China puts forward the strategic goal of achieving carbon peaks by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Improving carbon emission efficiency and promoting green and low-carbon development are important ways to achieve the "dual carbon" goal. The study uses the Super-SBM model that includes undesired output to measure the carbon emission efficiency of 68 low carbon cities in China from 2003 to 2018 and analyzes their spatio-temporal evolution characteristics. The panel regression model is used to analyze the influencing factors of urban carbon emission efficiency. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The carbon emission efficiency of low carbon city has shown an overall upward trend over time, from 0.169 to 0.423, with an average annual growth rate of 6.31%, and there is still room for improvement. (2) Regional differences in the carbon emission efficiency of low carbon cities show a trend of shrinking first and then gradually expanding, and a declining distribution pattern of "from eastern to central and western region" in space; the carbon emission efficiency of pilot city at various levels is characterized as "megacity > supercity > large city > medium-sized city > small city". (3) Economic development level, industrial structure, urbanization level, green technology innovation and carbon emission efficiency of a pilot city are significantly positively correlated, and the intensity of foreign investment has restrictions on urban carbon emission efficiency. There are some differences in the degree of influence of each factor on the three regions and cities of different sizes. The paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of innovation input, industrial structure and regional differentiation, which has certain reference significance for promoting urban green and low-carbon development and the construction of ecological civilization.

The vulnerability of ecological environment is an important factor restricting the sustainable and high-quality development of economy. Taking 73 cities in the Yellow River Basin as the research objects, we constructed an evaluation index system of the ecological environment vulnerability of the basin from 2005 to 2018. Principal component analysis was used to calculate the ecological environment vulnerability index. According to the natural break point method, the cities were divided into five categories: extreme vulnerability, severe vulnerability, moderate vulnerability, light vulnerability and slight vulnerability. In addition, through spatial correlation analysis, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the ecological environment vulnerability of the study area are revealed. The ecological environmental vulnerability in 2025 is predicted by CA-Markov model. The results showed that: (1) The vulnerability of ecological environment in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River shows the distribution characteristics of "low, medium and high", respectively. And there are differences in the variation trend of the ecological environment vulnerability: although there are large differences in the upper reaches, the fluctuations are similar, the fluctuation direction is opposite in the middle reaches, and a downward trend occurred after 2016 in the lower reaches. (2) The vulnerability of ecological environment is spatially correlated. The upper reaches show low-low aggregation, the lower reaches show high-high aggregation, and the spatial correlation in the middle reaches is not significant. (3) It is predicted that the severe vulnerability in the middle reaches will expand in 2025, while the extreme vulnerability in the lower reaches will contract to the central region. The management and protection of the ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin is not a matter of one day, nor can it be completed by one basin alone. The upper, middle and lower reaches should formulate appropriate management and protection measures according to different natural conditions to meet the needs of the overall development.

Gully agriculture is a new type of agricultural region resulting from the coupling development of human-earth relationship in the loess hilly and gully region. Its sustainable development is of great practical significance for regional agricultural improving quality and efficiency, rural revitalization and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the principle of human-earth system science, this paper expounds the concept connotation, scientific cognition, optimization mode and security policy. The results show that: (1) The sustainability of gully agriculture should follow the principle of "element system" to "structure function", and the multi-objective organic combination of "gully slope soil and water conservation, ecological construction and rural revitalization", aiming to correctly handle the macro and micro benefits and the hierarchical system of gully water and soil configuration, farmland landscape and agricultural system at different scales, deepen the through research, and comprehensively reveal the evolution process and micro action mechanism. (2) This paper puts forward the optimization mode of gully agriculture, builds the framework of different modes, and improves the relevant technical and institutional guarantee system, so as to support the realization of rural revitalization and high-quality development. (3) The high-quality development of gully agriculture should be based on the scientific frontier of the human-earth system, comprehensively construct the theory and methods, and deeply explore new ways to optimize production methods and innovate management modes. (4) Based on the element flow, industrial chain and circulation network, the agricultural state assessment and scenario simulation of different scales for the SDGs target and rural revitalization, food and ecological security are going to support the decision-making of regional modernization construction. The research on gully agriculture characteristics and optimization mode is an important way to promote the innovation of agricultural geography research theories and methods and provide scientific basis for the high-quality development of agriculture in the Loess Plateau. Based on the factor flow, industrial chain, and circulation network, the agricultural state assessment and scenario simulation of different scales for the SDGs target and rural revitalization in 2035 will serve to support the decision-making of regional modernization construction.

