JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
Construction of ecological zone based on value-risk ecological function area in the Upper Yellow River
Received date: 2020-05-06
Request revised date: 2020-08-21
Online published: 2021-03-28
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The ecological environment in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is fragile, and ecological and environmental problems such as soil erosion and land degradation continue to threaten the health of the ecosystem and the quality of human settlements. In order to explore the safety status of the ecological environment in the ecological function area in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, this article quantitatively analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution of ecosystem service value and ecological risk index based on land use data in 2000, 2010 and 2018, with the help of ecosystem service models and ecological risk models, and built four types of ecological divisions through z-score standardized methods. The results show that: (1) During the study period, various land use types changed to varying degrees. Among them, construction land increased most significantly due to the transfer of cultivated land and grassland, with an increase area of 118 km2 and a growth rate of 46.36%. (2) The overall service value of the study area has a small degree of change, the ecosystem services are mainly regulating services and the grassland provides the highest value. High service value areas are mainly distributed in areas with high vegetation coverage such as the southwestern part of Linxia prefecture and Zhuoni county. (3) The ecological risk level of the study area is generally low, showing the characteristics of "high in the north and south, but low in the middle". The low and low ecological risk areas account for more than 76% of the total area. (4) Little changes have taken place in the four types of ecological zoning, indicating that the ecological zoning is in a relatively stable state of development. The continuity of the spatial distribution of different ecological zones is poor, among which high ecosystem service value-high ecological risk area (I) is the most typical. Constructing ecological zoning through ecosystem services and ecological risks (value-risk) can provide a theoretical basis for coordinating the relationship between humans and land in the region and clarifying future development directions.
XIE Li-xia , BAI Yong-ping , CHE Lei , QIAO Fu-wei , SUN Shuai-shuai , YANG Xue-di . Construction of ecological zone based on value-risk ecological function area in the Upper Yellow River[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021 , 36(1) : 196 -207 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20210113
表1 2000—2018年黄河上游生态功能区土地利用转移矩阵Table 1 Land use transfer matrix of the ecological function area in the Upper Yellow River from 2000 to 2018 (km2) |
| 土地利用类型 | 2018年土地利用面积 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 耕地 | 林地 | 草地 | 水域 | 建设用地 | 未利用地 | ||
| 2000年土地 利用面积 | 耕地 | 2114.14 | 150.45 | 435.33 | 23.84 | 164.63 | 4.88 |
| 林地 | 76.71 | 5673.69 | 1699.40 | 13.02 | 7.50 | 27.19 | |
| 草地 | 430.09 | 1700.33 | 17764.13 | 63.72 | 55.40 | 355.81 | |
| 水体 | 19.11 | 11.30 | 45.21 | 159.73 | 3.70 | 6.53 | |
