The construction of ecological civilization is an important national strategy in China, and the Qinling Mountains play a strategic position in the construction of ecological civilization in China. To clearly understand the existing problems and paths of ecological civilization construction in the Qinling-Daba Mountains, nine well-known researchers from different fields were invited in an interview on cutting-edge research topics in the Qinling Mountains. The interview covered such topics as ecological patterns and geographic processes, scientific investigations, rural revitalization, and water resources protection. The results of the interview show that: to gain a better understanding of the important value of the study area and to carry out the ecological protection and sustainable development in the New Era, it is necessary to understand the ecological and environmental effects of the North-South Transitional Zone of China, reveal the ecosystem service functions, emphasize the pivotal role in maintaining national ecological security, and conduct research on ecological protection and restoration of the Qinling Mountains. It is significant to continuously monitor the ecological functions, build an intelligent monitoring system integrating "Space-Air-Ground", continue to carry out comprehensive scientific investigations, pay attention to major scientific propositions, discover the unique geographical phenomena and laws of the Qinling Mountains, and form a scientific data sharing mechanism and platform to support regional scientific research and decision support. Under the new mobility paradigm, we should look at the resettlement project from a dynamic perspective, focus on the livelihoods of different groups and types of immigrants, and solve immigration problems through a diversified security system. In the context of climate change, it is necessary to attach importance to the response of the Qinling Mountains to climate change and human activities, strengthen the construction of regional transportation infrastructure, find out the law of evolution and changing trend of Qinling Mountains' water resources, and to carry out systematic management to ensure long-term and safe supply of water resources, and promote sustainable social and economic development.

Based on entropy weight-TOPSIS and improved coupling coordination model, the study analyzed the characteristics of regional function transformation and its system coupling coordination degrees in the Qinling-Daba Mountains, and revealed regional function transformation mechanism, and proposed a high-quality development path. The results show that: (1) Since the implementation of China's western development policy, the regional comprehensive functions of the Qinling-Daba Mountains has been optimized. The function index of economic development and social security have been enhanced significantly. However, agricultural production and ecological service function index decreased first and then increased. (2) The coupling and coordination degree between different regional functions presents a progressive evolution rule from low to high level. Regional functions change from agricultural production-oriented to ecological protection-oriented, and then to balanced coordination of various functions. (3) The degree of coupling coordination among different counties has obvious characteristics of "high in the northwest, but low in the southeast". High-value areas are concentrated on the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains and along the Hanshui River. In the future, by innovating regional coordinated development strategy, constructing a green development system, exploring a high-quality development mode, and building a technological platform, we can enhance the coupling coordination degree of regional function and regional innovation capacity to promote high-quality development of Qinling-Daba Mountains.

Mountain ranges are often natural corridors for wildlife's dispersal and distribution in their trendings. However, due to the habitat fragmentation caused by human activities, the connectivity of mountain corridor has been greatly reduced. Since the 20th century, it is generally recognized that current and previous conservation efforts are often not implemented at scales large enough for long-term persistence of many species and the ecological processes they depend on. Therefore, connectivity conservation of mountains has received increasing attention, and large-scale ecological corridors have been considered to be the best strategy for protecting the long-term biodiversity under climate change. This article reviews the concepts and development history of ecological corridor, the experiences of large-scale ecological corridor practices abroad, and proposes some suggestions for the coming Qinling National Park from the perspective of connectivity conservation. This study points out that large-scale connectivity conservation and ecological corridors are of great significance for the long-term protection of the natural ecosystem of national parks.

Influenced by global change, temperature zone boundaries significantly have moved toward higher latitudes, especially the spatial distribution of subtropical zones is more sensitive to global warming, and the study of the spatial change characteristics of its boundaries is of great significance to understand the potential impact of global changes on natural landscapes. Based on the daily average temperature data from 1960 to 2019 from 74 meteorological stations in and around the Qinling Mountains, the 220-day contour of daily average temperature ≥10 ℃ continuous days with 80% guarantee and the 0 ℃ isotherm in January were selected as the northern boundary indicators of the north subtropics, and the trends of the boundaries of the Qinling climate zone under the background of climate warming in the past 60 years were explored. The results showed that: (1) The number of days with daily average temperature ≥10 ℃ in the study area during the period 1960-2019 showed a significant upward trend, with a change rate of 3.268 d/10 a; the average January temperature showed a weakly significant upward trend, with a change rate of 0.179 ℃/10 a. (2) The northern boundary of the north subtropics in the Qinling Mountains underwent a significant uplift in the past 60 years, with an average height of about 228.89 m. In terms of longitude, the northern boundary of the north subtropics in the middle section from 106°E to 111°E had the greatest change, with a rise of 308.81 m in the 60 years, which is significantly higher than the other two sections in the north and west (165.69 m in the east, 243.33 m in the west, and 267.01 m in the north). (3) The northern subtropical transitional zone of the Qinling Mountains climbed significantly in the 60 years and moved northward. Also, the "north" subtropical zone north of the Qinling Mountains climbed significantly and moved northward; the northern subtropical transitional zone of the Qinling Mountains climbed significantly and moved northward in the past 60 years. After the abrupt change in temperature, the northern subtropical transitional zone extended from the southern slope of the Qinling to the eastern part of the mountains and advanced northward into the Guanzhong Plain, and the role of the southern slope as the boundary between the north subtropical and warm temperate zones was weakened. With the climate warming, the northern subtropical transitional zone may continue to climb to higher elevations, and the northern subtropical transitional zone may be partially or integrally transformed into the north subtropical zone, and the north subtropical zone will be continuously distributed from the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains to the northern slope, and then the northern boundary of the north subtropical zone breaks through the Qinling Mountains.

The Qinling Mountains region, an important water conservation region and ecological function support region, as well as a major ecological barrier in China, plays a critical role in conserving water resources. Based on the data of meteorology and land use, this paper estimates the water yield service in the Qinling region based on InVEST model, and uses spatio-temporal analysis method and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to discuss the variation characteristics and driving factors of water-producing services in the study region from 2000 to 2018. The results show that the average annual water yield in Qinling is 235.16 mm, showing a weak downward trend in 2019 with the highest value (470.17 mm) in 2003 and the lowest (75.57 mm) in 2007. The spatial distribution of water yield gradually decreased from the south to the north with obvious "stepped" distribution characteristics. The change trend of water yield has an insignificant increase and decrease (95.99%), and a small number of regions with a significant increase are formed at higher altitude in the Central and Western Qinling region. There are obvious spatial differences in the fluctuation of water yield in the region, which present a trend of "higher in the north than in the south, mainly with medium and low fluctuation and strong fluctuation in the northwest". The influence of various factors on water production services has obvious spatial heterogeneity. The study region is dominated by precipitation (33.18%), which is concentrated in the southern part of Qinling Mountains with more water production, followed by NPP (17.90%) and actual evapotranspiration (16.71%), which are the main influencing factors in the Central and Northern Qinling Mountains. The research results provide theoretical and technical support for the safety and sustainable utilization of water resources in the Qinling region.

Protecting ecosystems and improving the well-being of people are at the core of achieving the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Based on the analysis of the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of ecosystem services and residents' well-being in Qinba Mountains, this paper reveals the spatio-temporal coupling relationship between ecosystem services and residents' well-being using the elastic coefficient. The results showed that: (1) The total water conservation and soil conservation showed a fluctuating decreasing trend, while the total carbon storage showed a slow increasing trend, and the ecosystem services showed different spatial differentiation characteristics from 1990 to 2018. (2) The well-being of residents is on the rise, with an increase of 220%, and the distribution presents a pattern of "high in the south, but low in the north". (3) At the county level, due to the differences in resource endowment and economic level, the three ecosystem services and residents' well-being are obviously not coordinated. Among them, the coupling relationship between water conservation, carbon sequestration services and residents' well-being was dominated by "welfare increase - service decrease", accounting for 88.75% and 62.5%, respectively. However, the coupling relationship between soil conservation services and residents' well-being was dominated by "double increase", accounting for 57.5%. At the same time, the reverse changes of ecosystem services and residents' well-being were mainly distributed in the Hanjiang River valley basin and the central part of the Qinling Mountains. The results of this study can provide a decision-making basis for promoting the coordinated development of ecosystem services and residents' well-being in poverty-stricken mountainous areas.

