JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
Ecological vulnerability assessment for a transboundary basin in Central Asia and its spatiotemporal characteristics analysis: Taking Amu Darya River Basin as an example
Received date: 2019-04-20
Request revised date: 2019-08-28
Online published: 2019-12-28
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Quantitative assessment and long-term analysis of ecological vulnerability (EVI) are greatly important for understanding the dynamics of regional ecological environment and guiding ecological environmental protection and restoration. However, in the previous studies, there was rare assessment for ecological vulnerability of the special area of a transboundary basin. In this paper, the Amu Darya River Basin was used as the study area and 11 indicators were selected to reflect the vegetation, hydrology, climate, topography, soil and human activities. After the collinearity diagnostics, an ecological vulnerability assessment system for the study area was constructed. Further, subjective weight method and objective weight method was combined to determine the weight of all indexes, and quantitative estimation for the ecological vulnerability and the spatiotemporal characteristics analysis of the study area from 1990 to 2015 were conducted. The results showed that: (1) The ecological environment of the study area showed a deteriorating trend, and most of the areas were in a heavy vulnerable situation; the average proportion of heavy vulnerability during the study period was 46.40%. The proportion of extreme vulnerability also increased from 2.58% in 1990 to 16.97% in 2015, an increase of 14.39% over the past 25 years. (2) The ecological vulnerability of the study area varied greatly among different land cover types. The EVI value of grassland changed the most, the ecological environment of bare land was the most vulnerable, and the ecological vulnerability of forest was the lowest. In all, the ecological vulnerability levels among different land cover types were in an oreder of bare land > shrub > grassland > cropland > urban land > forest. (3) The relationship between EVI and topographical factors indicated that the area with lower elevation and smaller slope or higher elevation and larger slope was the most vulnerable regions, while the area with low vulnerability was mainly distributed in the regions at an altitude of 2500-3500 m or on a slope of 15-25°.
CHEN Tao , BAO An-ming , GUO Hao , ZHENG Guo-xiong , YUAN Ye , YU Tao . Ecological vulnerability assessment for a transboundary basin in Central Asia and its spatiotemporal characteristics analysis: Taking Amu Darya River Basin as an example[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019 , 34(12) : 2643 -2657 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20191213
Fig. 1 Location of Amu Darya River Basin图1 阿姆河流域位置 |
Fig. 2 Flowchart for the assessment of ecological vulnerability图2 生态脆弱性评估技术流程 |
Table 1 Results of multi-collinearity diagnostics for all indexes表1 指标共线性诊断结果 |
| 指标 | VIF值 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990年 | 1995年 | 2000年 | 2005年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | |
| 高程 | 8.042 | 9.149 | 7.438 | 9.195 | 8.089 | 7.659 |
| 坡度 | 2.919 | 2.939 | 2.941 | 2.944 | 2.910 | 2.976 |
| NDVI | 1.953 | 1.874 | 2.061 | 1.969 | 2.156 | 2.019 |
| 降水 | 4.983 | 5.753 | 4.797 | 6.644 | 7.804 | 4.332 |
| 温度 | 4.936 | 6.458 | 5.216 | 6.091 | 6.089 | 6.442 |
| SPEI | 1.081 | 1.225 | 1.567 | 1.997 | 3.349 | 1.937 |
| 土壤有机质 | 2.167 | 2.238 | 2.186 | 2.222 | 2.165 | 2.266 |
| 景观破碎度 | 1.098 | 1.095 | 1.099 | 1.089 | 1.104 | 1.108 |
| 灌溉 | 1.348 | 1.352 | 1.380 | 1.241 | 1.314 | 1.292 |
| 河网密度 | 1.219 | 1.189 | 1.220 | 1.261 | 1.225 | 1.223 |
| 人口密度 | 1.155 | 1.155 | 1.069 | 1.069 | 1.068 | 1.062 |
Table 2 Weights of evolution indexes表2 指标权重 |
| 指标 | 指标权重值(Wj) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990年 | 1995年 | 2000年 | 2005年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | |
| 高程 | 0.0720 | 0.0718 | 0.0778 | 0.0782 | 0.0776 | 0.0775 |
| 降水 | 0.1362 | 0.1365 | 0.1402 | 0.1457 | 0.1412 | 0.1416 |
| PARA | 0.0824 | 0.0813 | 0.0958 | 0.0960 | 0.0947 | 0.0951 |
| 人口密度 | 0.2241 | 0.2210 | 0.1694 | 0.1718 | 0.1703 | 0.1710 |
| 土壤有机质 | 0.0387 | 0.0384 | 0.0418 | 0.0421 | 0.0417 | 0.0417 |
| SPEI | 0.0656 | 0.0709 | 0.0728 | 0.0636 | 0.0739 | 0.0725 |
| 温度 | 0.0694 | 0.0695 | 0.0719 | 0.0722 | 0.0721 | 0.0721 |
| 灌溉 | 0.0204 | 0.0206 | 0.0223 | 0.0216 | 0.0202 | 0.0201 |
| NDVI | 0.1658 | 0.1645 | 0.1664 | 0.1662 | 0.1675 | 0.1678 |
| 河网密度 | 0.0125 | 0.0125 | 0.0135 | 0.0136 | 0.0135 | 0.0135 |
| 坡度 | 0.1130 | 0.1130 | 0.1280 | 0.1291 | 0.1274 | 0.1271 |
Table 3 Statistical results of different ecological vulnerability levels and ecological vulnerability integrated index in the Amu Darya River Basin from 1990 to 2015表3 1990-2015阿姆河年不同生态脆弱性等级及生态脆弱性综合指数统计结果 |
| 年份 | 潜在脆弱 | 轻度脆弱 | 中度脆弱 | 重度脆弱 | 极度脆弱 | 生态脆弱性综合指数(EVII) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 像元数/个 | 863 | 1873 | 3192 | 5357 | 298 | 3.21 |
| 比例/% | 7.23 | 16.21 | 27.62 | 46.36 | 2.58 | ||
| 1995 | 像元数/个 | 730 | 1990 | 3611 | 4946 | 327 | 3.19 |
| 比例/% | 6.29 | 17.15 | 31.12 | 42.62 | 2.82 | ||
| 2000 | 像元数/个 | 387 | 868 | 2529 | 6020 | 1918 | 3.70 |
| 比例/% | 3.3 | 7.41 | 21.57 | 51.36 | 16.36 | ||
| 2005 | 像元数/个 | 236 | 989 | 2650 | 4667 | 3347 | 3.83 |
| 比例/% | 1.99 | 8.32 | 22.29 | 39.25 | 28.15 | ||
| 2010 | 像元数/个 | 255 | 981 | 2934 | 6571 | 1255 | 3.63 |
| 比例/% | 2.13 | 8.18 | 24.46 | 54.77 | 10.46 | ||
| 2015 | 像元数/个 | 635 | 1337 | 2718 | 5303 | 2043 | 3.56 |
| 比例/% | 5.28 | 11.11 | 22.58 | 44.06 | 16.97 | ||
Fig. 3 Spatial distributions of ecological vulnerability levels in the Amu Darya River Basin from 1990 to 2015图3 1990-2015年阿姆河流域生态脆弱性等级空间分布 |
Fig. 4 Analysis of the defferences of ecological vulnerabilities among different land cover types in the Amu Darya Rirver from 1990 to 2015图4 1990-2015年阿姆河流域土地覆被类型的生态脆弱性差异分析 |
Fig. 5 The variations of ecological vulnerability integrated index on different altitudes and slopes in different periods图5 各个时期不同海拔和坡度下生态脆弱性综合指数的变化规律 |
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