| 建设用地 | 79.51 | 7.40 | 24.56 | 1.52 | 141.74 | 0.59 | |
| 未利用地 | 1.79 | 17.13 | 419.01 | 17.76 | 0.92 | 1873.29 | |
表2 不同土地利用类型生态系统服务价值及占比Table 2 Ecosystem service value and proportion of different land use types |
| 土地利用类型 | 2000年 | 2010年 | 2018年 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESV/万元 | 占比/% | ESV/万元 | 占比% | ESV/万元 | 占比/% | |||
| 耕地 | 2540.30 | 4.69 | 2435.63 | 4.48 | 2389.22 | 4.40 | ||
| 林地 | 23501.80 | 43.40 | 23630.93 | 43.43 | 23683.46 | 43.61 | ||
| 草地 | 26443.82 | 48.83 | 26365.92 | 48.45 | 26440.19 | 48.68 | ||
| 水体 | 1305.01 | 2.41 | 1622.96 | 2.98 | 1451.96 | 2.67 | ||
| 未利用地 | 359.22 | 0.66 | 358.22 | 0.66 | 348.58 | 0.64 | ||
| 供给服务 | 5057.63 | 9.12 | 5058.49 | 9.03 | 5058.49 | 9.07 | ||
| 调节服务 | 28695.17 | 51.74 | 29177.65 | 52.07 | 29177.65 | 52.32 | ||
| 支持服务 | 17638.66 | 31.81 | 17677.45 | 31.55 | 17677.45 | 31.70 | ||
| 文化服务 | 4064.53 | 7.33 | 4123.84 | 7.36 | 4123.84 | 7.39 | ||
表3 生态风险分级Table 3 Classification of ecological risks |
| 生态风险 | 风险水平 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 低生态风险 | 较低生态风险 | 中等生态风险 | 较高生态风险 | 高生态风险 | |
| 等级 | I | II | III | IV | V |
| 生态风险值 | 0.15<ERI | 0.15≤ERI<0.25 | 0.25≤ERI<0.35 | 0.35≤ERI<0.45 | ERI ≥0.45 |
图3 黄河上游生态功能区生态风险等级分布Fig. 3 Distribution of ecological risk levels of ecological function area in the Upper Yellow River |
表4 黄河上游生态功能区生态风险等级面积及比例Table 4 Ecological risk grade area and proportion in ecological function area of the Upper Yellow River |
| 生态风险等级 | 2000年 | 2010年 | 2018年 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | |||
| 低生态风险区 | 10529.58 | 31.48 | 10263.95 | 30.69 | 8337.05 | 24.96 | ||
| 较低生态风险区 | 16421.78 | 49.10 | 16343.19 | 48.86 | 17310.04 | 51.81 | ||
| 中等生态风险区 | 4196.73 | 12.55 | 4390.99 | 13.13 | 4826.17 | 14.45 | ||
| 较高生态风险区 | 1145.84 | 3.43 | 1295.84 | 3.87 | 1614.42 | 4.83 | ||
| 高生态风险区 | 1154.88 | 3.45 | 1154.88 | 3.45 | 1319.76 | 3.95 | ||
图4 黄河上游生态功能区生态分区象限分布Fig. 4 Quadrant distribution of ecological zones in the ecological function area of the Upper Yellow River |
表5 2000—2018年黄河上游生态功能区生态分区变化Table 5 Changes in ecological zones of ecological function areas in the Upper Yellow River from 2000 to 2018 |
| 象限 | 分区类型 | 总数/个 | 变化率/% | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000年 | 2010年 | 2018年 | 2000—2010年 | 2010—2018年 | 2000—2018年 | |||
| I | 高生态系统服务价值— 高生态风险区 | 121 | 138 | 135 | 14.05 | -2.14 | 11.57 | |
| II | 低生态系统服务价值— 高生态风险区 | 390 | 398 | 382 | 2.05 | -4.02 | -2.05 | |
| III | 低生态系统服务价值— 低生态风险区 | 336 | 327 | 350 | -2.68 | 7.03 | 4.17 | |
| IV | 高生态系统服务价值— 低生态风险区 | 675 | 659 | 655 | -2.37 | -0.61 | -2.96 | |
图5 黄河上游生态功能区生态分区Fig. 5 Ecological zoning of ecological function area in the Upper Yellow River |
表6 黄河上游生态功能区不同生态分区管理措施Table 6 Management measures of different ecological zones in the ecological function area of the Upper Yellow River |
| 象限 | 分区类型 | 主要分布地区 | 分区管理措施 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | 高生态系统服务价值—高生态风险区 | 全区均有分布,呈较为分散状态 | 建立生态保护片区,通过就近原则责任到乡镇,落实生态环境保护政策的实施与生态环境修复责任;增加生态建设的资金与技术投入 |
| II | 低生态系统服务价值—高生态风险区 | 积石山县、临夏市、临夏县、广河县、合作市、临潭县、玛曲县 | 加大环境保护力度,禁止过度开发、严格执行环境保护政策,为经济发展创造良好的生态环境;城区增加绿化面积,提高人居环境质量;依据草场载畜量合理放牧 |
| III | 低生态系统服务价值—低生态风险区 | 玛曲县、黄河上游生态功能区周边地区 | 适度合理开发,增强耕地、林地、草地的利用率;开展生态旅游,提高经济发展水平;开展生态旅游 |
| IV | 高生态系统服务价值—低生态风险区 | 夏河县、卓尼县、碌曲县北部 | 保护原有景观,建立村镇一级的生态示范区 |
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