JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
Study on ecological environment carrying capacity of forest community near tourist roads in Lishan Nature Reserve based on tourism disturbance
Received date: 2022-01-10
Revised date: 2022-11-28
Online published: 2023-04-11
The present study was carried out in Lishan Nature Reserve. Firstly, the evaluation index system for the ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community near tourist roads was constructed from multiple angles in this paper. Secondly, all the samples were classified using a two-way indicator species analysis method, and the characteristics of different forest communities were studied, especially the critical types. Thirdly, the comprehensive ecological information of all the samples was extracted by detrended correspondence analysis method, the ecological distance of each sample was calculated, and their ecological environment carrying capacity was also measured. At last, the correlations among the ecological environmental carrying capacity in forest community and the evaluation indicators measuring for the ecological environmental carrying capacity in forest community and various geographic factors were identified. The results showed that: (1) Forest communities can be divided into 7 different types in Lishan Nature Reserve: the group of no therophytes-more seedlings-more chamaephytes, the group of no therophytes-the most seedlings-no chamaephytes, the group of no therophytes-no chamaephyte-the most cryptophytes, the group of less therophytes-no chamaephytes-no cryptophytes, the group of the most therophytes-medium seedlings-more chamaephytes, the group of more therophytes-few seedlings-no shrubs, the group of less therophytes-the least seedlings-less shrubs. (2) The calculation results of the ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community near tourist roads showed that: in all the samples, 33 were unoverloaded, and 7 were overloaded, with an overload rate of 17.07%. (3) In part, most of the evaluation indicators (such as the coverage of shrub layer, the important value of tree and shrub landscape, the important value ratio of phaenerophytes and hemicryptophyte and the quantity of seedling) which were used for measuring ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community were significantly correlated with slope, however, they had no correlation with other geographical factors. Nevertheless, the correlation between the ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community and the geographical factors was not significant on the whole. In addition, the correlation was significant between the ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community and the index in terms of not only the vertical and horizontal structure of the community (such as the coverage of tree and herbaceous layer and the landscape important value of trees and the herbaceous) but also the ratio of life form (such as the important value ratio of therophytes and chamaephytes).
NIU Li-qin , WANG Zi-yan , WANG Yao-yao , WANG Zheng , CHENG Zhan-hong . Study on ecological environment carrying capacity of forest community near tourist roads in Lishan Nature Reserve based on tourism disturbance[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2023 , 38(4) : 995 -1009 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20230411
表1 所有样地的自然地理特征Table 1 The characteristics of physical geography in all samples |
