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Reconstruction of cultivated land pattern in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in the late Northern Song Dynasty:Take Hehuang Valley as an example
Received date: 2020-08-03
Request revised date: 2020-11-18
Online published: 2021-03-28
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The Hehuang Valley in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is one of the areas with a long history of human activities, and it is the westernmost part of cultivated land reclamation along the Yellow River. The reconstruction of settlements and cultivated land has practical significance for the study of human activities and global change in this basin. In this paper, a database of settlements and cultivated land in the Hehuang Valley in the late Northern Song Dynasty (1117) was established by combing a large number of historical documents. Based on the spatial distribution of settlements, the grid model was used to reconstruct the cultivated land pattern of the study area with an accuracy of 1 km×1 km. The results show that: (1) The settlements in the Hehuang Valley in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in the late Northern Song Dynasty are concentrated in alluvial and proluvial plains along the main stream of the Yellow River and Huangshui River with relatively low altitude and gentle slope, and the "City" is mainly distributed in the mountain pass in the relatively low altitude area, highlighting its defense function; "States and Castles" are mostly distributed along rivers with relatively flat terrain and relatively geo-safe; however, "Villages" are scattered along the tributaries of rivers, showing the characteristics of disorderly development. (2) The total cultivated land area in the Hehuang Valley is estimated to be about 304.67 km2, with only 16.16% of the grids distributed with cultivated land and only 24.16% of the grids with the highest reclamation rate, among which 74.06% are distributed in the Huangshui Valley and 25.94% along the main stream of the Yellow River, indicating that cultivated land reclamation in the late Northern Song Dynasty is mainly concentrated in the Huangshui River Basin. (3) From the altitude of settlement distribution, 78.09% of the cultivated land grids are distributed in the area of flat terrain with water below 2600 m above sea level, and 21.91% of the grids are distributed in the shallow mountains between 2600 m and 3200 m, indicating that the cultivated land range was not large at that time, and the altitude greatly restricted the expansion of cultivated land, which was mainly distributed in areas with superior irrigation conditions. (4) Rebuilding the spatial pattern of cultivated land based on settlement accords with the fact that cultivated land is distributed with settlements, which is more reliable.
GUO Rong , LIU Feng-gui , CHEN Qiong , ZHOU Qiang , GU Xi-jing , CAI Xiang-cuo-mao . Reconstruction of cultivated land pattern in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in the late Northern Song Dynasty:Take Hehuang Valley as an example[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021 , 36(1) : 27 -36 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20210102
表1 聚落地名库数据结构Table 1 Data structure of settlement toponym database |
聚落名称 | 建立时间 | 位置描述 | 聚落类型 | 所属行政区域 | 现代地名 | 经度 | 纬度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
西宁州 | 崇宁三年 (1104年) | 东至保塞寨五十七里,西至宁西城四十里,南至清平寨五十里,北至宣威城五十里 | 州军 治所 | 西宁州 | 西宁市 | 101°46′42″ | 36°37′24″ |
龙支城 | 崇宁三年 (1104年) | 东至德固寨一十八里,西至保塞寨药邦硖二十二里,南至廓州 | 城 | 西宁州 | 乐都区碾 伯镇 | 102°23′46″ | 36°29′27″ |
清平寨 | 崇宁三年 (1104年) | 东至廓州绥平堡界三十五里,西至赤岭铁堠子,南至怀和寨界二十五里,北至西宁州二十五里 | 寨 | 西宁州 | 湟中区上新庄村 | 101°36′6″ | 36°25′37″ |
… | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
同波堡 | 崇宁三年 (1104年) | 东至廓州巡检界二十里,西至肤公城界一十五里,南至黄河不及里,北至肤公城一十五里 | 堡 | 廓州 | 化隆县下多巴一村 | 101°55′53″ | 36°4′20″ |
… | … | … | … | … | … | … |
表2 北宋后期河湟谷地各行政区域耕地面积数据Table 2 The statistics of cultivated land area in each administrative area of Hehuang Valley in late Northern Song Dynasty |
北宋后期河湟谷地 行政区域名称 | 耕地所占 比例/% | 折算耕地 面积/km2 |
---|---|---|
西宁州 | 48.98 | 149.23 |
湟州 | 21.43 | 65.29 |
廓州 | 13.24 | 40.39 |
河州 | 9.84 | 29.98 |
积石军 | 6.51 | 19.78 |
合计 | 100.00 | 304.67 |
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