The present study was carried out in Lishan Nature Reserve. Firstly, the evaluation index system for the ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community near tourist roads was constructed from multiple angles in this paper. Secondly, all the samples were classified using a two-way indicator species analysis method, and the characteristics of different forest communities were studied, especially the critical types. Thirdly, the comprehensive ecological information of all the samples was extracted by detrended correspondence analysis method, the ecological distance of each sample was calculated, and their ecological environment carrying capacity was also measured. At last, the correlations among the ecological environmental carrying capacity in forest community and the evaluation indicators measuring for the ecological environmental carrying capacity in forest community and various geographic factors were identified. The results showed that: (1) Forest communities can be divided into 7 different types in Lishan Nature Reserve: the group of no therophytes-more seedlings-more chamaephytes, the group of no therophytes-the most seedlings-no chamaephytes, the group of no therophytes-no chamaephyte-the most cryptophytes, the group of less therophytes-no chamaephytes-no cryptophytes, the group of the most therophytes-medium seedlings-more chamaephytes, the group of more therophytes-few seedlings-no shrubs, the group of less therophytes-the least seedlings-less shrubs. (2) The calculation results of the ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community near tourist roads showed that: in all the samples, 33 were unoverloaded, and 7 were overloaded, with an overload rate of 17.07%. (3) In part, most of the evaluation indicators (such as the coverage of shrub layer, the important value of tree and shrub landscape, the important value ratio of phaenerophytes and hemicryptophyte and the quantity of seedling) which were used for measuring ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community were significantly correlated with slope, however, they had no correlation with other geographical factors. Nevertheless, the correlation between the ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community and the geographical factors was not significant on the whole. In addition, the correlation was significant between the ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community and the index in terms of not only the vertical and horizontal structure of the community (such as the coverage of tree and herbaceous layer and the landscape important value of trees and the herbaceous) but also the ratio of life form (such as the important value ratio of therophytes and chamaephytes).

The pro-environmental behavior of tourists is an effective way to fully implement the concept of ecological civilization and vigorously promote the more efficient, more equitable and more sustainable development of natural protected areas. Based on the value-belief-norm theory and the emotional appraisal theory, Yuzui Wetland Park in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province was selected as the sample collection site, and the mixture methods of online survey and on-site survey were used to collect the data. The AMOS 26.0 software was used to construct a second-order structural equation model and explore the driving mechanism of tourists' pro-environmental behavior in natural protected areas. The results showed that: (1) Environmental values, environmental beliefs, moral norms and moral emotions are the key influencing factors of tourists' pro-environmental behavior. (2) Environmental values are the basic variables, which indirectly and positively affect pro-environmental behavior of tourists through the environmental beliefs, the moral norms and the moral emotions. (3) Environmental beliefs and moral norms are important mediating variables of tourists' pro-environmental behavior, and they both have multiple chain mediating effects in the relationship between environmental values and pro-environmental behavior. Moral norms can directly affect tourists' pro-environmental behavior and indirectly affect tourists' pro-environmental behavior through moral emotions. (4) Moral emotions are the most direct and important factors, which have a positive and significant promoting effect on tourists' pro-environmental behavior. Accordingly, suggestions were provided for the stimulation of tourists' pro-environmental behavior from the aspects of ecocentrism values cultivation, environmental beliefs education, moral norms regulation and moral emotions edification, etc., so as to realize the high-quality development of natural protected areas.

As a popular natural scenic spot in the city, urban nature park often faces the problem of crowding due to its scarcity. However, the crowding problem of this type of scenic spot has received insufficient attention in academic circles. In order to explore the relationship among visitors' crowding perception, adjusting mechanism and satisfaction, this paper introduces the theoretical model of "perception of crowding-adjusting mechanism-emotion-visitor satisfaction" and takes Dafushan Forest Park, a typical urban natural park in the south of Guangzhou, China, as a case study. According to data analysis of 449 questionnaires collected by convenience sampling, this paper uses a structural equation model to analyze the relationship among crowding perception, adjusting mechanism and visitor satisfaction. The results show that: (1) The adjusting mechanism can be divided into five types, namely no adjustment, temporal adjustment, spatial adjustment, activity adjustment and cognitive adjustment, of which, the adjusting mechanism has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between perception of crowding and visitor satisfaction. (2) The relationship between perception of crowding and tourist satisfaction is partly mediated by emotion, the mediating effect of positive emotion is more significant than that of negative emotion. Crowding perception not only directly and negatively affects visitors' satisfaction, but also indirectly affects it through positive and negative emotions. (3) Visitors who engage in different types of activities show certain differences in the choice of adjusting. For example, tourists who engage in social activities have higher activity adjustment levels than those who engage in sports activities and cultural activities. This paper proposes that scenic spots should formulate more effective management measures, for example, establish smart scenic spots to guide tourists to adjust and relieve the perception of congestion, pay attention to the emotional experience of visitors, and enrich the activities of scenic spots to promote visitors' activity adjustment level. This paper conducts a comprehensive study on the crowding perception of urban natural parks that used to be lack of attention, and introduces the adjusting mechanism as a moderator and emotion as a mediator for discussion on the relationship between perception of crowding and tourist satisfaction. It enriches studies on natural parks and crowding, as well as helps to promote the sustainable development of this type of scenic spots.