JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
Habitat selection and dispersal of red-crowned cranes during breeding period in Zhalong Wetland National Nature Reserve
Received date: 2019-11-08
Revised date: 2020-05-11
Online published: 2021-10-28
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The impact of landscape changes on the quality and connectivity of habitats for multiple wildlife species is a global conservation concern. Zhalong Wetland is not only the priority areas of biodiversity conservation in China, but also the largest haibitat in the world with a large number of red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) breeding. The red-crowned crane was listed as a globally endangered species by the IUCN Red List of threatened species (IUCN, 2012), which is the umbrella species and the most sensitive biological indicator species of ecological changes in Zhalong Wetland. The selection of breeding habitat and the dispersal between suitable habitats in the study area are of great significance to the protection of wild red-crowned cranes. Firstly five variables (distance to water, soil wetness, NDVI, distance to roads and distance to buildings) were derived, which was hypothesized to influence the quality of habitat for red-crowned cranes according to the actual investigation within an area encompassing the entire Zhalong Nature Reserve. The MAXENT model was used to predict the suitable habitat distribution of red-crowned crane and analyze the response curve of each factor. The results showed that the red-crowned cranes were more likely to inhabit far away from roads and residents, and the breeding habitat might be close to water with more vegetation in a higher soil moisture condition. Finally, 38 suitable habitat patches were extracted from MAXENT model to simulate the multipath dispersal of red-crowned cranes when they lost flight ability based on circuit theory in landscape connectivity. Our map of maximum current flow between patches highlighted the possible pinch points, which can be used for red-crowned cranes moving directly between patch pairs. Current flow summed across all pairs of patches highlighted areas important for keeping the entire network connected. The results show that based on the suitable habitat patches predicted by MaxEnt model, considering the migration and diffusion behavior of the red-crowned crane in the breeding period, the comprehensive importance of the suitable habitat patches is evaluated by using the area weighting of the cumulative current density, and the suitability level is more consistent with the real nest distribution of the red-crowned cranes. Map results can be used to support the planning efforts concerned with the maintenance of red-crowned cranes metapopulation structure, as well as to protect the landscape features that facilitate the dispersal process.
GONG Zhao-ning , SU Shuo , DU Bo , GUAN Hui , ZHANG Qiang . Habitat selection and dispersal of red-crowned cranes during breeding period in Zhalong Wetland National Nature Reserve[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021 , 36(8) : 1964 -1975 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20210805
表1 电路理论中物理学术语与其生态学意义对照表Table 1 Comparison of physical terms and their ecological meanings in circuit theory |
名词 | 生态学解释 |
---|---|
电阻 | 与生态学中景观阻力概念相似,电阻阻值越大,景观对物种扩散的阻碍能力越强 |
电压 | 用来预测物种离开任意一个焦点并成功到达下一个给定焦点的可能概率 |
电流 | 表示物种在运动过程中沿某一路径扩散的概率 |
电源 | 表示物种进行扩散过程前的种群数量 |
接地 | 表示物种在某一焦点停留,不继续扩散过程 |
表2 不同土地覆被类型阻力赋值Table 2 Resistance assignment for different land cover types |
土地覆被类型 | 阻力值 |
---|---|
芦苇沼泽 | 1 |
明水面 | 10 |
草地 | 25 |
盐碱地 | 50 |
耕地 | 75 |
建筑道路用地 | Infinite |
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