The promulgation and implementation of the Anti-food Waste Law of the People's Republic of China (abbreviated as "Anti-food Waste Law" below) has made a historic shift from moral constraints to legal governance in China's long-standing anti-food waste. The law was promulgated under the background that food waste is common worldwide nowadays, it threatens global food security, and the solution to this problem has been attached great importance in China. The law provides a legal guarantee for the social practice of anti-food waste in China, and also sets a good example for the global anti-food waste career. The Anti-food Waste Law has the following six main characteristics: it focuses on top-level design and the legislative process is fast and concise; the legislative purpose is clear and the idea of resource conservation is consistent in the legislation; the legal measures are comprehensive and the regulatory responsibilities are extensive; the society is diversified and co-governed to highlight the efficiency of grain saving governance; the policy is implemented following the law and committed to serving the food security strategy; adhering to both morality and law to promote the transformation of food saving awareness into legal constraints. Judged from the practice of the past year, in the implementation of the Anti-food Waste Law, key issues such as further clarifying rights and responsibilities, refining the standard system and strengthening basic support still need to be resolved. Relevant departments should focus on taking the following measures to standardize and guide the implementation of the Anti-food Waste Law: establishing a long-term monitoring and assessment mechanism, building a scientific and effective monitoring and assessment method system; strengthening the linkage between relevant departments, etc. Giving full play to the role of the law in regulating various food waste behaviors in the whole society, thus effectively reducing food waste, ensuring national food security, and promoting the construction of ecological civilization and social civilization.

The transmission of territorial spatial planning should cover all process of planning, implementation and supervision. Based on the three "needs" of modernization of territorial spatial governance, the paper analyzed the inadaptability of traditional spatial planning conduction. Starting from the whole chain governance logic of full-scale, whole-process and multiple dimensions, the paper constructed a transmission system of "three-chain coordination" and three paths of "spatial chain", "time chain" and "feedback chain" matching the territorial spatial planning needs and system in the new era, which include a closed-loop system for territorial spatial governance that covers the whole process of planning, implementation and supervision, a full-scale spatial transmission chain with clear authority from top to bottom, a full-process time transmission chain from core to edge oriented to implementation and a multi-dimensional feedback transmission chain with multiple co-governance and dynamic maintenance, in order to provide theoretical and practical reference for the transmission of territorial spatial planning.

Since China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals were put forward, photovoltaic power generation has gradually become one of the important fields to accelerate low carbon transition. Through the analysis of spatio-temporal distribution, competitive development and emission reduction of China's photovoltaic power generation, the main conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) From 2012 to 2020, the total installed photovoltaic capacities increased from 6.25 million kW to 253.17 million kW, dominated by centralized power stations. (2) Regions including Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, and Shanxi showed a high-high autocorrelation, while regions such as Guizhou showed a high-low autocorrelation. (3) Electricity consumption, carbon emissions, and R&D investment were the positive driving factors for the growth of photovoltaic installed capacities, and R&D investment had a positive impact on the growth of photovoltaic installed capacities in neighboring provinces. (4) The potential emission reduction benefits per year of China's existing photovoltaic installations could almost reach 2.0E+08 tons and the accumulated emission reduction benefits could reach 19.2E+08 tons by 2030, revealing significant emission reduction potentials for promoting the achievement of carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals.

Under the mission of the new era, guiding the development of rural tourism resources with the goal of common prosperity has the dual significance of enhancing the value of resources and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization. According to the logic of "development of rural tourism resources-realization of the common prosperity of rural farmers-attainment of material and spiritual prosperity of the entire society", this paper identifies the relationship between the development of rural tourism resources and common prosperity and clarifies the realistic predicament and the existing gap in achieving common prosperity. It is found that both traditional rural tourist destinations oriented by local resources and modern rural tourist destinations oriented by high-standard services are actively excavating advantageous resources and improving supporting facilities so as to adapt to market transformation. Meanwhile, two major characteristics are reflected: first, the participants of rural tourism resources have diversified cooperation, and the development mode is becoming mature; second, rural tourism has made outstanding contributions in helping reduce poverty, promoting social equity and satisfying spiritual and cultural needs, which fully fits the process of common prosperity. However, there is still a large gap between the development of rural tourism resources and the goal of common prosperity. In particular, different regions and different groups have multiple gaps in the efficiency, level and ability of development, which leads to the lack of extensive, in-depth and thorough solutions to contradictions between the unbalanced development of rural areas and the farmers' needs for a better life. Based on the the principle of "high-quality development of rural tourism, integrated development of urban and rural areas, and all-round development of people", this paper constructs an innovative path of rural tourism resources, which is composed of "effective development, collaborative development and sustainable development" to promote the high-quality transformation and development of China's rural tourism industry and help achieve common prosperity.

