In response to the needs of hierarchy, diversity and difference in territorial spatial planning, this paper discusses the basic logic problems, application challenges and responses between resource and environment carrying capacity, territorial development suitability ("double evaluations") and territorial spatial planning. By systematically combing the theoretical development and policy response of "double evaluations", this paper summarizes the research focus and service objectives of "double evaluations" in the three stages of application exploration, connotation expansion and system support, and expounds the evolution process of the logic of capacity and suitability. Several key challenges in the application of the current "double evaluations" are sorted out. First, the logic of the application of "double evaluations" in the delineation of "three types of spatial zones and alert lines" is not yet clear. Second, there is a logical paradox between the current carrying capacity evaluation and future planning decision-making. Third, the "double evaluations" method fails to pass in the territorial spatial planning at different levels. Finally, there are still controversies on the relationship logic between the two evaluations. Therefore, this paper puts forward four suggestions to improve the "double evaluations": deepen the theoretical cognition, expand the evaluation dimensions, establish the transmission mechanism, and clarify the internal relationship, so as to enhance the support of the "double evaluations" to the territorial spatial planning decision-making.

"Double evaluation" is the system setting and technical foundation of territorial spatial planning system. Based on the practical cases, this paper gives theoretical reflection on the Trial Guide. The results show that the scientific questions and hypotheses are constructed into the technological and logical paths of "double evaluation". Meanwhile, "double evaluation" exerts its impact by constraint and correction of planning system institutional construction. "Double evaluation" plays an effective role when it combines science and policy, but it is difficult for both sides to be perfect. This kind of problem on technical methodology and data aspects can be interpreted as "add-on dilemma", "decomposition dilemma" and "sorting dilemma". To achieve a reasonable and effective "double evaluation", it is necessary to improve the technical rationality and coupling of the evaluation content. Meanwhile, through the understanding of the difference between scientific research and decision support research, based on full adaptation to decision-making mechanisms and subject objectives, the evaluation method should be optimized according to the hierarchy and arrangement of governmental authorities. The conclusion of this paper is of practical significance to the position optimization and technical logic improvement of "double evaluation".

The evaluations of resources and environment carrying capacity and territorial space suitability ("double evaluations") play a fundamental role in the new territorial spatial planning system, which is crucial for the scientificity of spatial decision-making and the effectiveness of spatial governance. This paper mainly focuses on the territorial space planning at the provincial level. Through applying "double evaluations" in the provincial territorial spatial planning, we aim to find the scientific support and basic requirements, and to summarize the challenges the evaluation faces both in theory and practice. On this basis, we propose a provincial "double evaluations" program, which includes three-dimensional connotation, one relationship, two scales and four levels. Then this paper explores the carrying capacity, pressure and potential of the resources and environment in Zhejiang province. Based on the logical relationship between carrying capacity and suitability, the provincial "double evaluations" is carried out from the scale of county and grid units. It also supports the formulation of provincial territorial spatial planning in four aspects, which are identification of advantages and weakness, the overall planning of special elements, the arrangement of development sequence and the optimization of spatial patterns. This study attempts to provide a feasible, scientific and practical evaluation framework for "double evaluations" at the provincial level, and to provide evidence for spatial pattern optimization, structural adjustment and index decomposition in territorial spatial planning.

The coordinated development of territorial space is the premise of regional sustainable development. How to optimize the territorial space structure and build a reasonable control model has become one of the important issues that need to be urgently solved. This study took Wenshan city in Yunnan province, a typical karst mountainous area, as an example. It explored the optimization method of territorial space based on the "dual evaluations" and the amendment rules of conflict areas to optimize the territorial space partitions and propose control models for territorial space partitions and rocky desertification partitions. The results showed that: (1) The territorial space of karst mountainous areas in Yunnan province could be divided into 6 types, namely, urban development boundary area, urban reserved area, permanent basic farmland area, general agricultural area, ecological protection red line area, and general ecological area. Among them, the ecological protection red line area had the largest area, while the urban development boundary area had the smallest area. (2) The urban development boundary area and the urban reserved area were mainly distributed in the east and southeast; the permanent basic farmland area and the general agricultural area were mainly distributed in the north and south; the general ecological area was in the northwest and southwest; and the ecological protection red line area was in the west, south, east, and northeast, and the east and northeast parts of the study area were mainly rocky desertification areas. (3) According to the development potential and trend of each territorial space type, the control measures and models for territorial space partitions were proposed. For the areas of mild, moderate and severe rocky desertification, the paths and methods of development and protection in rocky desertification partitions were proposed for urban space, agricultural space, and ecological space. The results of this research can provide decision support for the reasonable development of territorial space and the control of rocky desertification in karst areas, and the methods and ideas of this research can provide references for territorial spatial optimization and control.

