JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
Multiscale analysis of the spatiotemporal differences and the influencing factors of the high-level tourist attractions in China
Received date: 2021-09-06
Revised date: 2021-10-23
Online published: 2022-12-28
Taking 4A and 5A scenic spots of high-level tourist attractions in 337 cities in China as the research object, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of high-level tourist attraction resources in China from 2001 to 2019 were comprehensively analyzed by constructing the overall differentiation index (GDI) and using exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA). The results show that: (1) In China, 4A scenic spots dominate the developing trend of high-level tourist attractions in number and growth, and the growth rate enters a period of being relatively stable after 2015. (2) According to the time sequence analysis, the number of high-level tourist attractions in the central and northeast regions is small, but the growth rate is higher than that of other regions. In the western region, there is a large number of high-level tourist attractions and they are increasing fast, while the eastern region has the most high-level tourist attractions, they are experiencing the lowest growth rate, exceeded by the western region in number in 2017. The size of the city is proportional to the number of high-level tourist attractions, inversely proportional to the growth rate. (3) From the spatial perspective, the distribution density of high-level tourist attractions in China is increasing year by year. The density of high-level tourist attractions is related to the agglomeration of urban agglomerations in coastal areas and the central region. The spatial hot spots and sub-hot spots occupy the dominant position, forming a pattern of "two points agglomeration, multi-pole and multi-region agglomeration, clusters agglomeration". (4) The GDI index increases with the reduction of the research scale, and the smaller the spatial scale is, the greater the differences between high-level tourist attraction resources are. (5) The spatial distribution characteristics of high-level tourist attractions in China are influenced by the interaction of social factors, economic factors, resource factors and other factors, among which, the population scale, tourism economy as well as human and culture resources are critical. The research results can provide some reference for optimizing the spatial layout of scenic spots resources and coordinating high-quality regional development of tourism in China.
ZHANG Guang-hai , YUAN Hong-ying , DUAN Ruo-xi , DONG Yue-lei . Multiscale analysis of the spatiotemporal differences and the influencing factors of the high-level tourist attractions in China[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2022 , 37(10) : 2672 -2687 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20221014
表1 多尺度下中国高等级旅游景区GDI指数Table 1 GDI index of high-level tourist attractions in China at multiple scales |
| 年份 | 全国GDI指数 | 四大区域GDI指数 | 城市群GDI指数 | 城市GDI指数 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 省级 | 四大区域 | 城市 | 东部 | 中部 | 西部 | 东北 | 国家级 | 区域性 | 地区性 | 特大城市 | 大城市 | 中等城市 | 小城市 | ||||
| 2001 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 2.95 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.81 | 0.40 | 2.29 | 2.83 | 2.42 | 3.08 | |||
| 2002 | 0.31 | 0.26 | 2.69 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.30 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 1.06 | 0.30 | 2.13 | 2.50 | 2.58 | 2.74 | |||
| 2003 | 0.33 | 0.25 | 2.44 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 1.02 | 0.34 | 1.83 | 2.23 | 2.48 | 2.74 | |||
| 2004 | 0.34 | 0.24 | 2.39 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 1.05 | 0.34 | 1.73 | 2.20 | 2.61 | 2.74 | |||
| 2005 | 0.32 | 0.22 | 2.03 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.27 | 0.34 | 0.32 | 1.51 | 1.80 | 2.38 | 2.54 | |||
| 2006 | 0.30 | 0.19 | 1.84 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.34 | 1.37 | 1.63 | 2.38 | 2.03 | |||