样地号 | 海拔/m | 坡度/(°) | 坡向 | 坡位 | 坡形 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2183 | 10 | 西北坡 | 上坡 | 线坡 |
2 | 2175 | 10 | 西北坡 | 上坡 | 线坡 |
3 | 2158 | 10 | 西北坡 | 中坡 | 线坡 |
4 | 2177 | 10 | 西北坡 | 中坡 | 线坡 |
5 | 2170 | 10 | 西南坡 | 中坡 | 线坡 |
6 | 2170 | 12 | 西南坡 | 中坡 | 线坡 |
7 | 2100 | 20 | 东北坡 | 上坡 | 线坡 |
8 | 2090 | 40 | 东北坡 | 上坡 | 线坡 |
9 | 2076 | 25 | 东北坡 | 中坡 | 线坡 |
10 | 2062 | 45 | 东北坡 | 上坡 | 线坡 |
11 | 2030 | 45 | 东北坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
12 | 2004 | 45 | 东北坡 | 中坡 | 线坡 |
13 | 1954 | 40 | 东坡 | 中坡 | 线坡 |
14 | 1920 | 45 | 东北坡 | 上坡 | 线坡 |
15 | 1900 | 40 | 东坡 | 中坡 | 线坡 |
16 | 1850 | 40 | 东北坡 | 中坡 | 线坡 |
17 | 1800 | 45 | 东北坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
18 | 1770 | 10 | 东北坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
19 | 1745 | 3 | 东北坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
20 | 1715 | 3 | 东坡 | 中坡 | 线坡 |
21 | 1675 | 10 | 东北坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
22 | 1648 | 3 | 东北坡 | 下坡 | 凹坡 |
23 | 1625 | 15 | 东北坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
24 | 1600 | 15 | 东北坡 | 平坡 | 平地 |
25 | 1588 | 10 | 东南坡 | 平坡 | 平地 |
26 | 1555 | 5 | 东南坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
27 | 1527 | 10 | 西坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
28 | 1526 | 15 | 西坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
29 | 1510 | 15 | 西坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
30 | 1517 | 20 | 东坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
31 | 1505 | 18 | 东坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
32 | 1498 | 12 | 西南坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
33 | 1500 | 15 | 东坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
34 | 1484 | 15 | 西坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
35 | 1501 | 12 | 西坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
36 | 1404 | 12 | 东坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
37 | 1400 | 20 | 东南坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
38 | 1385 | 10 | 东坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
39 | 1387 | 12 | 东南坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
40 | 1353 | 20 | 西南坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
41 | 1266 | 45 | 西坡 | 下坡 | 线坡 |
图3 基于森林群落生态环境承载力测算指标的TWINSPAN分类Fig. 3 The TWINSPAN classification diagram based on the calculation indices of the ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community |
表3 不同群落类型在各项指标上的平均值Table 3 The average value of different community types on various indicators (%) |
指标项 | 第Ⅰ组 | 第Ⅱ组 | 第Ⅲ组 | 第Ⅳ组 | 第Ⅴ组 | 第Ⅵ组 | 第Ⅶ组 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
乔木层盖度 | 73.33 | 87.22 | 83.57 | 80.00 | 61.67 | 79.00 | 70.00 |
灌木层盖度 | 55.00 | 58.33 | 14.00 | 23.00 | 25.00 | 0 | 16.67 |
草本层盖度 | 81.67 | 30.00 | 29.00 | 45.00 | 41.00 | 55.00 | 43.33 |
乔木层景观重要值 | 1.71 | 3.14 | 2.62 | 2.16 | 1.51 | 2.83 | 2.09 |
灌木层景观重要值 | 4.18 | 5.30 | 0.91 | 2.25 | 2.30 | 0 | 1.68 |
草本层景观重要值 | 5.03 | 1.72 | 1.67 | 2.38 | 2.75 | 3.20 | 2.40 |
高位芽重要值比值 | 66.67 | 66.67 | 57.14 | 71.87 | 66.67 | 50.00 | 66.67 |
地上芽重要值比值 | 6.81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.62 | 0 | 1.75 |
地面芽重要值比值 | 22.69 | 21.78 | 28.41 | 27.70 | 20.29 | 38.30 | 25.88 |
地下芽重要值比值 | 3.82 | 11.55 | 14.45 | 0 | 2.85 | 9.66 | 5.48 |
一年生重要值比值 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.43 | 3.57 | 2.04 | 0.23 |
幼苗个数/棵 | 6.67 | 12.11 | 2.86 | 4.40 | 3.00 | 0.20 | 0.11 |
