JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
Mechanisms of how high-standard farmland construction in mountainous areas promotes income growth among impoverished rural households:A case study of Guizhou
Received date: 2023-12-14
Revised date: 2024-03-11
Online published: 2024-05-11
Based on the tracking survey data of 500 poverty-alleviated households in mountainous areas of Guizhou, this study empirically examines the mechanism by which the construction of high-standard farmland promotes income growth for poverty-alleviated households from the perspectives of resource endowment improvement, agricultural production aggregation, and scale effects using a double difference fixed effects model. The results indicate that: (1) The fragmented nature of cultivated land in mountainous areas hinders the large-scale planting of high-standard farmland, but centralized agricultural machinery services save labor input, utilize fallow land resources, and expand income sources. (2) Annual damage to high-standard farmland in mountainous areas due to disasters leads to seasonal growth in wage income for poverty-alleviated households through repeated repairs, prompting households to value the limited land resources for ensuring food security and strengthening their willingness to return to hometowns for work. (3) In mountainous areas, the use of agricultural machinery is more significant for daily maintenance, disaster prevention, and replanting than for cultivation and harvesting, and labor substitution through machinery can promote the scale of farming practices. Therefore, the construction of high-standard farmland in mountainous areas should focus on the characteristics of impoverished households having barren land resources and being located in mountainous areas, utilize agricultural machinery services, diversify income sources, overcome limitations on scaling cultivation, and achieve the scale of operational models.
WU Wei . Mechanisms of how high-standard farmland construction in mountainous areas promotes income growth among impoverished rural households:A case study of Guizhou[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2024 , 39(5) : 1084 -1100 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20240507
表1 变量定义及描述性统计Table 1 Variable definition and descriptive statistics |
变量类型和名称 | 变量符号 | 赋值说明 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
被解释变量 | ||||||
工资性收入 | Salary | 1=低,2=较低,3=中等,4=较高,5=高 | 3.815 | 1.049 | 2 | 5 |
农业经营性收入 | Operating income | 1=极低,2=低,3=较低,4=中等,5=较高, 6=高,7=极高 | 3.804 | 1.659 | 2 | 7 |
财产性收入 | Property income | 1=低,2=较低,3=中等,4=较高,5=高 | 3.888 | 1.194 | 2 | 5 |
核心解释变量 | ||||||
是否参加改革 | Treat×Post | 是否参加高标准农田建设质量提升:1=是, 0=否。考察参加与未参加农户的异质性差异 | 0.270 | 0.450 | 0 | 1 |
控制变量 | ||||||
年龄 | Age | 户主年末年龄/岁 | 49.420 | 6.929 | 32 | 68 |
健康状况 | Healthy | 户主健康状况:1=差,2=中,3=良,4=优 | 1.555 | 0.890 | 1 | 4 |
是否村干部 | Village cadres | 户主是否担任村干部:1=是,0=否 | 0.067 | 0.251 | 0 | 1 |
是否参加过农技培训 | Train | 户主是否参加过农技培训:1=是,0=否 | 0.669 | 0.471 | 0 | 1 |
外出劳动力 | Labour | 家庭外出劳动人数/人 | 1.087 | 0.925 | 0 | 2 |
就学人数 | Students | 家庭就学人数/人 | 0.918 | 0.731 | 0 | 3 |
户均耕地面积 | Area | 家庭户均拥有耕地数/亩 | 2.920 | 0.890 | 1 | 5 |
是否拥有农机资产 | Machinery | 家庭是否拥有小型水泵等农机资产:1=是,0=否 | 0.429 | 0.495 | 0 | 1 |
