JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
The mechanisms of industrial transformation on the evolutionary trajectory of growth and shrinkage in Chinese resource-based cities
Received date: 2022-07-04
Revised date: 2022-10-25
Online published: 2023-01-28
In the new high-quality development stage, the growth and shrinkage of resource-based cities face a systematic reconfiguration of internal and external conditions. There is a lack of empirical evidence on how resource-based cities can escape from the historical fate of "exhaustion of mines and decline of cities" and achieve positive urban population growth in the process of transformation and development. This paper uses cross-sectional and panel data of 116 resource-based cities from 2010 to 2020 to quantitatively characterize their trajectory of growth and shrinkage, and empirically investigate the influence mechanism of industrial structure transformation on population growth and decline. The study finds that more than 60% of resource-based cities in China were shrinking during the study period, showing a geographical distribution pattern of "one belt and two areas". The rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure both show crowding-out effects on the population growth of resource-based cities in the short term, and in the long term, the effect of industrial structure rationalization turns positive, while the compensating effect of industrial structure upgrading is not yet apparent. In the long run, the impact of industrial structure rationalization turns positive, while the compensating effect of industrial structure upgrading has not yet appeared. The diversity of industrial structure can promote the population growth of resource-based cities in the short term, but this effect is not significant in the long term. Based on those findings, the transformation and development of resource-based cities need to improve the level of industrial structure rationalization as an important breakthrough, take industrial structure upgrading as a long-term main line, implement parallel strategies of industrial extension and industrial renewal based on local comparative advantages, and build a diversified industrial system. The industrial structure transformation of resource-based cities of different types and development stages should emphasize strategic differentiation.
WU Kang , LIU Xiao-xiao , YAO Chang-cheng . The mechanisms of industrial transformation on the evolutionary trajectory of growth and shrinkage in Chinese resource-based cities[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2023 , 38(1) : 109 -125 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20230107
表1 2010—2020年不同类型资源型城市人口变化情况Table 1 Population change in different types of resource-based cities during 2010-2020 |
方式 | 类型 | 常住人口变化率/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤ -15 | -15~ -5 | -5~0 | 0~5 | 5~15 | ≥15 | ||
发展阶段 | 成长型 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
成熟型 | 5 | 20 | 17 | 15 | 4 | 2 | |
衰退型 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 0 | |
再生型 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | |
资源类型 | 非金属类 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 0 |
黑色类 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
煤炭类 | 8 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 1 | |
森工类 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
油气类 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
有色类 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
综合类 | 0 | 11 | 2 | 10 | 4 | 0 |
表2 产业结构转型对资源型城市人口增长的回归结果Table 2 Regression results of industrial structure transformation on population growth in resource-based cities |
变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 |
---|---|---|---|
GPOP | GPOP | GPOP | |
OIS | -1.269*** | -1.215*** | -1.198*** |
(-3.85) | (-3.82) | (-3.77) | |
RIS | 0.011** | 0.011** | |
(2.26) | (2.25) | ||
RDI | 0.036* | ||
(1.81) | |||
POP | -0.401*** | -0.408*** | -0.409*** |
(-7.23) | (-7.59) | (-7.62) | |
RE | -0.611*** | -0.531*** | -0.497** |
(-3.11) | (-2.77) | (-2.58) | |
WAGE | 0.044 | 0.049 | 0.051* |
(1.43) | (1.62) | (1.74) | |
MP | 0.122 | 0.148 | 0.120 |
(1.03) | (1.27) | (1.01) | |
SCI | 0.011 | 0.010 | 0.011* |
(1.64) | (1.54) | (1.81) | |
FDI | 0.008** | 0.008** | 0.009*** |
(2.47) | (2.59) | (2.70) | |
DOC | -0.059*** | -0.061*** | -0.062*** |
(-3.36) | (-3.42) | (-3.43) | |
TEA | -0.090** | -0.095** | -0.093** |
(-2.34) | (-2.50) | (-2.47) | |
Constant | 4.331*** | 4.126*** | 4.182*** |
(5.26) | (5.26) | (5.30) | |
N/个 | 805 | 805 | 805 |
city | yes | yes | yes |
year | yes | yes | yes |
R2 | 0.298 | 0.304 | 0.308 |
注:***、**、*分别表示在1%、5%、10%水平上显著,括号内为t统计值,下同。 |
表3 产业结构转型对资源型城市人口变化中长期影响的回归结果Table 3 Regression results of industrial structure transformation on population change in resource-based cities in the medium and long term |
变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 |
---|---|---|---|
GPOP | GPOP | GPOP | |
OIS | -1.286*** | -1.277*** | -1.145** |
(-2.92) | (-2.76) | (-2.43) | |
RIS | 0.011* | 0.012* | 0.012* |
(1.78) | (1.78) | (1.66) | |
RDI | 0.032* | 0.024 | 0.009 |
(1.87) | (1.44) | (0.41) | |
L.OIS | 0.240 | 0.491 | 0.504 |
(0.55) | (1.10) | (1.33) | |
L2.OIS | -0.456 | 0.211 | |
(-1.27) | (0.67) | ||
L3.OIS | -1.383*** | ||
(-5.79) | |||
L.RIS | 0.003 | 0.005 | -0.003 |
(0.63) | (1.06) | (-0.45) | |
L2.RIS | 0.000 | 0.005 | |
(0.04) | (1.12) | ||
L3.RIS | -0.008* | ||
(-1.77) | |||
L.RDI | 0.011 | 0.000 | 0.016 |
(0.49) | (0.01) | (0.52) | |
L2.RDI | 0.012 | 0.021 | |
(0.45) | (0.65) | ||
L3.RDI | -0.011 | ||
(-0.43) | |||
Constant | 3.785*** | 4.411*** | 5.544*** |
(4.35) | (3.61) | (4.34) | |
控制变量 | yes | yes | yes |
N/个 | 720 | 631 | 546 |
city | yes | yes | yes |
year | yes | yes | yes |
R2 | 0.337 | 0.359 | 0.403 |
表4 产业结构转型对资源型城市人口增长的回归结果(替换被解释变量)Table 4 Regression results of industrial structure transformation on population growth in resource-based cities (replacing the explanatory variables) |
变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | 模型4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
GR | GR | GR | GR | |
OIS | -131.24*** | -125.72*** | -123.93*** | -118.123** |
(-3.86) | (-3.83) | (-3.78) | (-2.43) | |
RIS | 1.148** | 1.132** | 1.255* | |
(2.26) | (2.25) | (1.66) | ||
RDI | 3.732* | 0.925 | ||
(1.82) | (0.41) | |||
L.OIS | 51.805 | |||
(1.32) | ||||
L2.OIS | 22.010 | |||
(0.67) | ||||
L3.OIS | -142.607*** | |||
(-5.80) | ||||
L.RIS | -0.270 | |||
(-0.46) | ||||
L2.RIS | 0.552 | |||
(1.12) | ||||
L3.RIS | -0.779* | |||
(-1.78) | ||||
L.RDI | 1.687 | |||
(0.52) | ||||
L2.RDI | 2.104 | |||
(0.64) | ||||
L3.RDI | -1.131 | |||
(-0.42) | ||||
控制变量 | yes | yes | yes | yes |
Constant | 349.93*** | 328.80*** | 334.56*** | 470.232*** |
(4.12) | (4.06) | (4.11) | (3.58) | |
N/个 | 805 | 805 | 805 | 546 |
city | yes | yes | yes | yes |
year | yes | yes | yes | yes |
R2 | 0.305 | 0.311 | 0.315 | 0.405 |
表5 内生性问题处理结果Table 5 Results for endogeneity issues |
变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | 模型4 | 模型5 | 模型6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GPOP | GPOP | GPOP | GR | GR | GR | |
OIS | -0.209* | -21.642* | ||||
(-1.82) | (-1.82) | |||||
RIS | 0.014** | 1.407** | ||||
(2.51) | (2.52) | |||||
RDI | 0.024* | 2.516* | ||||
(1.94) | (1.94) | |||||
控制变量 | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
Constant | 1.130*** | 1.025*** | 0.859*** | 18.306 | 7.678 | -9.679 |
(4.35) | (4.67) | (4.26) | (0.68) | (0.34) | (-0.46) | |
N/个 | 805 | 805 | 805 | 805 | 805 | 805 |
Model | 工具变量 | 工具变量 | 工具变量 | 工具变量 | 工具变量 | 工具变量 |
R2 | 0.112 | 0.110 | 0.085 | 0.140 | 0.135 | 0.111 |
表6 产业结构转型对资源型城市人口增长的异质性分析Table 6 Heterogeneity analysis of industrial structure transformation on population growth in resource-based cities |
变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | 模型4 | 模型5 | 模型6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth样本组 GPOP | Shrinkage样本组 GPOP | 成长型城市 GPOP | 成熟型城市 GPOP | 衰退型城市 GPOP | 再生型城市 GPOP | |
OIS | -1.812*** | -0.884*** | -0.560 | -2.168*** | 0.329 | 1.005 |
(-4.67) | (-3.13) | (-0.69) | (-4.26) | (1.47) | (1.65) | |
RIS | 0.008 | 0.013** | 0.031 | 0.023** | -0.011* | 0.009 |
(1.00) | (2.23) | (0.97) | (2.20) | (-2.00) | (1.04) | |
RDI | 0.037* | 0.055** | 0.174 | 0.051* | 0.021 | 0.004 |
(1.65) | (2.02) | (1.45) | (1.72) | (0.99) | (0.10) | |
控制变量 | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
N/个 | 392 | 413 | 64 | 435 | 185 | 121 |
city | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
year | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
R2 | 0.321 | 0.371 | 0.548 | 0.380 | 0.393 | 0.554 |
表7 产业结构转型对资源型城市人口增长的异质性分析(替换被解释变量)Table 7 Heterogeneity analysis of industrial structure transformation on population growth in resource-based cities (replacing the explanatory variables) |
变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | 模型4 | 模型5 | 模型6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth样本组 GR | Shrinkage样本组 GR | 成长型城市 GR | 成熟型城市 GR | 衰退型城市 GR | 再生型城市 GR | |
OIS | -187.723*** | -91.226*** | -58.240 | -224.000*** | 33.993 | 103.880 |
(-4.67) | (-3.12) | (-0.70) | (-4.25) | (1.47) | (1.66) | |
RIS | 0.865 | 1.365** | 3.202 | 2.392** | -1.186* | 0.886 |
(1.00) | (2.23) | (0.97) | (2.19) | (-1.99) | (1.06) | |
RDI | 3.819* | 5.704** | 18.078 | 5.257* | 2.218 | 0.448 |
(1.66) | (2.03) | (1.45) | (1.72) | (0.99) | (0.11) | |
控制变量 | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
N/个 | 392 | 413 | 64 | 435 | 185 | 121 |
city | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
year | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
R2 | 0.327 | 0.377 | 0.558 | 0.387 | 0.373 | 0.558 |
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