The resources and environment carrying capacity is an important basis for measuring the resource conditions of a region and guiding the spatial distribution of land. In the current evaluation research of resources and environment carrying capacity, we are faced with problems such as the unclear dynamic mechanism of the carrying capacity and the insufficient dynamic evaluation of the resource elements. In order to objectively and accurately evaluate the resources and environment carrying capacity of small and medium-sized county units under the requirements of high-quality development, this article, from an open system perspective, reflects the spatial and temporal dynamic properties of carrying capacity and explores the coupling mechanism between the four subsystems of resources, environment, socio-economy, and population. Then it discusses the impact of resource flow on the carrying scale and carrying quality of resource inflow and outflow areas. Based on the exploration of the dynamic carrying mechanism of resources and environment carrying capacity, a theoretical framework for the dynamic evaluation of resources and environment carrying capacity at the county scale is constructed. Finally, the framework is applied to Wuqing district of Tianjin to test its applicability. Empirical research results show that, compared with static evaluation, the dynamic carrying capacity evaluation results are closer to the real situation of local resources, environment and socio-economic level, which, to a certain extent, can support the decision-making of territorial spatial planning at the local level and the optimization of resource space at the regional level.

Scientific cognition and evaluation on resources-environment carrying capacity is the basis and prerequisite for territorial spatial planning. From the perspective of sustainable urban ecosystem management, the evaluation framework and theoretical model for resources-environment carrying capacity and indices of "potential" (RECC_p) and "realistic" (RECC) resources-environment carrying capacity were proposed. Taking Yantai city as an example, we use the trade-off coefficient method to discuss the relationship between RECC_p and RECC. Results showed that the RECC_p was overall high while RECC was medium in Yantai city. There were significant regional differences between districts (counties). The shortage of water resources and environmental pollution were bottlenecks that would restrict the sustainable development of urban ecosystem in the future. The impacts of human activities on RECC in areas with low supply of ecosystem services were more obvious than those in areas with high supply. The impacts of human activities on RECC_p were significant in urban fringe areas. This research could enrich the theoretical methods for evaluation of resources-environment carrying capacity and provide decision-making support for land use optimization.

The purpose of this paper is to simplify the "double evaluations" mechanism and evaluation process, build an index system with karst characteristics from the perspective of ecological civilization to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the local resource background, and depict the characteristics of the spatial pattern more accurately. The evaluation index system was constructed from three perspectives including ecology, agriculture and construction. And we integrated the "barrel short board effect", weighted linear summation and multi-factor spatial overlap analysis to calculate the suitability degree of different functions in Ningyuan. The results show that the importance of ecological protection in the study area is relatively high, and the characteristics of spatial agglomeration and differentiation are obvious. The suitability of agricultural production is generally low. The areas suitable for production mainly take the central dividing line of the city as the axis belt, which shows a symmetrical distribution pattern on the east and west sides. On the whole, the suitability of construction and development is low, and the distribution pattern is remarkable. The pattern of land development and protection of "three-ring belts radiating" is obvious, and the construction-agriculture-ecological space is distributed in concentric circles. Areas of multiple, double, single and inappropriate spaces are 36672.67 hm², 32276.11 hm², 181022 hm² and 175.46 hm², accounting for 14.66%, 12.90%, 72.37% and 0.07%, respectively. The conclusion is that Ningyuan has good natural conditions, but it still needs to strengthen the protection of ecological space in the south and north to meet the requirements of ecological civilization construction. There are some conflicts between agricultural production and ecological protection space, so it is necessary to rationally optimize the structure and distribution of agricultural production to ensure the "double security" of regional food and ecology. There is less space suitable for construction and development, so we need to use land resources intensively, adjust and change the mode of development properly, and coordinate the relationship between "three living spaces". Double- and multi-suitable land for ecological construction is the key goal of the future development and protection pattern. This will give us a better understanding of the base of land space, and improve the scientificity and operability, which can provide reference and scientific support for the "double evaluations" work in ecologically fragile and sensitive areas, such as Southwest China.

To construct the model of "Ecology-Agriculture-Construction Comprehensive Planning" for delimitation techniques of urban development boundary, this paper calculates the proposed scale of county construction and development under spatial constraints based on "Short Board Theory", evaluates the suitability of land space development by calculating the comprehensive score according to the index weight, determines the land plot planning function and identifies construction priority areas in accordance with the principle of ecological priority and cultivated land protection priority. Then on these bases, the urban development boundary shall be delimited according to the urban construction conditions, laws and regulations, social and economic development, urban and rural coordinated development and other factors, with the priority areas as the base map and the scale of urban construction land as the basis. Through the empirical research on the central area of Xiangtan county, the urban development boundary of 4500 hectares has been determined. Compared with the scale boundary of the land-use master plan and the spatial growth boundary of the central district of the urban master plan, the technical model fully considers the restrictive effects of ecological environment, land resources, water resources, natural disasters and other factors on construction and development. The ecologically important or sensitive areas in the urban development boundary have been reduced from 3.49%, 12.46% to 0. The proportion of cultivated land occupied by new construction has been reduced from 53.26%, 50.94% to 21.02%, without occupying permanent basic farmland and ecological forests. The average annual growth rate of new construction land has been reduced by 45.65%, which is divided into or radiated into the concentrated area of village distribution. There are some problems in the traditional methods, such as determining the scale of construction land in the light of the development needs without considering the constraints of resources and environment on urban development, and ignoring the multiple suitability of land, etc. The research result shows that the technical model proposed in this paper makes up for the above shortcomings, so as to realize the priority of ecology and farmland protection, and promote conservation and intensive land use and urban-rural coordinated development. In addition, it can play a positive role in optimizing the layout of land space development, utilization and protection, and boosting green and high-quality development.

The national spatial planning system in the new era of ecological civilization has put forward targeted requirements for the baseline control of territorial space. Both of "double evaluation" and monitoring-evaluation-warning of national spatial planning are the embodiment of baseline thinking. In this paper, the inner relationship between "double evaluation" and monitoring-evaluation-warning of national spatial planning was studied based on the "one map" implementation supervision information system ("one map system") of national spatial planning. The path of territorial space control and governance is constructed (1) to study the role and status of "double evaluation" and monitoring-evaluation-warning of national spatial planning in the territorial space baseline control. The connection and interaction between the two are reflected through the construction of "one map system", which builds a linkage between the two for supporting the whole process of territorial space baseline control and governance. (2) It is found that the work of "double evaluation" focuses on the analysis of natural resources endowment and the identification of the current situation of territorial space, while monitoring-evaluation-warning is dynamic and continuous, which focuses on the long-term dynamic monitoring and timely early warning of various spatial elements. Both of them constitute two stages of baseline control. The former is the basis and the latter is the path and means for baseline control. (3) The practice of national spatial planning of Pingdingshan in Henan province confirmed that "one map system" is helpful as well as necessary for supporting "double evaluation" and monitoring-evaluation-warning. On the one hand, the scientificity of the planning compilation could be improved under the support of "double evaluation". On the other hand, the process of planning implementation could also be effectively regulated by sophisticated monitoring-evaluation-warning system. (4) Both of "double evaluation" and monitoring-evaluation-warning are important tools for territorial space baseline control in the new era of ecological civilization. It is necessary to strengthen the organic combination of the two based on the "one map system".