China's carbon emission peak is an important agenda for global climate governance. The research on carbon emission peak in China by province has important influence and practical support for the national carbon mission peak and path arrangement. Based on the Hybrid-units Energy Input-Output model, this paper built a carbon emissions peak prediction model. Under 9 combined scenarios of economic development and carbon emission intensity improvement, the total carbon emissions of 30 provincial-level regions from 2020 to 2040 were predicted (except Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan). Then, this paper compared the peak values of different periods to estimate the carbon emission peak time. On this basis, the Probit model was used to analyze the influencing factors of whether regions can reach carbon emission peak before 2030. The results show that: (1) The carbon peak time varies significantly among provincial regions of China with a north-south strip aggregation in the spatial pattern. (2) The improvement of carbon emission intensity has a greater impact on the emission peak time, and the improvement rate of 4% per year is most favorable for reaching the peak by 2030. (3) Industrial structure, the degree of government intervention, and the degree of openness have a significant impact on whether the carbon peak target can be achieved by 2030.

Promoting the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is a major national strategy with an aim to achieve the "Two Centenary Goals". This paper firstly analyzed the new connotation of the integrated development of the YRD after China's entering a new development stage, and proposed the "four more" connotations of integrated high-quality development of the YRD, namely, integration with higher strategic positioning, integration with higher efficiency and level, integration with more coordination, and integration with better spatial form. Then the main actions and achievements of the integrated development of the YRD since it was elevated to a national strategy were reviewed and summarized. To study the new concept of high-quality development, an evaluation index system reflecting the five new development concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing was constructed, and the state of integrated high-quality development of the YRD from 2018 to 2020 was assessed. Finally, against the new requirements of integrated high-quality development, relevant countermeasures and paths for specific areas were proposed in response to the current issues, which provides a reference for decision making to promote integrated higher-quality development of the YRD.

