JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
Impact of economic agglomeration on land use eco-efficiency of three major urban agglomerations in China
Received date: 2020-02-15
Request revised date: 2020-06-19
Online published: 2022-01-28
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Analyzing the impact of economic agglomeration on land use eco-efficiency in urban agglomerations is helpful in improving cities' competitiveness and the quality of environment. Using the Super-EBM of undesirable output, in this article we measured the land use eco-efficiency of the three major urban agglomerations of China, namely, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, from 2005 to 2016. Then it analyzed the spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics of land use eco-efficiency by using Kernel density function. Finally, panel threshold regression model and panel vector auto regression model (PVAR) were established. We discussed the non-linear impact and linear direct impacts of economic agglomeration on the land use eco-efficiency in the urban agglomerations from the perspective of industry and population. The main results are as follows. (1) During 2005-2016, the land use eco-efficiency of the three major urban agglomerations showed an evolutionary characteristic of convergence and differentiation and each urban agglomeration had its own spatio-temporal evolutionary rules. (2) The tertiary industrial agglomeration level and population agglomeration level showed a single threshold effect on the land use eco-efficiency of the urban agglomerations. Therefore, moderate industrial agglomeration and population agglomeration have a positive promotion effect on the land use eco-efficiency of the urban agglomerations, otherwise, the promotion effect will decline or even have a negative impact. (3) The direct impact of the tertiary industry agglomeration level and land use eco-efficiency on the land use eco-efficiency reached the peak from the beginning and then converged to 0, while the secondary industry agglomeration level and population agglomeration level had negative impacts and then changed to be positive. When formulating policies concerning economic development and land use, the local governments must give full play to the positive impact of economic agglomeration on the environment. In addition, they should pay attention to the appropriateness and dynamics of different economic agglomerations.
SONG Jia-peng , CHEN Song-lin . Impact of economic agglomeration on land use eco-efficiency of three major urban agglomerations in China[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021 , 36(11) : 2865 -2877 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20211111
表1 城市群土地利用生态效率评价体系Table 1 Index system of land use eco-efficiency evaluation of urban agglomerations |
指标类型 | 一级指标 | 二级指标 |
---|---|---|
投入指标 | 资本要素投入(K) | 地均固定资产投入 |
劳动投入(L) | 地均从业人员 | |
能源投入(E) | 地均供水总量、地均用电量 | |
自然要素投入(M) | 建成区面积 | |
产出指标 | 效益产出(期望产出) | 地均地方生产总值 |
污染产出(非期望产出) | 地均工业废水排放量、地均工业烟尘排放量、地均工业二氧化硫排放量 |
表2 各变量方差膨胀因子Table 2 Variance inflation factor of variables |
AGG2 | AGG3 | UD | SCAL | TECH | OPEN | 均值 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VIF | 4.62 | 4.49 | 1.62 | 1.14 | 2.45 | 3.02 | 2.89 |
1/VIF | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.62 | 0.88 | 0.41 | 0.33 | 0.35 |
表3 门槛效应显著性检验结果Table 3 Threshold effect significant test result |
门槛变量 | 门槛个数 | F值 | P值 | BS次数/次 | 临界值 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1% | 5% | 10% | |||||
lnAGG2 | 一门槛 | 19.88 | 0.1580 | 500 | 39.3925 | 28.4965 | 23.4223 |
lnAGG3 | 一门槛 | 43.28** | 0.0120 | 500 | 43.4634 | 24.6741 | 20.8968 |
二门槛 | 6.90 | 0.5240 | 500 | 41.1142 | 24.8727 | 17.7062 | |
lnUD | 一门槛 | 81.22*** | 0.0020 | 500 | 63.9877 | 47.1277 | 37.7572 |
二门槛 | 15.44 | 0.6440 | 500 | 212.9259 | 160.1977 | 121.6815 |
注:***、**分别表示1%、5%的显著性水平,下同;BS是自抽样法(Bootstrap)的简写。 |
表4 门槛值估计Table 4 Estimation of threshold values |
门槛变量 | 门槛估计值 | 95%置信区间 |
---|---|---|
lnAGG3 | -0.7139 | [-0.779, -0.693] |
lnUD | 5.6949 | [5.674, 5.762] |
表5 模型参数估计结果Table 5 Estimation of result of model parameters |
变量 | 回归系数 | t值 | 变量 | 回归系数 | t值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
lnSCAL | 0.0030 | 0.07 | lnSCAL | -0.0088 | -0.18 |
lnTECH | 0.0047 | 1.10 | lnTECH | 0.0066 | 1.58 |
lnOPEN | 0.0167* | 1.68 | lnOPEN | 0.0082 | 0.84 |
lnAGG3·1(lnAGG3≤ -0.7139) | 0.2576*** | 5.58 | lnUD·1(lnUD≤ 5.6949) | 0.2087*** | 3.30 |
lnAGG3·1(lnAGG3>-0.7139) | -0.0729** | -2.28 | lnUD·1(lnUD>5.6949) | 0.1342** | 2.16 |
注:*表示10%的显著性水平,下同。 |
表6 各变量平稳性检验Table 6 Test for stationary of variables |
统计量 | LLC检验 | Hadri检验 |
---|---|---|
lnLUE | -8.279*** | 24.920*** |
lnAGG2 | -3.059*** | 29.668*** |
lnAGG3 | -4.140*** | 29.394*** |
lnUD | -5.006*** | 21.588*** |
表7 各变量最优滞后项选择Table 7 The choice of lag order of variables |
LAG | AGG2 | AGG3 | UD | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AIC | BIC | HQIC | AIC | BIC | HQIC | AIC | BIC | HQIC | |||
1 | -4.30* | -3.43* | -3.95* | -3.40* | -2.53* | -3.05* | -4.63 | -3.76 | -4.29 | ||
2 | -4.23 | -3.25 | -3.84 | -3.24 | -2.26 | -2.86 | -6.53* | -5.55* | -6.14* | ||
3 | -4.10 | -2.99 | -3.66 | -3.13 | -2.02 | -2.69 | -6.31 | -5.20 | -5.87 | ||
4 | -3.84 | -2.57 | -3.33 | -3.12 | -1.85 | -2.61 | -6.02 | -4.75 | -5.51 |
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