The realization of the value of ecological products in the field of natural resources is a key path to implement the transformation concept of "two mountains" and promote ecological benefits and economic development. The existing ecological product value realization mechanism and local practice mode have problems such as single governance subject and insufficient driving force of participating subject. Therefore, this paper analyzes the theoretical logic of ecological product value realization in the field of natural resources with the help of multi-agent collaborative governance theory. Based on this, a multi-agent collaborative mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products in the field of natural resources is designed with the "production-supply-sales" mechanism, the value co-creation mechanism of ecological products in the field of natural resources and the information exchange mechanism of ecological products in the field of natural resources as the core elements. This will help expand the value realization model of land resource ecological products, water resource ecological products, forest resource ecological products, wetland resource ecological products. Guided by the multi-subject cooperative mechanism of ecological product value realization in the field of natural resources, we create a new pattern of ecological product value realization with multi-subject co-governance.

Land use optimization in comprehensive land consolidation can meet the different demands for land under different objectives and alleviate potential land use conflicts. The national pilot project of comprehensive land consolidation in Danzhou city in Hainan province is selected as a case in this study. This paper sets two scenarios for comprehensive land consolidation including ecological value priority and realization potential of ecological product value priority under the trade-off between the increasing ecological value and realization potential of ecological product value. And the land use optimization is based on the third national land resource survey of the pilot project. Then the multi-objective programming model and GeoSOS-FLUS model are employed to optimize the land use structure and land use layout under two scenarios in comprehensive land consolidation. The results show that: (1) Compared to the land use status in 2019, the areas of mangrove forest and paddy field significantly increase under the ecological value priority scenario in the pilot project zone. The overall landscape exhibits a high level of polymerization, while evenness and fragmentation levels are relatively high. (2) Compared to the ecological value priority scenario, the areas of mangrove forest and paddy field decrease under the realization potential of the ecological product value priority scenario in the pilot project zone. And the areas of commercial and service land significantly increase. The level of landscape fragmentation of the overall landscape increases as well. (3) There are similarities and differences between the land use layout under the two scenarios and the construction project layout of comprehensive land consolidation in the Implementation Plan for the National Pilot Project of Comprehensive Land Consolidation in the Starting Zone of Danzhou City. Therefore, the areas and spatial layout of different types of land for increasing ecological value and realizing the potential of ecological product value should be considered overall in the comprehensive land consolidation. Meanwhile, we should pay attention to the effects of land use optimization on the landscape.

With the practical exploration of the transformation mechanism of "Green is Gold" in local communities, the development of ecological industries has gradually become an important component of the construction of ecological civilization. Some scholars proposed that eco-products should be defined as the "fourth sector" of products parallel to agricultural products, industrial products and service products, and put forward the concept of the quaternary industry of ecological products. However, since the quaternary industry of ecological products is a new concept, its concept connotation, scope boundary and accounting framework still need to be further clarified. Based on the essential characteristics of the quaternary industry of ecological products, which focuses on ecological resources as the key input factor, this paper extends the Romer production function which describes the industrial production process by separating out the ecological resources from the input factors, and discusses the connotation of the concept of the quaternary industry of ecological products on the basis of the new production function. This paper suggests that the products of the quaternary industry of ecological products are the final goods or services created by the combined inputs of ecological resources, manufactured capital, human capital, labor and other factors, among which ecological resources are the key input factor that is difficult to be replaced. The quaternary sector focuses on the contribution of ecological resources inputs to the value of the final goods and services, and therefore the ecological products that take the final form of operational products are the major focus of the quaternary sector. On this basis, this paper discusses the relationship between Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP), Inclusive Wealth (IW) and the quaternary sector of ecological products. In addition, this paper proposes an idea for the construction of the quaternary sector accounting framework based on the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA) and the input-occupancy-output technique. We add rows and columns to the input-occupancy-output table and separate the quaternary sector, so as to quantify the flow and stock forms of the new production function, which will be useful for us to calculate the contribution from ecological resource inputs as part of the value of eco-products.

Drawing on Marx's theory of expanded reproduction, this paper argues that the key to enhancing the supply of public ecological products from agricultural land lies in effectively harnessing the value of these products and increasing and greening the scale of agricultural land. To this end, the paper employs both the emergy method and grey correlation analysis to conduct an empirical examination of the supply of public ecological products from agricultural land in Henan province and the factors that influence the supply. The results of the quantitative analysis indicate that during the period of 2000-2020, the overall supply of public ecological products from agricultural land in Henan showed a growth trend, with carbon sequestration and oxygen release being the main types of these products. Ecological damage, overall, presents a fluctuating upward trend, with soil heavy metal pollution being the main type of ecological damage. In addition, the damage caused by public ecological products in the province on the supply of public ecological products from agricultural land shows a decreasing trend, but as of 2020, the ecological damage in Henan still reduced 8.57% of the ecological supply. In this regard, the key driving factors of the current supply of ecological products from agricultural land are the expansionary reproduction behaviors of agricultural land production scale. However, the lack of mechanism for realizing the value of public ecological products from agricultural land and the decline in the level of green utilization of agricultural land hinder the further enhancement of the ecological products supply from agricultural land. Based on this, we propose different paths for enhancing public ecological products from agricultural land from the perspective of realizing the value of ecological products: improving the top-level mechanism, enhancing market transaction path, and stimulating market demand; from the stand of green utilization of agriculture, we propose: reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, converting irrigation mode, innovating and promoting of green planting technology. Taken together, our findings can provide the theoretical reference and directional guidance for relieving the contradiction between the people's growing demand for an agreeable ecological environment and the unbalanced and insufficient development.