon emission reduction target. In the New Era, it is necessary to reconceptualize the role and status of resource-based cities and improve the ability of resource-based cities to ensure national resource and energy security; to realize the re-cognition of the new resource system based on a profound grasp of the connotation of the traditional concept of resource endowment, pay attention to the excavation of new resources and enrich the new knowledge system of resource-based city research. According to the development conditions of different types of resource-based cities, it is necessary to implement measures by categories and promote the innovative development of resource-based cities according to local conditions, and continue to improve the employment elasticity of economic growth, enhance the ability of economic development to pull employment, and pay full attention to the creation and cultivation of employment opportunities; accelerate the exploration of a green and efficient transformation and development path, and simultaneously realize the greening of "stock" and the greening of "increment"; to comprehensively consider the development basis and factor resource conditions of resource-based cities, and change from the traditional "growth and expansion type" to the development mode of "combination of efficient growth and smart shrinkage". It is necessary to integrate new data and new technological methods to scientifically/intelligently support the spatial governance of resource (exhausted) cities; to establish the guiding ideology of giving priority to people's livelihood, make up for the historical debts in the past construction process of resource-based cities through urban renewal, comprehensively improve the livability level and economic vitality of resource-based cities, and reshape the urban socio-spatial network; The "chain system" schemes and models such as "strengthen the chain, complement the chain and extend the chain" should be fully referenced for the industrial transformation of resource-based cities. The above viewpoints provide scientific and feasible theoretical and decision support for the high-quality development of resource-based cities.

Before the institutional reform of the State Council, the "Three Control Lines" of ecological protection red line, permanent basic farmland and urban development boundary were delineated by different ministries, which resulted in insufficient coordination and overlapping results, and difficulties in implementing management. After the institutional reform of the State Council, the Ministry of Natural Resources is responsible for establishing a spatial planning system. It requires that the three control lines be delineated from top to bottom on the basis of the evaluation of the urban capacity of resources and environment and the suitability of territorial spatial development. This paper summarizes the manifestations and causes of contradictions and conflicts in the delimitation of the three control lines in Shenyang as a pilot city, constructs relationships between the three control lines and the three spaces of ecology, agriculture and cities, establishes the management system and adjustment rules, and explains the adjustment and optimization practices within the scope of the city. The study found that it is difficult to distinguish the functions of the three control lines overlapped in space, mainly because permanent basic farmland undertakes the mission of restricting urban spatial spread, and the index can not be adjusted across administrative regions, which results in some permanent basic farmland having to be arranged in cities; different definitions leading to some urban parks are classified as ecological protection redline; some cultivated land in ecological protection redline was previously classified as permanent basic farmland. The paper puts forward the optimization proposals of three control lines under the background of territorial spatial planning: First, we highlight the characteristics of both the policy line and the technical line, and delimit them from top down and bottom up; second, the country needs to carry on the innovation to the basic farmland adjustment policy and system; third, we will establish a hierarchical management mechanism to properly reserve the flexibility of local administrative power.