The new environmental integration of ecological migration is of great significance to the realization of the goal of resettlement. In this study, a semi-structured interview was conducted to investigate 196 ecological migrants who had been resettled nearby in three cities of Shangluo, Ankang and Hanzhong. Through qualitative analysis and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), this paper makes a correlation analysis between hometown attachment and place integration/alienation of migrants, which shows that migrants' integration into the new environment is a process of hometown-new home interaction. Compared with other types of immigrants, the interaction is more remarkable because of the close placement, including hometown identity, functional dependence and social support, which makes the relationship between hometown and new home more comprehensive. The complexity of the connection between the hometown and the new home is an important factor leading to the alienation of migrants from the new environment. The study suggests that, in addition to addressing the practical difficulties, migrants should be allowed to interact with their hometown and new settlements, and that further policy arrangements should be made for the interaction in order to gradually realize the migrants' psychological and social multi-level integration into the new environment.

As a national strategy, the policy of rural revitalization is of great significance. Rural social space united by social progress and spacial progress is not only a new perspective but also an important way to promote rural revitalization in mountainous areas. Based on field investigation in three counties in Shaanxi province, namely, Zhashui, Shangzhou, and Taibai, the participants, composition and evolution types of rural social space in mountainous areas are analyzed. The conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) Four participants are included in the process of shaping rural social space, namely, government, rural elites, outside investors and local farmers. Among them, the government plays a leading role; rural elites play a connecting role; the outside investors are the new promoters in rural areas. Local farmers are the base of rural social space. (2) The rural social space in mountainous areas is composed of physical space, action space and institutional space. (3) There are six basic forms of rural social spacial evolution in mountainous areas: production, separation, transfer, expansion, compression, and vanishing. Finally, it is considered that the rural society in mountainous areas should be guided to develop healthily by establishing social space that rooted in rural areas.

The concept of resilience provides a new perspective for the study of rural development in poor mountainous areas of the Qinling Mountains. Research on the potential of rural revitalization from the perspective of resilience is of great significance for improving the endogenous development momentum of poor mountainous villages and realizing effective rural revitalization. This paper takes Shangluo, a mountainous city of Qinling as a case. Based on the theoretical construction, the paper establishes a poverty-stricken mountainous village resilience evaluation system to measure the resilience index, and uses spatial principal component analysis to identify the restoration ability. Based on the key influencing factors of power, the classification system of the potential types of rural revitalization in the three districts and counties is proposed. The research results show that: (1) The resilience index of the three districts and counties of Shangluo is in a concentrated distribution, and the resilience is generally low. (2) Environmental and economic factors play a decisive role in the resilience of rural communities. (3) The rural revitalization potential of the three districts and counties can be divided into four types: balanced development potential area, agricultural leading potential area, agricultural tourism concurrently operating potential area, and geographical environment restricted potential area. Targeted measures for revitalization strategy are proposed according to their resource endowments and current development conditions.

This paper introduces Bourdieu's capital theory and constructs a multiple capitals conceptual model. Taking S village at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains in Xi'an as an example, this paper makes a qualitative research and visual analysis on the process and mechanism of space production and shrinkage under the comprehensive influence of different types of capitals. The results show that: (1) The three circulation of economic capital promotes the commodification of physical space in S village. The difference of financial capital owned by merchants leads to the differentiation of economic class and spatial differentiation in the village, and the entry of foreign economic capital is likely to induce social risk. (2) The change of structural social capital, such as the social network interwoven by the new-born business relationship, kinship and geographical relationship, leads to the hybridity of social space and the differentiation of local identity in S village. The decline of cognitive social capital, such as social trust, leads to the interior movement of villagers' communication space and promotes the formation of a new space governance order. (3) Embodied cultural capital such as merchants' personal taste creates diversified cultural space, and institutionalized cultural capital such as collective titles given by the government promotes the formation of professional village brand of agritainment. (4) Under the guidance of meta capital, three major tourism projects in the village were demolished, and S village changed from continuous space reproduction to space shrinkage. (5) Natural monopoly rent, the advantage of small-scale collective action, indirect control and direct influence of meta capital, and dual locking effect constitute the mechanism of space production and shrinkage in S village.