As a newly emerged model of progressive update for urbanising villages across localities in China, retrofitting urbanising villages aims to promote livability of young and newly-arrived citizens, but its spatial performance has not been systematically dissected. This paper firstly reveals social-spatial effect of retrofitting through analysis of inter-group differences. Then the structural equation model is used to compare differences of residential preference between tenants in retrofitted apartments and in private rental houses without retrofitting. The spatial performance of retrofitting is evaluated from the perspective of livability of young and newly-arrived citizens, and improving strategy is proposed. The findings are as follows: (1) Retrofitting is making urbanising villages transition from "low-incomer concentrated areas" to "livable communities for young and newly-arrived citizens". (2) A significant difference exists in residential preferences between tenants in retrofitted apartments and those un-renovated private houses. The former prefers high-quality, well-equipped and secure housing, while the latter needs affordable housing with reasonable layout and health. In order to promote smooth transition of urbanising villages, improving strategies at city level and community level are then proposed.

This paper constructs a resident's satisfaction evaluation system for urban village renewal based on the theory of actual-expectation gap and the theory of social satisfaction, and uses structural equation model to empirically analyze 18 urban villages in Shenzhen, which is aimed at exploring the satisfaction impact mechanism of villagers and tenants on the demolition-reconstruction or comprehensive renovation. The results show that: (1) The satisfaction of villagers in demolition-reconstruction is higher than that in comprehensive renovation.The main influencing factors are economic compensation and participation rights. (2) Tenants are more satisfied with comprehensive renovation than villagers.The influencing factors that cause differences include participation rights and housing neighborhood environment. (3) The property unified rental model has a more significant effect on improving tenants' satisfaction, while villagers may prefer non-property unified rental models. The main influencing factors include living environment, changes in income and expenditure, and participation rights. Based on this, optimization suggestions are proposed: (1) Drawing on demolition-reconstruction's policies, establishing and improving policies or standards for comprehensive renovation to protect residents' rights. Fully considering the implementation of the rights of villagers and tenants in the process of urban village renewal, achieving standardization of science popularization and publicity work for pre-renewal, and establishing a feedback mechanism for renewal opinions in the future. (2) Comprehensively evaluating the current situation of urban villages, then exploring suitable transformation models according to local conditions, and encouraging parallel development of "order based" and "menu based" transformation. (3) The government should leverage its policy coordination advantages, actively collaborate with the rental market, solve the problem of low-cost residential space shortage, and form a long-term and stable renewal linked housing supply system.

Since China's reform and opening-up in 1978, stock land regeneration has played an increasingly important and unique role in the evolution process of China's urban space during the transition period. However, China's urban practice has long been closely bound to the theme of economic development, which makes the domestic research on China's urban regeneration process focus on its spatial and economic dimensions while relatively ignoring its social impact. Based on high-definition satellite images and other dynamic data, this paper draws 8998 pieces high resolution land plots, and analyzes the spatio-temporal path of Tianjin's inner-city regeneration actions from 2001 to 2020. The empirical research finds that urban regeneration actions mostly occur in traditional urban areas and old industrial storage areas with rich history and culture resources, complete spatial texture, as well as significant location advantages. At the same time, large-scale demolition and reconstruction quickly triggers a systematic transformation of the functional structure of urban land use. Complex historical backgrounds such as the land finance paradigm, socioeconomic transformation, and incremental planning inertia are the external driving factors for the formation of the above characteristics; at the same time, the practice of inner-city regeneration in China during the transition period also causes complex secondary social impacts at least in three dimensions. In the social-economic dimension, the real estate development process based on stock areas has achieved large-scale wealth redistribution among inner-city citizens. In the social-space dimension, material space regeneration has triggered an overall functional reorganization, which has driven the continued agglomeration and dispersal of diverse social groups in the city. In the social-life dimension, these short-term, concentrated, and semi-mandatory demolition and reconstruction actions in traditional urban areas have fundamentally reshaped the daily lives of residents who have migrated out of the old city center. Finally, as a prospect, we believe that this research may help improve the theoretical construction of the social impact assessment and social value cognition of China's contemporary urban regeneration actions, and support the high-quality spatial planning and governance in China's future stock-development era.

Development and stability constitute the fundamental logic of government governance decision-making. As a recurrent governance issue in the reconstruction of urban villages, the problem of left-behind households is not only associated with the redistribution of renovation benefits and the efficiency of implementation but also has the potential to escalate into political and social incidents that impact social stability. The institutional change of the governance of left-behind households problem reflects the change of local government governance decisions. Based on an analysis of the decision-making logic of local governments, an explanatory model for the institutional change in the governance of left-behind households is constructed to analyze the government decision-making logic, the design, and implementation of the institution for the governance of left-behind households in Guangzhou at various stages of urban village reconstruction since 2009. The study claims that: (1) The institutional change in the governance of left-behind households in urban villages in Guangzhou is a process where local governments continuously strike a balance between the development orientation of renovation implementation efficiency and government benefits and the stability orientation of maintaining local social stability, presenting distinct characteristics of gradual institutional change. (2) Guangzhou gradually explores the formal institutional experience of systematic and effective governance of left-behind households from three aspects: reducing the probability of left-behind households, attenuating the impact of left-behind households, and formulating compulsory measures, which holds reference significance for current megacities to actively and steadily advance urban village reconstruction and urban renewal institution construction.

In recent years, along with the continuous promotion of urban regeneration, the scale of urban villages in megacities has dropped sharply. Thus, a large number of migrants have moved to old and dilapidated communities with low rent and poor quality. It is urgent to examine the neighborhood effects in such areas to improve the quality of urban space and the public health of vulnerable groups. Taking Wuhan as a case, this paper integrates multi-source data such as questionnaire, image, text and geographic data, and adopts deep learning and multiple-group structural equation modeling to explore the effects of neighborhood environment on migrants' mental health. The results show that: (1) Compared with newly-built communities, old and dilapidated communities have poorer physical environment quality, but higher living convenience, closer neighborhood relations and more serious social discrimination. There are significant differences in livelihood issues between the two types of communities. (2) After controlling socio-economic and demographic characteristics, neighborhood physical and social environments have a significant impact on migrants' mental health, and residential satisfaction is the key environmental psychological factor. Low public transit station density, low social discrimination, and high neighborhood familiarity have positive impacts on migrants' mental health by improving their residential satisfaction. (3) The analysis of community heterogeneity shows that physical environments mainly affect the mental health of migrants in old and dilapidated communities, while social environments play a decisive role in newly-built communities. The health effects and environmental psychological mechanisms of greening rate, community space quality and social discrimination are significantly different between old and dilapidated communities and newly-built communities. This study contributes to understanding the health effects of megacity neighborhood environments and providing scientific support for building inclusive communities.