JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
Spatial patterns and underlying forces of talent migration and their implications on integrated high-quality development of the Yangtze River Delta: An analysis of university graduates
Received date: 2021-09-06
Revised date: 2021-11-15
Online published: 2022-08-28
In 2018, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta became a national strategy, aiming to break administrative barriers with integrated ideas and measures, and achieve the efficient flow of capital, talents, technology and other essential resources. As the main drive for innovation and knowledge-based economy, the reasonable allocation and orderly migration of talents are conducive to promoting regional integration and achieving high-quality development. Against this backdrop, this study focuses on the migration of university graduates, a vital component of regional talent resource. Based on data drawn from Graduate Employment Quality Report, we demonstrate the spatial patterns of graduate migration in the Yangtze River Delta and reveal the influencing factors underlying their migration by using the geographical detector model. The results show that the migration flow of graduates in the study area basically follows the law of reduction with the increase of distance and hierarchy, and the proportion of graduates who stayed and worked in the region reached 79.72%. The intra-provincial migration pattern is diversified in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. Cities with a higher retention rate are located in the "Z"-shaped zone and coastal areas. Shanghai and its nearby cities (Suzhou, Jiaxing, and Nantong) have formed a "high-high" cluster with a high retention rate. Furthermore, the results of factor detector show that innovation factors play a stronger role in affecting graduate migration in the delta region. However, the effect of these innovation factors differs among Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, with the strongest effect found in Jiangsu, followed by Zhejiang, while the insignificant effect in Anhui. The results of risk detector show that once the level of innovation reaches a certain threshold, its effects on attracting university graduates increase substantially. This study reveals the relationship between the migration pattern of university graduates and regional innovation, which provides theoretical and empirical basis for formulating policies to promote regional talent integration.
CUI Can , YU Cheng-yuan , WANG Qiang . Spatial patterns and underlying forces of talent migration and their implications on integrated high-quality development of the Yangtze River Delta: An analysis of university graduates[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2022 , 37(6) : 1440 -1454 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220605