图4 基于森林群落生态环境承载力测算指标的DCA排序Fig. 4 The DCA ranking diagram based on the calculation indices of the ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community |
表4 森林群落生态环境承载力测算结果Table 4 The estimation results of ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community |
样地号 | DCA第一轴 | DCA第二轴 | 生态距离 | 群落的生态环境承载力 | 是否超载 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 94 | 86 | 127.40 | 1.17 | 否 |
2 | 102 | 81 | 130.25 | 1.20 | 否 |
3 | 103 | 69 | 123.98 | 1.14 | 否 |
4 | 89 | 85 | 123.07 | 1.13 | 否 |
5 | 64 | 95 | 114.55 | 1.06 | 否 |
6 | 103 | 89 | 136.12 | 1.26 | 否 |
7 | 103 | 96 | 140.80 | 1.30 | 否 |
8 | 93 | 93 | 131.52 | 1.21 | 否 |
9 | 94 | 87 | 128.08 | 1.18 | 否 |
10 | 75 | 99 | 124.20 | 1.15 | 否 |
11 | 94 | 69 | 116.61 | 1.08 | 否 |
12 | 74 | 77 | 106.79 | 0.98 | 是 |
13 | 69 | 93 | 115.80 | 1.07 | 否 |
14 | 79 | 87 | 117.52 | 1.08 | 否 |
15 | 77 | 77 | 108.89 | 1.00 | 否 |
16 | 84 | 90 | 123.11 | 1.14 | 否 |
17 | 80 | 76 | 110.34 | 1.02 | 是 |
18 | 99 | 74 | 123.60 | 1.14 | 否 |
19 | 91 | 78 | 119.85 | 1.11 | 否 |
20 | 89 | 91 | 127.29 | 1.17 | 否 |
21 | 73 | 133 | 151.72 | 1.40 | 否 |
22 | 58 | 99 | 114.74 | 1.06 | 否 |
23 | 75 | 103 | 127.41 | 1.17 | 否 |
24 | 72 | 107 | 128.97 | 1.19 | 否 |
25 | 62 | 92 | 110.94 | 1.02 | 否 |
26 | 106 | 75 | 129.85 | 1.20 | 否 |
27 | 116 | 87 | 145.00 | 1.34 | 否 |
28 | 99 | 91 | 134.47 | 1.24 | 否 |
29 | 101 | 82 | 130.10 | 1.20 | 否 |
30 | 84 | 66 | 106.83 | 0.98 | 是 |
31 | 105 | 79 | 131.40 | 1.21 | 否 |
32 | 96 | 107 | 143.75 | 1.33 | 否 |
33 | 73 | 87 | 113.57 | 1.05 | 否 |
34 | 99 | 104 | 143.59 | 1.32 | 否 |
35 | 87 | 61 | 106.25 | 0.98 | 是 |
36 | 53 | 72 | 89.40 | 0.82 | 是 |
37 | 71 | 84 | 109.99 | 1.01 | 否 |
38 | 82 | 71 | 108.47 | 1.00 | 临界 |
39 | 84 | 83 | 118.09 | 1.09 | 否 |
40 | 83 | 63 | 104.20 | 0.96 | 是 |
41 | 89 | 55 | 104.62 | 0.96 | 是 |
表5 森林群落的生态环境承载力与评价指标之间的相关性Table 5 The correlation between the ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community and evaluation indices |
指标 | 森林群落的生态环境承载力 |
---|---|
乔木盖度 | 0.37* |
灌木盖度 | 0.02 |
草本盖度 | 0.59** |
乔木景观重要值 | 0.36** |
灌木景观重要值 | -0.02 |
草本景观重要值 | 0.66** |
高位芽重要值比值 | -0.15 |
地上芽重要值比值 | 0.56** |
地面芽重要值比值 | -0.13 |
地下芽重要值比值 | -0.05 |
一年生重要值比值 | 0.44** |
幼苗量 | -0.30 |
注:*为p<0.05、**为p<0.01,下同。 |
表6 衡量森林群落生态环境承载力的各项指标与地理因子的相关性Table 6 The correlation between various indices for measuring the ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community and geographic factors |
指标 | 海拔 | 坡度 | 坡向 | 坡形 | 坡位 | 距游径的距离 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
乔木盖度 | 0.24 | 0.20 | -0.12 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.07 |
灌木盖度 | 0.20 | 0.66** | -0.24 | 0.11 | 0.31* | -0.26 |
草本盖度 | 0.26 | -0.22 | -0.04 | -0.13 | 0.14 | 0.21 |
乔木景观重要值 | 0.37* | 0.32* | -0.17 | 0.04 | 0.30 | 0.06 |
灌木景观重要值 | 0.17 | 0.61** | -0.26 | 0.11 | 0.25 | -0.23 |
草本景观重要值 | 0.25 | -0.19 | -0.09 | -0.19 | 0.16 | 0.12 |
高位芽重要值比值 | -0.31* | 0.39* | -0.08 | 0.16 | -0.09 | -0.09 |
地上芽重要值比值 | -0.14 | -0.06 | -0.04 | -0.08 | -0.11 | -0.11 |
地面芽重要值比值 | 0.15 | -0.42** | 0.20 | -0.19 | -0.11 | 0.26 |
地下芽重要值比值 | 0.22 | 0.13 | -0.19 | 0.07 | 0.28 | -0.18 |
一年生重要值比值 | 0.05 | -0.23 | 0.36* | 0.04 | -0.04 | 0.18 |
幼苗量 | 0.14 | 0.64** | -0.20 | 0.08 | 0.18 | -0.24 |
表7 森林群落生态环境承载力与地理因子的相关性Table 7 The correlation between ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community and geographic factors |
指标 | 海拔 | 坡度 | 坡向 | 坡形 | 坡位 | 距游径的距离 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
森林群落的生态环境承载力 | -0.28 | -0.27 | -0.07 | -0.02 | 0.16 | -0.15 |
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