"Three rural issues" (issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) is an important mainline of the CPC's centennial course of party building and China's urban-rural development. In order to solve the "three rural issues" in the New Era and promote the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, we hereby invite ten experts in the research field of "three rural issues" and rural revitalization research to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on three perspectives: Historical process and institutional context, urban-rural system and cross scale space, and the integration of policy theory, technical methods, and rural construction practice. It revolves three main lines: The strategic stage and institutional changes of "three rural issues", the essence of "three rural issues" and the ways to solve new "three rural issues", and the rural revitalization mechanism and rural construction practice. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The essence, key areas, and institutional mechanism innovation of the "three rural issues" in the context of spatio-temporal processes and institutional contexts. It is necessary to grasp the laws of "three rural" (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) and diagnose the "three rural issues" from the perspective of urban and rural regional systems and even the global perspective space. The "three rural issues" is an optimization decision-making problem for improving the functions of rural regional systems within the overall framework of urban and rural regional systems. The imbalance in urban-rural development and insufficient rural development are the concentrated reflection of the "three rural issues" in the New Era. The crux of the "three rural issues" lies in the uncoordinated development of "human, land, and industry". The core goal of China's "three rural issues" in the new development stage is to move towards the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas. The corresponding development system and working mechanism of "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" need to grasp the two "bottom lines", do a good job in the two "connections", and promote the two "integrations" in key areas such as national food security, farmers' livelihood development, modern agriculture and rural development, rural revitalization, and urban-rural integration development. (2) The theory of rural revitalization and the rural spatial planning under the requirements of urban-rural system interaction and people's common prosperity. The research and solution of China's "three rural issues" are rooted in the geographical theory of territorial system theory of human-environment interaction and location theory, the sector economy theory and the economic cycle theory, as well as the theory of development economics, sociological function theory and social conflict theories. In the research practice of the "three rural issues", land use transformation theory, rural reconstruction theory, rural development multi-body and multi-pole theory, interface theory, rural attraction theory, and rural sustainability have also been developed. The urban-rural integrated development and the common prosperity of the people should be the result of balanced regional development and Chinese path to modernization. The folk expression of "making rural life attractive" and the strategic goal of "basically realizing rural modernization by 2035" are mutually "exterior-interior" relationship, which can be comprehensively explained from the following three aspects: The spatio-temporal differences and path differentiation of rural settlement evolution and multi-functional transformation, and the phenomenon explanation of rural gentrification and the theoretical application of rural attraction in the context of urban-rural interaction, as well as the theoretical significance and practical path of rural modernization under the guidance of rural sustainability science. Improving local quality is an inherent requirement to meet the people's needs for a better life, and it is an essential requirement and general law of rural revitalization driven by innovation. As the edge of the national urban-rural system, rural areas face constraints such as segmentation, remoteness, low density, and insufficient heterogeneity dividends in improving local quality. Therefore, to improve local quality of rural areas, it is necessary to adapt to and alleviate the relative inefficiency of rural geography, and its important promotion paths include the characteristic development based on endowment, digital transformation and rural agglomeration centered around cities and towns. Guided by spatial planning and taking into account the integrated functional development of production-living-ecological spaces in rural areas, as well as the integration of urban and rural space through spatial planning, through promoting the quality of living space through comprehensive land improvement, assisting in the realization of multifunctional value in agricultural space through refined management, ensuring the sustainable use of ecological space through systematic protection and restoration, which is a solid foundation for rural revitalization and the construction of a new urban-rural relationship. (3) The path mechanism and technical support for the comprehensive rural revitalization and rural construction under the new needs of ecological civilization construction and governance modernization. Comprehensive rural revitalization requires the revitalization of industries, the reform of land, the development of human well-being, and the intelligent updating of technology. First, the essence of operating rural areas is the rational allocation of resources as the object of factors. It is necessary to integrate the high-quality development of agriculture with the high-quality and livable rural areas, promote the interaction and integration of urban and rural systems, actively link natural science, engineering technology innovation, and institutional innovation from the perspective of the big food concept, and implement food safety and important agricultural product supply security. Second, facing the new demand of rural sustainable development and governance modernization, we should innovate the property right governance integration mechanism of rural land system, especially actively build a rural green development mechanism with farmers' participation and an external benefit sharing mechanism of ecological environment governance. Third, it is urgent to break through the barriers that farmers share the gains from the appreciation of rural assets, fill the gap between small farmers and modern agriculture, and establish a concept of county governance that meets the needs of Chinese path to modernization. Fourth, rural construction is an organic combination of the governance of public spaces by the state and the daily life practices of farmers. Through the theory and technology of "computational" rural areas, effective connection and information sharing between the state and rural areas can be achieved, promoting coordinated development from micro to macro, and from local to whole. And we should achieve the aim of building livable, suitable for work, and beautiful rural areas, through multi-level main body co-construction, co-governance, and management. To sum up, the interview views can provide theoretical reference and decision-making reference for the "three rural issues" work innovation and rural revitalization practice towards Chinese path to modernization.

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) is not only one of core economic regions of China, but also the key area of energy consumption and air pollution of the country. The carbon emissions of this region account for about 1/5 of the country's total. The proposal of China's "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" target has aroused widespread concern from the domestic and international community. Therefore, exploring the carbon emission trend and reduction potential of the BTH region under different scenarios is of great significance for China to achieve the carbon peak goal by 2030 on schedule. By analyzing the relationship between carbon emission and its influencing factors, this paper constructs a dynamic model of carbon emission system in the study region. On this basis, six scenarios are set up from the perspective of industrial structure, energy intensity, energy structure, environmental regulation, science and technology investment, and comprehensive regulation to predict the impact of different schemes on the peak time and peak value and reduction potential of carbon emissions in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei respectively. The results show that under the baseline scenario, according to the existing system behavior law, Beijing has reached its carbon peak, Tianjin is expected to reach its carbon peak in 2023, and Hebei is unlikely to reach its carbon peak before 2035. In the coordinated development scenario, that is, the comprehensive regulation policy, compared with the single measure scenario, the effect of carbon emission reduction in each region is the best. Among them, the carbon emissions of Beijing from 2020 to 2030 will decrease by 13.52% on average compared with the baseline scenario. The carbon peak time of Tianjin can be advanced to 2021, and the carbon emissions of Hebei can reach the peak in 2030. Under the single measure scenario, the environmental protection scenario has the most significant effect on carbon emission reduction in Beijing, while the energy conservation and emission reduction scenario is the best development model to achieve the carbon emission peak in Tianjin and Hebei. Meanwhile, considering the differences in the peaks of carbon emissions in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, China should formulate differentiated carbon peaking strategy and emission reduction path.

The integrated high-quality development of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is of great importance for the long-term development and stability of China's economy. In order to scientifically and comprehensively understand the problems existing in the development of the YRD in the New Era and clarify the future development path, experts from different fields are invited to discuss the regional coordination, industrial coordination, and transportation organization. Interviews were conducted on research frontiers such as urban system evolution, cross-regional cooperation, factor allocation, river basin planning, integration paths, and green and low-carbon development. The interview results show that the YRD is the region with the most active economic development, the highest degree of openness and the strongest innovation ability in China. But it is still characterized by prominent problems, such as unbalanced internal development, fragmented inter-regional traffic, remaining administrative barriers, unsound river basin ecological cooperation, insufficient coordinated industrial development and weak green economic system. The strategic position of the study area in the development of China and the world requires the integration of theoretical knowledge of various disciplines and subjects, and continuous attention to the major scientific proposition of the integrated high-quality development of the delta region from different perspectives. Closely related to "integration" and "high quality", the integration of the YRD should first innovate the mechanism to narrow the development differences within the region, strengthen the basic support for comprehensive transportation integration, and break through the constraints of administrative boundaries. Secondly, to innovate the mechanism and system to ensure the effective flow and allocation of production factors, through the integration and development of the value chain, industrial chain, and innovation chain to consolidate the integration; again, to promote the centralized use of land elements in the YRD, improve the land carrying capacity of the YRD, and integrate the whole delta region. High-quality development provides sufficient land element guarantee. Thus, it is necessary to optimize the spatial structure of population and employment, strengthen inter-city environmental pollution prevention and control, advance inter-provincial coordination and cooperation in major river basins, improve the ecosystem services function and promote green integrated development in the YRD. Finally, we should develop new concepts, achieve low-carbon development through scientific research breakthroughs and market mechanisms, and build a world-class hub of flow space under the guidance of the national innovation-driven strategy, so as to create a new situation in the high-quality integration of the YRD region. The above viewpoints provide scientific and feasible theoretical and decision support for the integrated high-quality development of the YRD.

The high-quality development of resource-based cities is of great importance. In order to clearly understand the problems existing in the transformation of resource-based cities and clarify the high-quality development path, experts from different fields are invited to discuss the current research frontiers of the main dilemmas and breakthrough paths of high-quality development of resource-based cities. The interview results show that the transformation of resource-based cities in China has made great achievements, but there is still a great distance from the requirements of high-quality development, highlighted by the fact that economic development still fails to get rid of the development path of resource dependence, the gathering of new factors to promote high-quality development is weak and resource-based cities are facing great pressure both internally and externally under the carbon emission reduction target. In the New Era, it is necessary to reconceptualize the role and status of resource-based cities and improve the ability of resource-based cities to ensure national resource and energy security; to realize the re-cognition of the new resource system based on a profound grasp of the connotation of the traditional concept of resource endowment, pay attention to the excavation of new resources and enrich the new knowledge system of resource-based city research. According to the development conditions of different types of resource-based cities, it is necessary to implement measures by categories and promote the innovative development of resource-based cities according to local conditions, and continue to improve the employment elasticity of economic growth, enhance the ability of economic development to pull employment, and pay full attention to the creation and cultivation of employment opportunities; accelerate the exploration of a green and efficient transformation and development path, and simultaneously realize the greening of "stock" and the greening of "increment"; to comprehensively consider the development basis and factor resource conditions of resource-based cities, and change from the traditional "growth and expansion type" to the development mode of "combination of efficient growth and smart shrinkage". It is necessary to integrate new data and new technological methods to scientifically/intelligently support the spatial governance of resource (exhausted) cities; to establish the guiding ideology of giving priority to people's livelihood, make up for the historical debts in the past construction process of resource-based cities through urban renewal, comprehensively improve the livability level and economic vitality of resource-based cities, and reshape the urban socio-spatial network; The "chain system" schemes and models such as "strengthen the chain, complement the chain and extend the chain" should be fully referenced for the industrial transformation of resource-based cities. The above viewpoints provide scientific and feasible theoretical and decision support for the high-quality development of resource-based cities.

Based on the dual pressures of economic transformation and energy conservation and emission reduction faced by resource-based cities, this paper empirically measures the carbon emission efficiency of 114 resource-based cities in China from 2004 to 2019 by using a three-stage super-efficiency SBM model, and discusses the efficiency differences, spatio-temporal evolution and sources of differences by using the methods of Dagum Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation and QAP regression analysis. The results show that: (1) After the environmental factors and random interference is removed, the average carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities decreases to 0.230, but the overall trend is on the rise. (2) The areas with high carbon emission efficiency are concentrated in regenerating and mature cities, and the distribution is relatively scattered. The low value areas are mainly growing and declining cities, and they are clustered in northeast, central and other regions. (3) The carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities varies greatly, among which the contribution rate of inter-group difference is the highest, but it shows a downward trend; The differences within the groups of regenerating and mature cities are relatively stable, while the differences within the groups of growing and declining cities are gradually expanding. (4) The differences of population density, per capita disposable income and the number of large-scale enterprises will significantly expand the differences of carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities, and the differences in population density, population structure and disposable income of residents have a significant heterogeneous impact on the differences in carbon emission efficiency of different types of resource-based cities. Considering the characteristics of carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities, this paper puts forward the following policy implications: Firstly, according to the types of resource-based cities, we should adopt emission reduction schemes that suit local conditions. Secondly, we should increase investment in low-carbon innovation and promote green transformation of industry. Resource-based cities can increase R&D investment by imitating innovation, and make low-carbon innovation more directional and targeted. At the same time, resource-based cities should encourage enterprises to carry out green technological transformation and upgrading. Thirdly, we will promote green consumption mode and strengthen emission reduction of residents. The government should enhance residents' cognitive level of consumption emission reduction ability and encourage consumers to make low-carbon consumption. Moreover, the government should explore green financial innovation, establish individual carbon credit and carbon account system, and encourage residents' participation in green financial market.

A system dynamics model of carbon dioxide emissions was constructed by analyzing the relationship among the influencing factors of carbon dioxide emissions and the main paths of carbon emission reduction. On this basis, the impact of four scenarios on carbon dioxide emissions were forecasted by regulating the economic growth rate of the supply side, energy structure and industrial structure so as to further discuss the contribution of major departments of carbon dioxide emission reduction. Results show that the trend of the net growth of carbon dioxide emissions slows down year by year among the four schemes. This trend plays a positive role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions through adjusting the speed of economic growth, improving energy structure and optimizing industry structure after that the net carbon emission achieves the peak. Compared with the speed of economic growth and the optimization of industry structure, the improvement of energy structure makes a greater contribution to reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Under the scheme of comprehensive regulation of the speed of economic growth, improvement of energy structure and optimization of industrial structure, net emissions of carbon dioxide will reach the peak (10.445 billion tons) in 2024 and achieve the carbon neutrality in 2058 in China, which matches with the current situation.

The monitoring-evaluation-warning of territory spatial planning is not only an important means to supervise and ensure the effectiveness of spatial planning implementation, but also a key support for the evolution of smart planning that is "perceptible, learnable, governable and adaptive". At present, research on monitoring-evaluation-warning of national spatial planning focuses more on mechanism rather than theory, what's more important is that we are lack of a set of scientifically available monitoring-evaluation-warning techniques. In order to solve the above problems, this paper systematically analyzes and discusses the objectives and connotation of monitoring-evaluation-warning of national spatial planning, and on this basis, it constructs an application model system that covers the whole life cycle of monitoring-evaluation-warning of territory spatial planning business supported by new information technologies ("ABC" technology), such as artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing. Finally, combined with the case of information system construction, the paper introduces the important supporting role of monitoring-evaluation-warning of territory spatial planning model system based on "ABC" technology to realize the territory spatial planning "dynamic monitoring, accurate evaluation and timely early warning". The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Monitoring, evaluation and early warning of territory spatial planning are indispensable technical links in the implementation and supervision of spatial planning, and the three are logically progressive and technologically support each other. (2) Three kinds of model systems are put forward: the dynamic perception and rapid identification model system of spatial information integrated with multi-source big data, the comprehensive evaluation model system coupling human activities and natural environment, and the land simulation and prediction model system based on artificial intelligence. (3) The practical application of three kinds of models in the information platform such as the territorial space change monitoring system, the smart planning big data decision-making platform and the 'Inteplan' information system for implementation and supervision of spatial planning embodies the important role of the model in territorial space control and governance as well as natural resources supervision.

The spatial pattern of living, producing and ecological spaces has a profound impact on regional ecosystem services and the well-being of the residents in rapidly urbanizing watersheds. However, few studies considered the relationship between ecosystem services and multiple stakeholders' well-beings. In this study, we selected seven ecosystem service indicators to identify living, producing and ecological hotspots in a typical urbanizing area, Baiyangdian watershed. Then we conducted a participatory mapping to integrate multiple stakeholders' needs into the identification of their major functions. The results show that overlapped hotspots occupy 14.5% of the total area of the watershed, which is dominated by overlapped producing and ecological functions. Furthermore, the identification of the major functions varies among different stakeholders. On the one hand, urban residents are more likely to identify the overlapped areas to living space because they prefer cultural services than rural residents. They mention cultural services twice of that by rural residents in the survey. On the other hand, policy makers pay more attention to the ecological function of the upper streams, while poverty alleviation workers focus on the producing function of the forests in this area. This study illustrates a method to integrate multi-stakeholders' preferences in spatial optimization, which can be used in the planning of the living-producing-ecological spaces and the territorial space planning.

With the rapid advancement of urbanization and industrialization in China, the social structure and economic development model of rural areas and the development of spatial systems such as ecological system have changed significantly, followed by the change of land use form in different regions. Thus, revealing scientifically the coupling development relationship between rural spatial restructuring and land use transition, and discussing the coupling mechanism and optimal path are conducive to providing theoretical basis and practical basis for China's rural revitalization and urban-rural integrated development, which is meaningful both in theory and practice. This study used literature review theory to analyze and explain the coupling mechanism and driving factors of rural spatial restructuring and land use transition. The main conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) The reconstruction of rural space is a positive response to the new round of rural transformation and development requirements. As a key development element of rural region, land can adapt to different spatial reconstruction scenes through the multi-dimensional transformation of its utilization forms. (2) Rural spatial restructuring is an important driving force for land use transformation, and it also provides inexhaustible realistic demands for land use transformation. The successful land use transformation is a significant representation of the results of rural spatial restructuring, and there is a coupling interaction between the two. (3) This paper constructs a multi-wheel driving mechanism of their coupling development, the direction of the effect path is different under different action mechanisms. More specifically, spatial planning and policy system design are indispensable constraints and regulation mechanisms of coupled development; the transformation of industrial structure and the change of economic system have obvious driving and catalytic benefits in deepening the coupling relationship between the two. In addition, the coupling relationship between rural spatial restructuring and land use transformation is deeply constrained by the behavior of multiple stakeholders, so the protection and coordination of the ownership rights of relevant stakeholders should run through the coupling development from the end to the end. Finally, establishing the value order of ecological priority is of great significance to the coupling evolution process. (4) In the New Era, it is important to explore the multi-dimensional path of land use optimization to promote coupled development. On the whole, the core values of ecological civilization should be established, spatial planning should be taken as the constrained mechanism, industrial structure upgrading as the induced mechanism, multi-stakeholder coordination as the guaranteed mechanism. Meanwhile, the land policy system mechanism should be innovated. Only in this way can we improve the coupling level and facilitate the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.

The enforcement of the Anti-food Waste Law of the People's Republic of China indicates that the resolution to food waste has transformed from scientific study to application. In order to quantify the amount of food thrown away and to promote waste reduction, a comprehensive and systematic national food waste monitoring and evaluation system is therefore needed to be in position. Facing some major issues raised during the implementation of the Law, this paper reviewed previous studies and literatures, identified the major definitions and scopes, and reviewed current research progress about food waste quantification, monitoring and evaluation by the global community. Based on these, the current working progress toward food waste monitoring and evaluation in China was analyzed, the concept extension of traditional to general food waste was proposed, and potential indicators for monitoring were suggested for consideration. The study could offer scientific supports for government departments concerned, lay a foundation for food waste quantification studies in a new stage, as well as provide references for the global community to achieve the 12.3 target of the sustainable development goals.