JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
The grain production space reconstruction in China since the reform and opening up
Received date: 2020-08-10
Request revised date: 2020-10-29
Online published: 2021-08-28
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Grain production space reconstruction not only concerns China's food security, but also has a profound impact on regional economic development and ecological protection. From three dimensions of quantity, production potential and spatial pattern, the paper employs GAEZ (Global Agro-Ecological Zones) model, landscape pattern index and gravity center model to discuss the grain production space reconstruction of China from 1980 to 2018. Studies have shown that: (1) In terms of quantity, grain production space gradually decreases from south to north, and the total area remains almost unchanged, but it has frequent internal conversion. The grain production space has been transformed into other land use types, amounting to about 64.58 million hm2, of which the Grain for Green and construction land expansion account for roughly 90%. The other land use types have been converted into grain production space, reaching 66.8 million hm2, of which deforestation and grassland reclamation account for 75%. (2) From production potential, the total amount showed decreasing trends in the past 40 years, while the spatial distribution presents a pattern of "high in the east and low in the west", showing an obvious gradient difference from east to west. The decrease of total production potential of grain production space was mainly caused by the Grain for Green and construction land expansion, resulting in the decrease of grain production space with medium-low, medium and medium-high potential levels; However, its total increase was mainly attributed to the deforestation and grassland reclamation, leading to an increase of grain production space with medium and medium-high potential levels. (3) Due to the aggravation of human activities, the landscape pattern of China's grain production space has undergone significant changes since the 1980s. Its scale gradually decreased, the shape tended to be complex, and the distance gradually became far. Meanwhile, the quantity gravity center has moved southward, but not too far. The gravity center of its production potential has been moving to the northeast, with a distance of 82.74 km. This paper enriches the research setup of land system, and provides the basis for guaranteeing food security and realizing food production space's sustainable and intensive use.
Key words: grain production space; production potential; spatial pattern
ZHANG Qiu-meng , YANG Fang-she , LI Fei . The grain production space reconstruction in China since the reform and opening up[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021 , 36(6) : 1426 -1438 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20210606
图3 1980—2018年中国粮食生产空间转换面积Fig. 3 Grain production space conversion area in China from 1980 to 2018 |
表1 1980—2018年中国粮食生产空间转换的区域差异Table 1 The regional differences of grain production space conversion of China in 1980-2018 (km2) |
1980—2018年 | 1980—2000年 | 2000—2018年 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
毁林垦草 | 退耕还林还草 | 建设用地扩张 | 毁林垦草 | 退耕还林还草 | 建设用地扩张 | 毁林垦草 | 退耕还林还草 | 建设用地扩张 | |||
黑龙江 | 36965 | 11665 | 6657 | 32274 | 14070 | 5674 | 25317 | 18017 | 7251 | ||
吉林 | 16909 | 10927 | 5267 | 6694 | 2058 | 1067 | 13548 | 12161 | 5270 | ||
辽宁 | 14795 | 14172 | 6949 | 11803 | 8981 | 4390 | 15587 | 17785 | 6985 | ||
内蒙古 | 50852 | 32465 | 5715 | 46022 | 35587 | 4301 | 44865 | 36617 | 5363 | ||
甘肃 | 25166 | 26349 | 2601 | 26497 | 27111 | 1703 | 24515 | 26399 | 2628 | ||
宁夏 | 6294 | 5232 | 1128 | 1974 | 191 | 65 | 5338 | 5943 | 1185 | ||
新疆 | 34353 | 8102 | 3296 | 12351 | 8016 | 1051 | 28055 | 6610 | 3170 | ||
青海 | 3641 | 2924 | 379 | 467 | 19 | 38 | 3343 | 3044 | 376 | ||
西藏 | 5975 | 2812 | 80 | 2686 | 2733 | 40 | 6233 | 3101 | 62 | ||
四川 | 27917 | 27844 | 4393 | 30318 | 30067 | 1975 | 31107 | 31422 | 3969 | ||
广西 | 21792 | 21415 | 3305 | 1537 | 2078 | 617 | 21686 | 21783 | 2993 | ||
贵州 | 23239 | 22900 | 943 | 29213 | 28987 | 199 | 29186 | 29196 | 836 | ||
云南 | 33278 | 33747 | 2480 | 1392 | 1489 | 327 | 33376 | 33732 | 2270 | ||
重庆 | 13151 | 12762 | 1507 | 12337 | 12380 | 338 | 11788 | 11338 | 1430 | ||
陕西 | 25703 | 28871 | 3423 | 29754 | 29581 | 2088 | 28291 | 317173 | 3232 | ||
山西 | 17372 | 17628 | 5117 | 21137 | 20700 | 2773 | 20378 | 21120 | 5132 | ||
河南 | 5542 | 5763 | 16144 | 7558 | 7228 | 13351 | 7065 | 7193 | 16291 | ||
湖北 | 12007 | 12478 | 5816 | 16508 | 16526 | 3388 | 16153 | 16723 | 5287 | ||
湖南 | 28446 | 29093 | 2596 | 27466 | 27763 | 1361 | 28601 | 28900 | 2449 | ||
江西 | 17030 | 16787 | 3117 | 20026 | 20032 | 1512 | 18283 | 18033 | 2896 | ||
安徽 | 6205 | 6344 | 11853 | 7541 | 7584 | 8867 | 6306 | 6471 | 11312 | ||
北京 | 636 | 1168 | 2040 | 771 | 907 | 1276 | 639 | 1012 | 1552 | ||
天津 | 178 | 255 | 1529 | 201 | 233 | 950 | 197 | 249 | 1605 | ||
河北 | 12034 | 13125 | 15300 | 13816 | 13758 | 9725 | 9643 | 10653 | 13066 | ||
山东 | 9717 | 5933 | 19158 | 9493 | 9369 | 13200 | 8296 | 4486 | 17148 | ||
江苏 | 1477 | 1244 | 15100 | 1689 | 1607 | 9620 | 1466 | 1294 | 14261 | ||
上海 | 36 | 85 | 2127 | 69 | 70 | 958 | 52 | 83 | 1621 | ||
浙江 | 6047 | 7445 | 5359 | 8256 | 9678 | 2150 | 7813 | 8015 | 4810 | ||
福建 | 11046 | 10900 | 2217 | 13256 | 13222 | 1023 | 12868 | 12858 | 1941 | ||
广东 | 14479 | 14860 | 6394 | 14831 | 15248 | 3406 | 15549 | 15698 | 5131 | ||
海南 | 2593 | 2657 | 546 | 3624 | 3686 | 340 | 3308 | 3327 | 524 | ||
台湾 | 573 | 584 | 717 | 27 | 32 | 177 | 555 | 555 | 594 |
表2 粮食生产空间生产潜力的分类表Table 2 Grain production space's production potential classification table |
耕地生产潜力/(kg/hm2) | 耕地分类 |
---|---|
<2000 | 低潜力 |
2000~4000 | 中低潜力 |
4000~6000 | 中潜力 |
6000~8000 | 中高潜力 |
>8000 | 高潜力 |
图4 1980—2018年中国不同生产潜力等级的粮食生产空间的区域差异注:本图基于自然资源部标准地图服务下载的标准地图制作,底图无修改,下同。 Fig. 4 The regional differences of grain production space's different production potential level of China in 1980-2018 |
表3 1980—2018年中国粮食生产空间变化导致的不同生产潜力等级的粮食生产空间变化Table 3 The area change of grain production space's different production potential based on grain production potential change of China in 1980-2018 (万hm2) |
1980—2018年 | 1980—2000年 | 2000—2018年 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
退耕还林还草 | 建设用地 扩张 | 毁林垦草 | 退耕还林 还草 | 建设用地 扩张 | 毁林垦草 | 退耕还林还草 | 建设用地扩张 | 毁林垦草 | |||
低潜力 | 15.56 | 4.04 | 52.59 | 14.85 | 1.75 | 24.51 | 12.61 | 3.74 | 39.39 | ||
中低潜力 | 38.7 | 8.03 | 66.56 | 43.14 | 3.84 | 52.88 | 28.94 | 7.9 | 47.3 | ||
中潜力 | 64.45 | 25.43 | 154.72 | 85.73 | 20.48 | 141.27 | 79.43 | 25.77 | 109.06 | ||
中高潜力 | 94.54 | 44.89 | 336.1 | 130.41 | 38.08 | 301.19 | 143.32 | 46.66 | 224.5 | ||
高潜力 | 7.93 | 8.88 | 23.54 | 10.33 | 7.54 | 29.51 | 11.17 | 9.09 | 13.69 |
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