| 2007 | 0.28 | 0.20 | 1.62 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 1.22 | 1.39 | 2.34 | 1.57 | |||
| 2008 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 1.45 | 0.27 | 0.10 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 1.15 | 1.23 | 2.12 | 0.99 | |||
| 2009 | 0.28 | 0.21 | 1.22 | 0.29 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 1.92 | 1.00 | |||
| 2010 | 0.28 | 0.21 | 1.05 | 0.29 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.88 | 0.80 | 1.70 | 0.78 | |||
| 2011 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.94 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.76 | 0.68 | 1.78 | 0.85 | |||
| 2012 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.94 | 0.34 | 0.10 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.14 | 0.75 | 0.69 | 1.61 | 0.86 | |||
| 2013 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.80 | 0.36 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.64 | 0.57 | 1.43 | 0.64 | |||
| 2014 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.75 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.14 | 0.59 | 0.53 | 1.45 | 0.61 | |||
| 2015 | 0.31 | 0.22 | 0.68 | 0.37 | 0.04 | 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 1.26 | 0.66 | |||
| 2016 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.62 | 0.38 | 0.06 | 0.29 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.46 | 0.41 | 1.20 | 0.74 | |||
| 2017 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.55 | 0.38 | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0.09 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.39 | 0.36 | 1.19 | 0.55 | |||
| 2018 | 0.30 | 0.18 | 0.50 | 0.39 | 0.07 | 0.31 | 0.07 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 1.24 | 0.59 | |||
| 2019 | 0.30 | 0.18 | 0.49 | 0.40 | 0.07 | 0.32 | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 1.25 | 0.59 | |||
| 方差 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.37 | 0.67 | 0.28 | 0.86 | |||
表2 多尺度下高等级旅游景区资源分布影响因子探测结果Table 2 Detected results of driving factors of resource distribution of high-level tourist attractions at multiple scales |
| 探测指标 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 省级 | 0.794*** | 0.544*** | 0.135*** | 0.022*** | 0.663*** | 0.604*** | 0.473*** | 0.070*** | 0.255*** |
| 城市群 | 0.791*** | 0.408*** | 0.670*** | 0.674*** | 0.949*** | 0.750*** | 0.458*** | 0.247*** | 0.558*** |
| 城市 | 0.670*** | 0.049*** | 0.053*** | 0.063*** | 0.639*** | 0.643*** | 0.149*** | 0.014*** | 0.054*** |
注:***P<0.01。 |
表3 多尺度下高等级旅游景区资源分布影响因子交互探测结果Table 3 Interactive detection results of driving factors of resource distribution of high-level tourist attractions at multiple scales |
| 交互因子 | 省级 | 城市群 | 城市 | 交互因子 | 省级 | 城市群 | 城市 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x1∩x2 | 0.926 | 0.987 | 0.704 | x3∩x7 | 0.841 | 0.817 | 0.296 |
| x1∩x3 | 0.871 | 0.811 | 0.716 | x3∩x8 | 0.269 | 0.807 | 0.140 |
| x1∩x4 | 0.849 | 0.797 | 0.711 | x3∩x9 | 0.734 | 0.795 | 0.189 |
| x1∩x5 | 0.818 | 0.981 | 0.770 | x4∩x5 | 0.687 | 0.981 | 0.767 |
| x1∩x6 | 0.925 | 0.794 | 0.768 | x4∩x6 | 0.659 | 0.797 | 0.762 |
| x1∩x7 | 0.904 | 0.989 | 0.709 | x4∩x7 | 0.593 | 0.818 | 0.325 |
| x1∩x8 | 0.836 | 0.979 | 0.699 | x4∩x8 | 0.295 | 0.808 | 0.170 |
| x1∩x9 | 0.880 | 0.997 | 0.699 | x4∩x9 | 0.485 | 0.793 | 0.176 |
| x2∩x3 | 0.826 | 0.965 | 0.146 | x5∩x6 | 0.874 | 0.978 | 0.737 |
| x2∩x4 | 0.680 | 0.994 | 0.170 | x5∩x7 | 0.705 | 0.986 | 0.744 |
| x2∩x5 | 0.816 | 0.984 | 0.741 | x5∩x8 | 0.674 | 0.960 | 0.675 |
| x2∩x6 | 0.850 | 0.987 | 0.750 | x5∩x9 | 0.744 | 0.993 | 0.752 |
| x2∩x7 | 0.872 | 0.767 | 0.240 | x6∩x7 | 0.738 | 0.987 | 0.759 |
| x2∩x8 | 0.664 | 0.793 | 0.134 | x6∩x8 | 0.669 | 0.977 | 0.681 |
| x2∩x9 | 0.751 | 0.970 | 0.213 | x6∩x9 | 0.853 | 0.990 | 0.703 |
| x3∩x4 | 0.270 | 0.707 | 0.157 | x7∩x8 | 0.580 | 0.692 | 0.332 |
| x3∩x5 | 0.815 | 0.990 | 0.737 | x7∩x9 | 0.695 | 0.773 | 0.272 |
| x3∩x6 | 0.936 | 0.791 | 0.733 | x8∩x9 | 0.606 | 0.703 | 0.088 |
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