JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
A conflict coordination approach for territory spatial planning based on security pattern theory
Received date: 2021-10-11
Revised date: 2022-05-23
Online published: 2023-01-28
Facing the territorial symptom such as urban sprawl, rural decline, and environmental degradation, territory spatial planning needs to integrate multiple plans that reflect the maximum interests of various stakeholders and usual conflict between them to achieve "Multi-Plan Integration". This paper proposes an approach to coordinate the conflicts between different plans based on security pattern theory. This approach mainly includes: (1) On the epistemology level, territory spatial planning is considered as a rational planning process, in which the generated plans are defensible by adopting the minimax-constraint approach, and the outcomes are acceptable by all stakeholders through the spatial game to coordinate their competitions for limited land. (2) On the methodology level, the first stage is to identify security patterns functioning as the basis for safeguarding the goals of all stakeholders and the coordination etween them, and the second stage is to negotiate on the use of competitive land using these security patterns. In practice, it is essential to establish an institutional mechanism to coordinate planning conflicts. Moreover, for the disadvantageous position of natural and ecological capitals in multi-party games, it is necessary to construct an ecological security pattern and ecological infrastructure to provide comprehensive ecosystem services, which would help to reinvent the good earth.
PENG Xiao . A conflict coordination approach for territory spatial planning based on security pattern theory[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2022 , 37(11) : 2856 -2866 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20221107
表1 最大—最优化与最小—最大约束途径的比较Table 1 The comparisons between Maximization-optimization approach and Minimax-constraint approach |
项目 | 最大—最优化途径 | 最小—最大约束途径 |
---|---|---|
经济指标 | 追求经济效益,试图最大化社会总效益与社会总成本的差值,采用各类经济学优化方法 | 追求避免很高的社会成本,采用预警原则(Precautionary Principals)、最低安全指标(Safe Minimum Standards)、可持续限制(Sustainable Constraints)、发展阈限(Development Thresholds)等方法 |
生态指标 | 追求生态适宜性和最佳关系,采用生态适宜性分析等方法 | 追求避免生态的不可逆恶化,采用承载力(Carrying Capacity)、顶级环境阈限(Ultimate Environmental Thresholds)等方法 |
注:引自参考文献 [28]。 |
表2 常见的空间过程及模型Table 2 Essential spatial processes and models |
以内容而言 的过程 | 以空间方向而言的过程 | |
---|---|---|
水平过程 | 垂直过程 | |
非生物过程 | 风、水、土壤、营养物质等在景观中的流动;景观层面的能量交换;在景观上传播的扰动,如火等 | 和气象、地质条件有关的土壤发育;在地表不同要素层之间的能量和物质交换;在特定地方发源并局限在该地的自然事件,如湿地的季节性淹没和地质结构相关的滑坡(也是水平过程) |
生物过程 | 生物体的移动和迁徙;被隔离生境间的种群动态;生境的重新占据;基因流;害虫传播等 | 对一个场地的适应过程;群落演替;地方种群动态;物种与特定生境的交互等 |
人文过程 | 旅游游憩过程;土地扩张和城市开发;人口迁移和扩散等 | 基于特定资源条件的生产过程;在一个特定社区中的人口结构动态;和一个地方的资源、文化和历史过程相关的视觉感知过程等 |
过程模型 | 如重力模型、潜力模型、扩散模型、网络模型、流体动力学模型、集合种群动态模型、可视性模型、成本—距离等阻力模型 | 如土壤发育模型、种群增长模型、生态系统模型、演替模型、生态顶级模型、生物与文化适应模型等 |
:感谢北京大学俞孔坚教授在论文写作过程中的倾力指导。
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