医疗支出 | Medical expenditure | 1=少,2=较少,3=中等,4=较多,5=多 | 3.779 | 0.672 | 3 | 5 |
教育支出 | Education expenditure | 1=无,2=极低,3=低,4=较低,5=中等,6=较高,7=高,8=极高 | 6.114 | 0.970 | 5 | 8 |
家庭平均受教育年限 | Years of education | 家庭全体成员平均受教育时间/年 | 5.387 | 1.624 | 3 | 9 |
机制变量 | ||||||
土地流转 | Land Transfer | 家庭是否流转、置换位于不同山间坝子的细碎耕地:1=是,0=否 | 0.580 | 0.390 | 0 | 1 |
以工代赈 | Work Relief | 家庭是否有成员参加因灾受损高标准农田修缮维护:1=是,0=否 | 0.270 | 0.420 | 0 | 1 |
投工投劳 | To volunteer to work | 家庭是否有成员参加农田水利道路设施的建设、修护:1=是,0=否 | 0.190 | 0.280 | 0 | 1 |
农机服务 | Machinery Service | 家庭是否获得“定制”农机入户服务:1=是, 0=否 | 0.220 | 0.460 | 0 | 1 |
表2 基准回归结果Table 2 Basic regression results |
变量 | (1) Operating Income | (2) Operating Income | (3) Salary | (4) Salary | (5) Property Income | (6) Property Income |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treat×Post | 0.419*** (0.145) | 1.501*** (0.059) | 0.172** (0.074) | 1.752*** (0.048) | 0.163** (0.081) | 2.245*** (0.031) |
Controls | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
Constant | -14.420*** (2.970) | 3.200*** (0.024) | -26.470*** (1.505) | 3.110*** (0.019) | -25.070*** (1.665) | 2.984*** (0.013) |
Observations/户 | 952 | 952 | 952 | 952 | 952 | 952 |
R2 | 0.773 | 0.539 | 0.945 | 0.671 | 0.958 | 0.762 |
Number of id/户 | 476 | 476 | 476 | 476 | 476 | 476 |
注:***、**分别表示统计显著水平为1%、5%;为了避免异方差带来的问题,本文采用聚类稳健标准误,下同。 |
表3 异质性分析Table 3 Heterogeneity analysis |
变量 | (1) Salary | (2) Salary | (3) Operating Income | (4) Operating Income | (5) Property Income | (6) Property Income |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treat×Post | 0.170* (0.091) | -0.036 (0.082) | 0.221** (0.097) | -0.186 (0.143) | 0.145** (0.071) | -0.057 (0.067) |
Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Constant | 60.830*** (6.340) | 89.160*** (5.133) | -50.990*** (7.658) | -122.600*** (11.260) | -98.950*** (4.161) | -60.480*** (14.380) |
Observations/户 | 618 | 334 | 590 | 362 | 696 | 256 |
R2 | 0.920 | 0.985 | 0.785 | 0.939 | 0.984 | 0.967 |
Number of id/户 | 309 | 167 | 295 | 181 | 348 | 128 |
注: *表示统计显著水平为10%,下同。 |
表4 排除其他政策干扰的回归结果Table 4 Regression results excluding other policy interference |
变量 | (1) Operating Income | (2) Property Income | (3) Salary |
---|---|---|---|
Treat×Post | 0.451*** (0.159) | 0.191** (0.088) | 0.182** (0.077) |
Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Constant | -8.933** (3.600) | -23.670*** (1.945) | -26.100*** (1.871) |
Observations/户 | 800 | 800 | 800 |
R2 | 0.770 | 0.960 | 0.947 |
Number of id/户 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
表5 PSM-DID回归结果Table 5 PSM-DID regression results |
变量 | (1) Operating Income | (2) Property Income | (3) Salary |
---|---|---|---|
Treat×Post | 0.357** | 0.139* | 0.199** |
(0.154) | (0.084) | (0.077) | |
Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Constant | -15.980*** | -24.770*** | -27.200*** |
(3.021) | (1.633) | (1.533) | |
Observations/户 | 912 | 912 | 912 |
R2 | 0.778 | 0.961 | 0.947 |
Number of id/户 | 456 | 456 | 456 |
表6 控制组不受改革影响Table 6 Control group unaffected by the reform |
变量 | (1) Operating Income | (2) Operating Income | (3) Operating Income |
---|---|---|---|
Treat×Post1 | -0.129 (0.201) | ||
Treat×Post2 | 0.524 (0.354) | ||
Treat×Post3 | -0.413 (0.279) | ||
Constant | -18.840*** (2.640) | -18.130*** (2.594) | -18.820*** (2.583) |
Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Observations/户 | 952 | 952 | 952 |
R2 | 0.767 | 0.769 | 0.768 |
Number of id/户 | 476 | 476 | 476 |
表7 机制检验一Table 7 Mechanism test 1 |
变量 | (1) Salary | (2) Salary | (3) Operating Income | (4) Operating Income | (5) Property Income | (6) Property Income | (7) Property Income |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treat×Post | 0.172** (0.073) | 0.161** (0.073) | 0.388*** (0.145) | -0.035 (0.059) | 0.163** (0.081) | 0.146* (0.082) | 0.012 (0.061) |
Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Work Relief | -0.012 (0.108) | -0.105 (0.118) | -0.048 (0.108) | -0.005 (0.126) | -0.025 (0.105) | ||
To volunteer to work | 0.113* (0.060) | ||||||
Land Transfer | -0.596 (0.414) | -0.035 (0.265) | -0.575** (0.242) | -0.398 (0.341) | |||
Machinery Service | 1.089*** (0.025) | 0.344*** (0.023) | |||||
Constant | -79.120*** (4.785) | -80.520*** (4.893) | -46.360*** (9.558) | 56.190*** (4.418) | -85.150*** (5.168) | -86.620*** (5.340) | -54.230*** (4.936) |
Observations/户 | 952 | 952 | 952 | 952 | 952 | 952 | 952 |
R2 | 0.945 | 0.946 | 0.775 | 0.959 | 0.958 | 0.958 | 0.970 |
Number of id/户 | 476 | 476 | 476 | 476 | 476 | 476 | 476 |
表8 机制检验二Table 8 Mechanism test 2 |
变量 | (1) Machinery Service |
---|---|
Treat×Post | 0.420*** (0.122) |
Controls | Yes |
Constant | -92.910*** (7.205) |
Observations/户 | 952 |
Number of id/户 | 476 |
R2 | 0.896 |
[1] |
李琴, 李大胜, 陈风波. 地块特征对农业机械服务利用的影响分析: 基于南方五省稻农的实证研究. 农业经济问题, 2017, 38(7): 43-52, 110-111.
[
|
[2] |
谭少军, 邵景安, 张琳. 西南丘陵区高标准基本农田建设适宜性评价与选址: 以重庆市垫江县为例. 资源科学, 2018, 40(2): 310-325.
[
|
[3] |
马雪莹, 邵景安, 曹飞. 重庆山区县域高标准基本农田建设综合成效评估: 以重庆市垫江县为例. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(12): 2183-2199.
[
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
苏柯雨, 魏滨辉, 胡新艳. 农业劳动成本、市场容量与农户农机服务外包行为: 以稻农为例. 农村经济, 2020, (2): 98-105.
[
|
[7] |
吕晓, 臧涛, 张全景. 农户规模经营意愿与行为的影响机制及差异: 基于山东省3县379份农户调查问卷的实证. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(5): 1147-1159.
[
|
[8] |
王亚辉, 李秀彬, 辛良杰. 耕地地块细碎程度及其对山区农业生产成本的影响. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(12): 2658-2672.
[
|
[9] |
谢花林, 黄萤乾. 非农就业与土地流转对农户耕地撂荒行为的影响: 以闽赣湘山区为例. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(2): 408-423.
[
|
[10] |
张正超, 杨钢桥. 农地整治何以促进农户收入增加: 基于整治模式和地貌类型的异质分析. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(12): 3114-3130.
[
|
[11] |
牛文浩, 申淑虹, 罗岚, 等. 地形差异视角下耕地流转对农户收入差距的影响及其分解: 以黄河流域中上游1879份农户数据为例. 自然资源学报, 2023, 38(5): 1262-1282.
[
|
[12] |
赵立娟, 康晓虹, 史俊宏. 耕地转出对农民家庭贫困脆弱性的影响及其区域差异分析. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(12): 3099-3113.
[
|
[13] |
严小燕, 祁新华, 潘颖, 等. 贫困退出背景下返贫脆弱性评价: 融合区域与个体的新视角. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(2): 440-458.
[
|
[14] |
刘春芳, 刘立程, 何瑞东. 黄土丘陵区高标准农田建设的生态系统服务响应研究: 以榆中县高标准农田建设项目为例. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2018, 28(12): 124-130.
[
|
[15] |
王嫚嫚, 刘颖, 陈实. 规模报酬、产出利润与生产成本视角下的农业适度规模经营: 基于江汉平原354个水稻种植户的研究. 农业技术经济, 2017, (4): 83-94.
[
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
保罗·克鲁格曼. 地理和贸易. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2002: 136.
[
|
[18] |
王济民, 张灵静, 欧阳儒彬. 改革开放四十年我国粮食安全: 成就、问题及建议. 农业经济问题, 2018, (12): 14-18.
[
|
[19] |
康江江, 宁越敏, 魏也华, 等. 中国集中连片特困地区农民收入的时空演变及影响因素. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2017, 27(11): 86-94.