表1 城市属性指标Table 1 Measurement of city attributes |
| 指标维度 | 指标名称 | 指标解释 |
|---|---|---|
| 创新因素 | 发明专利 | 发明专利申请量/件 |
| 论文数量 | 核心论文发表量/篇 | |
| 研发投入 | R&D内部经费支出/万元 | |
| 科教人员 | 科学技术与教育从业人员数/万人 | |
| 科教支出 | 科学技术与教育公共财政支出/万元 | |
| 高等院校 | 普通高等学校数/所 | |
| 高新企业 | 科技部认定高新技术企业数/个 | |
| 其他因素 | 人口规模 | 城市常住人口数/万人 |
| 生产总值 | 地区生产总值/万元 | |
| 产业结构 | 第二、第三产业比例/% | |
| 人均收入 | 城镇居民人均可支配收入/元 | |
| 住宅价格 | 商品住宅平均销售价格/元 | |
| 城市宜居性 | 宜居竞争力指数 |
表2 毕业生区域内跨省就业流动联系类型Table 2 Classification of inter-provincial migration within the Yangtze River Delta |
| 就业省市 | 上海 | 江苏 | 浙江 | 安徽 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高度跨省联系 10%~20% | 安庆、无锡、南通、蚌埠、滁州、镇江、池州、铜陵、淮北、黄山、宿州、马鞍山、淮南 | 马鞍山、滁州、安庆、宿州、芜湖、淮南、蚌埠、池州、淮北、六安、黄山 | ||
| 中度跨省联系 5%~10% | 合肥、南京、盐城、芜湖、连云港、六安、舟山、扬州、苏州、徐州、嘉兴、阜阳 | 合肥、铜陵、舟山、阜阳 | 无锡、黄山、芜湖、安庆、滁州、淮南、蚌埠、宿州、合肥、池州、马鞍山、南京、上海 | |
| 低度跨省联系 2%~5% | 杭州、常州、宿迁、淮安、泰州、宁波、金华、绍兴、亳州 | 上海、亳州、绍兴、金华、温州、嘉兴、杭州 | 铜陵、淮北、六安、徐州、镇江、盐城 | 无锡、金华 |
表3 因子探测结果Table 3 Results of factor detector |
| 指标维度 | 指标因素 | 流入量 | 粘滞率 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| q统计值 | p值 | q统计值 | p值 | |||
| 创新因素 | 发明专利 | 0.877 | 0.000 | 0.656 | 0.000 | |
| 论文数量 | 0.579 | 0.000 | 0.389 | 0.009 | ||
| 研发投入 | 0.826 | 0.000 | 0.749 | 0.000 | ||
| 科教人员 | 0.668 | 0.000 | 0.527 | 0.000 | ||
| 科教支出 | 0.637 | 0.000 | 0.566 | 0.000 | ||
| 高等学校 | 0.793 | 0.000 | 0.618 | 0.000 | ||
| 高新企业 | 0.791 | 0.000 | 0.753 | 0.000 | ||
| 其他因素 | 人口规模 | 0.425 | 0.004 | 0.440 | 0.003 | |
| 生产总值 | 0.657 | 0.000 | 0.584 | 0.000 | ||
| 产业结构 | 0.439 | 0.002 | 0.487 | 0.000 | ||
| 人均收入 | 0.487 | 0.000 | 0.520 | 0.000 | ||
| 住宅价格 | 0.703 | 0.000 | 0.683 | 0.000 | ||
| 城市宜居性 | 0.392 | 0.007 | 0.415 | 0.003 | ||
表4 分省因子探测q统计值Table 4 Results of factor detector for each province |
| 指标维度 | 指标因素 | 流入量 | 粘滞率 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 江苏 | 浙江 | 安徽 | 江苏 | 浙江 | 安徽 | |||
| 创新因素 | 发明专利 | 0.926*** | 0.700 | 0.362 | 0.798* | 0.726 | 0.292 | |
| 论文数量 | 0.918*** | 0.688 | 0.364 | 0.705 | 0.679 | 0.143 | ||
| 科教人员 | 0.938*** | 0.702 | 0.383 | 0.681 | 0.758 | 0.530 | ||
| 研发投入 | 0.895*** | 0.701 | 0.355 | 0.672 | 0.758 | 0.325 | ||
| 科教支出 | 0.916*** | 0.701 | 0.397 | 0.685 | 0.862* | 0.508 | ||
| 高等学校 | 0.916*** | 0.696 | 0.274 | 0.647 | 0.636 | 0.500 | ||
| 高新企业 | 0.934*** | 0.701 | 0.352 | 0.684 | 0.768 | 0.286 | ||
| 其他因素 | 人口规模 | 0.453 | 0.495 | 0.513 | 0.339 | 0.492 | 0.622 | |
| 生产总值 | 0.926*** | 0.701 | 0.355 | 0.793* | 0.862* | 0.191 | ||
| 产业结构 | 0.616 | 0.500 | 0.213 | 0.649 | 0.705 | 0.334 | ||
| 人均收入 | 0.931*** | 0.695 | 0.448 | 0.682 | 0.715 | 0.406 | ||
| 住宅价格 | 0.930*** | 0.692 | 0.570 | 0.694 | 0.850* | 0.564 | ||
| 城市宜居性 | 0.356 | 0.688 | 0.352 | 0.372 | 0.745 | 0.428 | ||
注:***和*分别表示在1%和10%的统计水平显著。 |
| [1] |
陶希东. 长三角跨行政区社会协同治理的理论、实践与展望. 创新, 2021, 15(3): 31-40.
[
|
| [2] |
吴从环. 长江三角洲地区人才开发一体化及其发展趋势研究. 上海行政学院学报, 2005, 6(5): 72-82.
[
|
| [3] |
赵国钦, 张战, 沈展西, 等. 新一轮“人才争夺战”的工具导向和价值反思: 基于政策文本分析的视角. 中国人力资源开发, 2018, 35(6): 75-84.
[
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
聂晶鑫, 刘合林. 中国人才流动的地域模式及空间分布格局研究. 地理科学, 2018, 38(12): 1979-1987.
[
|
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
|
| [11] |
钟雨齐, 王强, 崔璨, 等. 人力资本的空间迁移模式与影响因素分析: 以南京市高校毕业生为例. 地理科学, 2021, 41(6): 970-980.
[
|
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
宋弘, 吴茂华. 高房价是否导致了区域高技能人力资本流出?. 金融研究, 2020, (3): 77-95.
[
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
|
| [19] |
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
牛冲槐, 芮雪琴, 王聪, 等. 区域创新系统优化对人才聚集效应的作用研究. 系统科学学报, 2007, (4): 64-66.
[
|
| [22] |
|
| [23] |
刘晔, 徐楦钫, 马海涛. 中国城市人力资本水平与人口集聚对创新产出的影响. 地理科学, 2021, 41(6): 923-932.
[
|
| [24] |
杜德斌. 全球科技创新中心的兴起. 文汇报, 2015, (3): 19.
[
|
| [25] |
官远发, 王雁, 张希胜, 等. 创意城市与现代大学: 从3T理论到三区联动. 教育发展研究, 2007, (9): 15-19.
[
|
| [26] |
|
| [27] |
|
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
|
| [30] |
|
| [31] |
|
| [32] |
张抗私, 周晓蒙. 大学毕业生就业的省际流动特征及其影响因素. 人口与经济, 2018, (1): 69-78.
[
|
| [33] |
中华人民共和国教育部发展规划司. 中国教育统计年鉴. 北京: 人民教育出版社, 2019.
[Department of Development Planning, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. China Education Statistics Yearbook. Beijing: People's Education Press, 2019.]
|
| [34] |
|
| [35] |
|
| [36] |
钱晓烨, 迟巍, 黎波. 人力资本对我国区域创新及经济增长的影响: 基于空间计量的实证研究. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2010, 27(4): 107-121.
[
|
| [37] |
|
| [38] |
姜海宁, 张文忠, 余建辉, 等. 山西资源型城市创新环境与产业结构转型空间耦合. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(2): 269-283.
[
|
| [39] |
马海涛, 卢硕, 张文忠. 京津冀城市群城镇化与创新的耦合过程与机理. 地理研究, 2020, 39(2): 303-318.
[
|
| [40] |
|
| [41] |
王一凡, 崔璨, 王强, 等. “人才争夺战”背景下人才流动的空间特征及影响因素: 以中国“一流大学”毕业生为例. 地理研究, 2021, 40(3): 743-761.
[
|
| [42] |
李琴, 谢治. 青年流动人才空间分布及居留意愿影响因素: 基于2017年全国流动人口动态监测数据. 经济地理, 2020, 40(9): 27-35.
[
|
| [43] |
朱鹏程, 张宇, 曹卫东, 等. 长三角企业经营管理人才空间分布及其地理流动网络: 基于上市公司董监高团队数据分析. 人文地理, 2020, 35(4): 121-129.
[
|
| [44] |
侯纯光, 杜德斌, 段德忠, 等. “一带一路”沿线国家或地区人才流动网络结构演化. 地理科学, 2019, 39(11): 1711-1718.
[
|
| [45] |
刘尊雷, 张寒野, 袁兴伟, 等. 基于遥感影像的江西省水体资源和水产养殖结构空间异质性分析. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(10): 1833-1846.
[
|
| [46] |
王劲峰, 徐成东. 地理探测器: 原理与展望. 地理学报, 2017, 72(1): 116-134.
[
|
| [47] |
|
| [48] |
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |