JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
Analysis of basic national conditions of China's tourism industry
Received date: 2019-01-20
Request revised date: 2019-05-10
Online published: 2019-08-28
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China's tourism industry has been fully integrated into the national strategic system when it comes to the era of "mass tourism". It is not enough to realize tourism from the perspective of industrial development. Tourism industry should be reconsidered on the level of basic national condition and strategy. The research based on the "three bodies" theory in tourism as well as the restriction of holiday pattern, constructed an analysis framework, under which the tourism conditions of China was analyzed: China's tourism is the "super tourism" of a "super country" and the peculiar "great nation effect" of China as a consequence. In order to fully release the comprehensive value of tourism industry, optimization on holiday pattern and enough supply of recreation space is required. The analysis of China's tourism national conditions provides a basic perspective for understanding the development of China's current tourism industry, which not only has a reference value for China's socio-economic development and national tourism strategy, but also has great influence on promoting the development of China's tourism geography discipline. For the development of the discipline, the research objects of China's tourism geography should be expanded from traditional scenic spots and destinations to the selection and optimization of national recreation space. In this process, it is necassary to reposition the components, structure, characteristics, evolution process and mechanism, policy system design and supporting safeguard measures of "tourism regional system" in different spatial dimensions, improve the research content, research methods, research paradigms and related disciplines of tourism geography in the new era, and then comprehensively expand tourism in the field of geographical research, and enhance its academic value and social impact.
XI Jian-chao , LIU Meng-hao . Analysis of basic national conditions of China's tourism industry[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019 , 34(8) : 1569 -1580 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190801
Fig. 1 Analysis framework of tourism national conditions under the constraints of holiday system (modified from Leiper's model)图1 假日制度约束下旅游国情分析框架(由Leiper模型修改) |
Fig. 2 Scale of the tourist demand图2 主体旅游需求规模 |
Fig. 3 Changes of the urbanization level图3 城镇化水平变化 |
Fig. 4 Population and per capita GDP of the 19 urban agglomerations图4 19个城市群人口及人均GDP |
Table 1 Population and per capita GDP of national central cities表1 国家中心城市人口及人均GDP |
城市 | 人口/万人 | 人均GDP/万元 |
---|---|---|
北京 | 2173 | 11.82 |
上海 | 2420 | 11.66 |
广州 | 2015 | 14.8 |
天津 | 1562 | 11.51 |
重庆 | 3048 | 5.85 |
成都 | 1604.5 | 7.69 |
武汉 | 1091.4 | 12.40 |
郑州 | 988.1 | 9.31 |
西安 | 961.67 | 7.83 |
Table 2 Classification of tourist scenic spots during the 12th Five-Year Plan表2 “十二五”期间A级旅游景区分类数量情况[32] |
类型 | 2012年 | 2013年 | 2014年 | 2015年 |
---|---|---|---|---|
自然景观 | 1866 | 2039 | 2184 | 2295 |
主题游乐 | 191 | 257 | 293 | 317 |
乡村旅游 | 373 | 455 | 556 | 705 |
历史文化 | 1475 | 1274 | 1365 | 1484 |
科技教育 | 51 | 70 | 84 | 93 |
红色旅游 | 200 | 323 | 358 | 382 |
工业旅游 | 75 | 118 | 157 | 184 |
度假休闲 | 923 | 1045 | 1231 | 1324 |
博物馆 | 389 | 516 | 559 | 581 |
其他 | 499 | 507 | 572 | 586 |
Table 3 Changes of China's holiday system表3 中国假日制度变迁 |
年份 | 法律或规定 | 法定节假日 | 公共假日 | 全年假日天数 | 带薪休假相关规定 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1949 | 《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》 | 共7天 | 单休制,共52天 | 59天 | — |
1994 | 《关于职工工作时间的规定》 | 共7天 | “大小周末”制,共78天 | 85天 | — |
1995 | 《关于职工工作时间的规定》 | 共7天 | 双休制,共104天 | 111天 | 颁布《劳动法》,第四十五条规定:国家实行带薪年休假制度 |
1999 | 《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》 | 共10天 | 双休制,共104天 | 114天,其中3个黄金周 | — |
2007 | 《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》 | 共11天 | 双休制,共104天 | 115天,其中2个黄金周,5个小长假 | 出台《职工带薪休年假条例》《企业职工带薪年休假实施办法》 |
Table 4 Holiday system in some developed countries and regions表4 部分发达国家和地区的假日制度[26] |
国家或地区 | 公共假日/天 | 带薪休假/天 | 国家或地区 | 公共假日/天 | 带薪休假/天 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
美国 | 9 | 不固定 | 西班牙 | 13 | 30 |
法国 | 11 | 30 | 日本 | 14 | 10~20 |
英国 | 8 | 20~27 | 澳大利亚 | 6 | 大于20 |
德国 | 12 | 18 | 新加坡 | 13 | 10~21 |
丹麦 | 9.5 | 30 | 中国台湾 | 14 | 7~30 |
加拿大 | 8 | 大于14 | 中国香港 | 12 | 7~14 |
Fig. 5 Calculation of the elements of tourism图5 各要素指数测算 |
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