[
|
[20] |
杨继军, 王鑫. 耕地经营权流转对农业生产效率的影响: 规模效应抑或选择效应. 农业技术经济, 2022, (12): 43-55.
[
|
[21] |
温涛, 何茜, 王煜宇. 改革开放40年中国农民收入增长的总体格局与未来展望. 西南大学学报: 社会科学版, 2018, 44(4): 43-55, 193-194.
[
|
[22] |
李实. 中国农村劳动力流动与收入增长和分配. 中国社会科学, 1999, (2): 16-33.
[
|
[23] |
孙学涛. 非均衡视角下的农村劳动力转移与农地效率提升. 经济经纬, 2021, 38(5): 41-50.
[
|
[24] |
杜鹰. 小农生产与农业现代化. 中国农村经济, 2018, (10): 2-6.
[
|
[25] |
邹秀清, 王英, 武婷燕, 等. 江西省农业人口转移对耕地利用效率影响的门槛效应. 资源科学, 2019, 41(8): 1576-1588.
[
|
[26] |
张一豪, 刘雨欣, 姜天瑞, 等. 黑龙江省农机合作社助农增收绩效评价: 基于DID模型的实证研究. 农机化研究, 2017, 39(11): 40-43.
[
|
[27] |
李博伟, 邢丽荣, 徐翔. 农业生产集聚能否促进农民增收: 来自淡水养殖的经验证据. 农业技术经济, 2019, (5): 39-51.
[
|
[28] |
孙学涛, 张丽娟, 王振华. 高标准农田建设对农业生产的影响: 基于农业要素弹性与农业全要素生产率的视角. 中国农村观察, 2023, (4): 89-108.
[
|
[29] |
张蚌蚌, 刘芳苹, 侯学博, 等. “一户一田”耕地细碎化治理对农户收入的影响机制: 基于陕西省榆阳区农户数据的实证. 中国土地科学, 2023, 37(4): 73-83.
[
|
[30] |
程国强. “农业共营制”是我国农业经营体系的新突破. 农经, 2015, (4): 10.
[
|
[31] |
赵宇鸾, 葛玉娟, 旷成华, 等. 乡村振兴战略下贵州山区森林转型路径研究. 贵州师范大学学报: 自然科学版, 2018, 36(1): 1-7.
[
|
[32] |
柳直勇, 李雪晴, 魏汉泽. 制度变革、劳动投入与中国农业发展. 中国经济问题, 2016, (1): 3-13.
[
|
[33] |
王兆林, 杨庆媛, 罗明. 低山丘陵区高标准基本农田建设限制性因子识别与建设方向. 中国农业资源与区划, 2019, 40(6): 78-88.
[
|
[34] |
王国敏, 曹萍. 农民增收: 从实证分析到理论研究. 四川大学学报: 哲学社会科学版, 2002, (5): 5-12.
[
|
[35] |
邓宏图, 王巍. 农业合约选择: 一个比较制度分析. 经济学动态, 2015, (7): 25-34.
[
|
[36] |
胡凌啸. 中国农业规模经营的现实图谱: “土地+服务”的二元规模化. 农业经济问题, 2018, (11): 20-28.
[
|
[37] |
胡雯, 张锦华, 陈昭玖. 小农户与大生产: 农地规模与农业资本化: 以农机作业服务为例. 农业技术经济, 2019, (6): 82-96.
[
|
[38] |
杨天荣, 杨国玉. 农村转移人口市民化意愿与行为选择研究. 经济问题, 2015, (10): 103-106, 123.
[
|
[39] |
盛佳利, 李阳兵. 贵州省坝子的空间分布及不同地貌区坝子—山地组合类型的探索性划分研究. 贵州师范大学学报: 自然科学版, 2018, 36(2): 15-21, 32.
[
|
[40] |
陈昭玖, 胡雯. 农地确权、交易装置与农户生产环节外包: 基于“斯密—杨格”定理的分工演化逻辑. 农业经济问题, 2016, 37(8): 16-24, 110.
[
|
[41] |
刘元春, 丁洋. 工时视角下头部企业工资溢价及成因. 经济研究, 2022, 57(4): 33-49.
[
|
[42] |
仇童伟, 何勤英, 罗必良. 谁更能从农机服务中获益: 基于小麦产出率的分析. 农业技术经济, 2021, (9): 4-15.
[
|
[43] |
叶明华, 庹国柱. 要素投入、气候变化与粮食生产: 基于双函数模型. 农业技术经济, 2015, (11): 4-13.
[
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |