JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
Dynamic estimation method of scenic area carrying capacity and its application
Received date: 2020-05-04
Request revised date: 2020-12-01
Online published: 2022-01-28
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With the development of the economy and the improvement of living standards, the tourism market is rising fast. However, entertaining in a limited tourist area, the huge number of tourists causes many problems, such as traffic jams, conflict in using of facilities, and resource destruction. Poor tourism management leads to frequent accidents and causes a great loss of people's lives and property. Since the tourist areas where tourists are active have boundaries, the carrying capacity is often limited in a certain period. The carrying capacity of the scenic area is an important field of tourism research. A lot of achievements have been made in domestic and international research. However, the existing scenic area carrying capacity estimation model is based on a traditional method that does not involve the dynamics of tourists entering the scenic site. Since tourists cannot fill the whole scenic area instantaneously, this research proposes a concept of dynamic carrying capacity. Firstly, the paper studies the conceptual model of the dynamic carrying capacity of the tourist area. It presents the elements such as the stay area, the passage, the entrance and exit, and obtains the relevant carrying capacity through the local carrying capacity calculation model. Then, based on the network structure model, logical structures of the residence area, passage and entrance and exit elements in the dynamic carrying capacity model are designed, and the detailed object relation diagram of nodes and passage edges is presented. Finally, the estimation method of the dynamic bearing capacity of the tourist area is given. Nanjing Precedential Palace is selected as the experimental area to verify the proposed method. The application of GIS technology in scenic environments can not only realize the spatial pattern analysis of scenic tourism activities and dynamic monitoring of the impact intensity of tourism activities but also help determine the quantitative level of tourist area bearing capacity and improve the quantitative level of the effectiveness of time-sharing management measures. Consequently, it promotes tourist attractions to achieve higher quality economic and social benefits under a safer production.
GE Jun-lian , ZHANG Ling , LIU Min-shi , LIU Feng-yuan , LONG Yi , HUANG Zhen-fang . Dynamic estimation method of scenic area carrying capacity and its application[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021 , 36(11) : 2797 -2810 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20211106
表1 南京总统府景区游览区域及静态承载力Table 1 The static carrying capacity of experimental area |
用地类型 | 数量/个 | 面积/m2 | 承载标准/(m2/人) | 静态承载力/人 | 说明 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
文娱广场 | 1 | 840.50 | 2 | 420 | 参照《导则》表A.3中古建筑类景区的人均空间承载指标1~3 m2/人取中位数计算 |
游客中心 | 1 | 217.09 | 2 | 108 | |
景区博物馆 | 1 | 1220.08 | 1.9 | 642 | 参照《导则》表A.1中故宫博物院的人均空间承载指标0.8~3 m2/人取中位数计算 |
景区展览馆 | 47 | 17301.91 | 1.9 | 9106 | |
行政办公建筑 | 4 | 1386.14 | 0 | 0 | 不可游览区域,办公区域 |
其他建筑 | 12 | 4752.69 | 0 | 0 | 不可游览区域,不开放区域 |
餐饮 | 1 | 679.88 | 0 | 0 | 不可游览区域,职工餐厅 |
零售商业 | 4 | 2154.15 | 0 | 0 | 不可游览区域,无法进入,游客在过道购物 |
通道 | 92 | 14364.10 | 1.5 | 9576 | 参照《导则》表A.2中文化遗址类景区游步道的人均空间承载指标1~3 m2/人取中位数计算 |
总计 | 19852 |
表2 南京总统府景区动态承载力表Table 2 Data of dynamic carrying capacity of experimental area |
时间 | 入口速度/(人/分钟) | 静态承载力/人次 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 | ||
09∶00 | 1602 | 3010 | 4333 | 5608 | 7024 | 7903 | 8699 | 9531 | 19852 |
10∶00 | 3082 | 5613 | 7842 | 9562 | 11093 | 12440 | 13749 | 14706 | |
11∶00 | 4530 | 7845 | 10384 | 12588 | 14192 | 15790 | 17407 | 18541 | |
12∶00 | 5813 | 9568 | 12590 | 14945 | 16802 | 18550 | 19852 | 19852 | |
13∶00 | 6958 | 11199 | 14409 | 17083 | 18917 | 19852 | 19852 | 19852 | |
14∶00 | 7821 | 12594 | 16016 | 18770 | 19852 | 19852 | 19852 | 19852 | |
15∶00 | 8637 | 13865 | 17573 | 19779 | 19852 | 19852 | 19852 | 19852 | |
16∶00 | 9451 | 14950 | 18935 | 19852 | 19852 | 19852 | 19852 | 19852 | |
17∶00 | 0 | 550 | 4535 | 5452 | 5452 | 5452 | 5452 | 5452 | |
18∶00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
图7 南京总统府景区动态承载力曲线Fig. 7 Curves of dynamic carrying capacity of experimental area with different speeds of entering |
表3 南京总统府景区8∶21时刻堵点的数据表Table 3 The data of congested location at 8∶21 |
实体编号 | 名称 | 预计速度/(人/秒) | 当前速度 /(人/秒) | 静态 承载力 | 当前客流 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 桐音馆 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 43 | 2 |
7 | 陶林二公祠 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 383 | 73 |
36 | 晚清与民国民俗图片展 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 188 | 167 |
62 | 大堂 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 182 | 126 |
13 | 游步道 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 30 | 9 |
26 | 游步道 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 17 | 9 |
28 | 游步道 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 11 | 1 |
35 | 游步道 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 58 | 12 |
36 | 游步道 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 76 | 13 |
38 | 游步道 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 168 | 167 |
表4 南京总统府景区8∶35时刻堵点的数据表Table 4 The data of congested location at 8∶35 |
实体编号 | 名称 | 预计速度/(人/秒) | 当前速度/(人/秒) | 静态承载力 | 当前客流 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | 石舫 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 52 | 17 |
46 | 史料馆 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 65 | 55 |
67 | 史料馆 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 65 | 54 |
39 | 游步道 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 50 | 37 |
40 | 游步道 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 167 | 5 |
42 | 游步道 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 66 | 52 |
57 | 游步道 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 81 | 11 |
69 | 游步道 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 135 | 53 |
148 | 游步道 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 68 | 37 |
172 | 游步道 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 46 | 17 |
表5 南京总统府景区11∶53时刻堵点的数据表Table 5 The data of congested location at 11∶53 |
实体编号 | 名称 | 预计速度/(人/秒) | 当前速度/(人/秒) | 静态承载力 | 当前客流 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 | 景区办公楼(子超楼) | 1.6 | 1.6 | 945 | 916 |
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