A comprehensive policy system is an important institutional guarantee to help improve the modern tourism system and accelerate the construction of a powerful tourism nation. This paper constructs a four-dimensional analysis framework of policy evolution, policy subjects, policy tools and policy effectiveness. Using content analysis method, social network analysis method and policy consistency index model (PMC), this paper systematically examines 884 national tourism policies from 1978 to 2020. The results show that: (1) Since the reform and opening up, the evolution of tourism policy has experienced an budding stage (1978-1991), a rapid development stage (1992-2011) and a comprehensive deepening stage (2012-2020). Slightly different from existing research, this study's policy sample better reflects the changes in the practical goals and development directions of China's tourism industry at various stages of development since the late 1970s, and expands them in the temporal dimension. (2) The formulation and issue of tourism policies are mainly independent release, with the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (MCT) being the main policy issuing department. (3) The policy tools present the structural unbalance state, which place emphasis on environmental policies but lack of supply policies. This phenomenon may be related to the timely adjustment of the goals of the tourism industry in different periods, as well as the changes in the environment of the tourism industry development. (4) The text validity of tourism policy is good on the whole, but the performance of the policy nature, policy field and policy audience dimension needs to be improved. Based on this, the paper puts forward some suggestions: (1) Optimize the cooperation mechanism among tourism policy issuing bodies and coordinate multi-bodies to strengthen cross-departmental cooperation in tourism policy making. (2) Rationally allocate policy tools, give full play to the linkage role of three policy tools to promote the healthy development of China's tourism industry. (3) Coordinate the text effectiveness dimension and constantly improve the poorly performing dimension to optimize the overall tourism policy effectiveness mechanism. This study clarifies the logical evolution and structural system of China's tourism policy since the late 1970s, and provides theoretical references for the future clarification of the focus areas of tourism policy and the construction of a more reasonable and effective tourism policy system. In addition, it provides insights into the high-quality development of tourism industry.

To promote the integration of urban ecology, culture and tourism, it is necessary to provide both supply side capital supply and demand side consumption activation. In order to accurately identify the impact of the government's bilateral guidance on the integrated development of culture and tourism, this paper uses the data of 285 cities in China from 2011 to 2021 to measure the level of urban cultural and tourism integration development under the systematic framework of "culture-ecology-tourism", and then uses the difference-in-differences model to identify the role of capital supply and demand expansion based on the government's cultural and tourism industry guidance fund and consumption pilot policy. Research has found that: (1) The integrated development of urban ecology, culture and tourism presents an overall spatial pattern of "high in the east and low in the west", with gradient differentiation within the region. Its spatial imbalance and differentiation characteristics are more obvious. (2) The cultural and tourism industry guidance fund has a significant positive effect on the integration of ecological culture and tourism, while the implementation of consumption pilot policies cannot pass the significance test. However, the coordination between supply side and demand side policies can produce stronger positive effects, and there is spatial heterogeneity in the coordination. (3) The integration of the market, the improvement of the business environment, and the increasing attention to the integration of cultural and tourism networks can strengthen the policy coordination between supply and demand and promote the integration of urban ecology, culture, and tourism. In addition, there is a U-shaped negative spatial spillover characteristic in the government's policy coordination of both sides, and the "siphon effect" reaches its maximum at around 300 km.

Scientific understanding of the spatial mismatch between tourism eco-efficiency in physical space and ecotourism attention in virtual space and its formation mechanism is a new initiative to accelerate the formation of a new type of tourism human-land relationship and to promote the modernization of the harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature in high quality under the wave of digital-real integration. Based on the Python platform, we constructed a heterogeneous dataset of network data and statistical data from multiple sources to understand the spatial and temporal characteristics of tourism eco-efficiency and ecotourism network attention in 30 provincial-level areas (hereafter province) in China from 2011 to 2021, and used the gravity trajectory model and spatial mismatch index to investigate the evolution of the center of gravity of the two and the spatial mismatch relationship, and analyzed the formation mechanism of the spatial mismatch relationship with the help of the Random Forest Regression Algorithm. With the help of Random Forest Regression Algorithm, we analyzed the formation mechanism of spatial mismatch relationship. The results showed that: (1) China's tourism eco-efficiency and ecotourism network attention generally showed an increasing trend, and formed a zonal differentiation of "eastern region>central region>western region"; the centers of gravity of them showed a southwesterly shift trend, but the former's shift distance to the west (south) was significantly smaller (larger) than that of the latter. (2) China's tourism eco-efficiency and ecotourism network attention were mainly at positive spatial mismatch level, and form a spatial pattern of "negative spatial mismatch in the provinces of the eastern region of China and positive spatial mismatch in the provinces of the central and western regions". (3) The spatial mismatch between tourism eco-efficiency and ecotourism network attention was influenced by multiple factors; as the level of these factors increased, industrial structure, government regulation, transportation facilities and the digital economy would contribute to the growth of tourism eco-efficiency, while tourism agglomeration, technological innovation and market potential would contribute to the growth of ecotourism network attention.

The overall goal of rural revitalization and common prosperity of tourism in rural areas is to promote the construction of harmonious and beautiful villages and to improve the residents' happiness. Based on the relationship among "people, land and industry", taking Zhushan village in Fenghuang county as a case study, this paper adopts in-depth interviews and text analysis to explore, from a micro perspective, the mechanism of coordination and integration in terms of the improvement of residents' happiness in tourist destinations and the development mechanism of harmonious rural construction. The results are shown as follows: (1) The symbiosis system of "rural tourism-harmony and beautiful villages-residents' happiness" transforms from irrelevant symbiosis to synergistic symbiosis through the role of rural reconstruction of the symbiotic environment. (2) Reshaping the symbiotic environment of rural development through the "company+tourism cooperative+farmer" mode can promote the reconstruction of rural economy, society and space, which drives the coordinated and integrated development of rural construction and improves residents' happiness. (3) Under the effect of the internal symbiotic environment of "three changes+four forces+five prosperities", and in combination with the interest connection, cooperative operation, mutual assistance and coordination mechanism, we will promote the coordinated and integrated development of residents' quality of life, social welfare, career development, and spiritual culture.

Based on the panel data of 48 districts and counties in the Wuling Mountainou area, the dual machine learning method mediation model and moderation model were employed to investigate the impact mechanism of tourismfication on urban-rural integration development. The results showed that: (1) Both the levels of the tourismfication and urban-rural integration development in the Wuling Mountain area showed an upward trend. The spatial differences in tourismfication gradually increased, while the spatial distribution pattern of the level of urban-rural integration development was relatively stable. (2) Tourismfication had a positive promoting effect on urban-rural integration development, mainly reflected in the positive impact on the urban-rural "industry" elements integration. However, due to the differences in ownership under the dual urban-rural land system, there was a negative impact on the urban-rural "land" elements integration, and there was no significant impact on the urban-rural "people" elements integration. (3) The construction of digital infrastructure and the upgrading of industrial structure were important paths through which tourismfication affects the urban-rural integration development. Marketization could positively regulate the relationship between tourismfication and the urban-rural integration development, while government intervention presented a negative regulatory effect. (4) The impact of tourismfication on the urban-rural integration development showed significant spatial heterogeneity. On the one hand, districts, cities and counties where high-speed railways had been opened, former national key poverty alleviation counties and national all-for-one tourism demonstration areas all exhibited relatively strong positive impacts. On the other hand, the positive impact effected in the sub-areas of Chongqing, Hubei and Guizhou weakened successively, and the sub-area of Hunan showed an insignificant positive effect.