JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
Study on ecological damage characteristics and compensation standard of aquaculture project based on recovery capacity and impact cycle: A case study of the famous aquaculture area of Shuihutu in Xiangshan county
Received date: 2018-10-28
Request revised date: 2019-01-30
Online published: 2019-04-20
Copyright
Scientific and reasonable marine eco-compensation standard has great significance in optimizing the allocation of marine resources and maintaining the sustainable development of the marine economy. Taking the famous aquaculture reclamation project of Shuhutu in Xiangshan county of Ningbo city as the research object, the paper constructed an index system of ecological services value damage assessment, and methods for assessing the recovery capacity of sea areas and the impact cycle of resources. The damage value and characteristics of various ecological services caused by the aquaculture project were calculated and analyzed. The eco-compensation standard and the recovery cycle of the aquaculture project based on the marine self recovery capability were determined, and the differences in the compensation standards determined directly from the ecological damage value and based on the recovery capacity were compared and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The total value of the ecological damage caused by the famous aquaculture reclamation project is 3.189 million yuan/a, and the damage value per unit area is 32000 yuan/hm2·a. Ecological damage is mainly based on ecological services, accounting for 53.54% of the total. (2) In the category of biological resource damage, the primary category is dominated by the value of resource damage, which accounts for 32.92% of the total. In the second category, the biological damage value of intertidal biological is the highest, at 597100 yuan, followed by the damage value of seaweed farming, fish eggs and larvae, both of which have the same damage value accounting for 13.55% of the total. The value loss of benthos and swimming organisms is smaller. (3) In the category of ecological service damage, the primary category is mainly adjustment service value, accounting for 32.56% of the total. In the secondary damage category, the damage value of waste disposal is the highest, reaching 717700 yuan, while the value of recreation and entertainment is also large, accounting for 12.80% of the total damage. The other types have less value loss. (4) The eco-compensation standard of the famous aquaculture reclamation project based on the sea self-reclamation capacity is 2.809 million yuan/a, and the compensation value per unit area is 28200 yuan/hm2·a. The average compensation value to be paid in installments is 1.8068 million yuan/a and the compensation amount per unit area is 18100 yuan/hm2·a. (5) Compared with the compensation standard determined by the value of ecological damage, the total amount of eco-compensation standard based on the recovery capacity of sea areas is reduced by 11.92%, and the unit area is reduced by 11.88%. After the completion of the project, the recovery speed of nearshore intertidal zone will be 4.632 hm2/a. After a total of 12.97 years, the tidal flat near the new embankment will be restored to the baseline level which existenced before the reclamation starting.
FENG Bai-xiang , LI Jia-lin , GONG Hong-bo , HE Gai-li , HUANG Ri-peng , LI Chang-da . Study on ecological damage characteristics and compensation standard of aquaculture project based on recovery capacity and impact cycle: A case study of the famous aquaculture area of Shuihutu in Xiangshan county[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019 , 34(4) : 745 -758 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190406
Fig. 1 Location of the study area图1 研究区区位 |
Table 1 Index system and methods of ecological damage assessment of the aquaculture project表1 围海养殖工程生态损害评估指标体系及方法 |
损害类型 | 一级指标 | 二级指标 | 评估方法 | 方法说明 |
---|---|---|---|---|
生物资源损害 | 养殖损害 | 紫菜养殖 | V11为紫菜养殖的损害价值(万元);S为养殖面积(hm2);Q为单位面积养殖网数量(张/hm2);P为养殖产品的单位数量市场价格(万元/张) | |
资源损害 | 底栖生物 | V21为底栖生物损害价值(万元);S为围海面积(hm2);M为底栖生物平均生物量(t/hm2);c为底栖生物转为渔业资源的营养级转化率(%);P为渔业资源当年市场平均价格(万元/t) | ||
潮间带生物 | V23为潮间带生物损害价值(万元);S为围海工程占用的潮间带面积(hm2);M为潮间带生物平均生物量(t/hm2);P为潮间带生物资源商品价格(万元/t) | |||
鱼卵仔鱼 | V24为鱼卵与仔鱼损害价值(万元);S为围海面积(hm2);H为平均水深(m);M为鱼卵、仔鱼平均分布密度(尾/m3);b为鱼卵与仔鱼折算为鱼苗的换算比例,鱼卵生长到商品鱼苗按1%成活率计算,仔鱼生长到商品鱼苗按5%成活率计算(%);P为当年鱼苗的市场价格(万元/尾) | |||
游泳生物 | V25为游泳生物的损害价值(万元);S为围海面积(hm2);M为渔业资源平均资源重量值(t/hm2);P为当年渔业资源市场平均价格(万元/t) | |||
生态服务损害 | 调节服务 | 气体调节 | V31为气体调节损害价值(万元);为固定的成本,为人工制氧的成本(万元/t);X表示浅海、潮间带的净初级生产力(t/hm2·a);S为围海工程占用的浅海、潮间带面积(hm2) | |
干扰调节 | V32干扰调节服务损害价值(万元);ρ为每年维护海堤的成本占海堤工程总造价的比例(%);L为围海占用岸线总长度(km);P为海堤工程造价(万元/km);n为海堤使用年限(年) | |||
废弃物处理 | V33为废弃物处理的损害价值(万元);Xi表示第i种污染物单位面积的环境容量(t/hm2);Ci为第i种污染物的处理成本(万元/t);S为围海面积(hm2) | |||
支持服务 | 养分循环 | V41为营养物质循环的损害价值(万元);CN、CP为N、P的去除成本(万元/t);XN、XP为单位面积海水的N、P环境容量(t/hm2);S为浅海面积(hm2) | ||
生物多样性 | V42为生物多样性维持损害价值(万元);B为同一地区或者相近地区单位面积海域生物多样性的价值(万元/hm2·a);S为围海面积(hm2) | |||
文化服务 | 休闲娱乐 | V51为休闲娱乐服务的损害价值(万元);I为当地旅游经济的总收入(万元);r为旅游净收入占总收入的比例(%);S1为旅游经济涉及的收益总面积(hm2);S2为围海面积(hm2) | ||
科研文化 | V52为科研文化服务的损害价值(万元);B为单位面积海域的科研文化服务价值(万元/hm2·a);S为围海面积(hm2) |
Table 2 Biological changes in spring and autumn表2 春季和秋季生物变化表 |
季节 | 底栖生物密度分布范围/(个/m2) | 底栖生物平均密度/(个/m2) | 底栖生物平均生物量/(g/m2) | 潮间带生物栖息密度范围/(个/m2) | 潮间带生物栖息平均密度/(个/m2) | 潮间带生物平均生物量/(g/m2) | 鱼卵平均分布密度/(个/m3) | 仔鱼平均分布密度/(尾/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
春季 | 10~80 | 37 | 10.5 | 48~264 | 120.5 | 37.47 | 2.57 | 5.34 |
秋季 | 15~90 | 44 | 12.7 | 44~191 | 100.2 | 33.4 | 1.56 | 4.68 |
注:数据来源于《象山县水糊涂二号区块拟出让海域使用论证报告书》,由宁波市海洋与渔业研究院调查所获。 |
Table 3 The value of ecological damage caused by sea reclamation project表3 围海养殖工程造成的生态损害价值 |
一级损害类型 | 损害价值/万元 | 二级损害类型 | 损害价值/万元 | 占总量比例/% | 占相应一级类型比例/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
养殖损害 | 43.20 | 紫菜养殖 | 43.20 | 13.55 | 29.16 |
资源损害 | 104.97 | 底栖生物 | 1.48 | 0.46 | 1.00 |
潮间带生物 | 59.71 | 18.72 | 40.30 | ||
鱼卵、仔鱼 | 43.20 | 13.55 | 29.16 | ||
游泳生物 | 0.58 | 0.18 | 0.39 | ||
调节服务损害 | 103.84 | 气体调节 | 19.72 | 6.18 | 11.55 |
干扰调节 | 12.35 | 3.87 | 7.23 | ||
废弃物处理 | 71.77 | 22.51 | 42.04 | ||
支持服务损害 | 22.27 | 养分循环 | 2.36 | 0.74 | 1.38 |
生物多样性 | 19.91 | 6.24 | 11.66 | ||
文化服务损害 | 44.62 | 休闲娱乐 | 40.82 | 12.80 | 23.91 |
科研文化 | 3.80 | 1.19 | 2.23 | ||
总价值 | 318.90 | — | — | 100.00 | — |
注:浮游生物生物量较小,如浮游动物平均生物量仅为44.9 mg/m3,而浮游植物营养级转化系数较高,二者价值均较小,此处忽略不计。 |
Table 4 Compensation standards based on recovery capacity and impact cycle表4 基于恢复能力与影响周期的生态补偿标准 |
生态补偿标准基于条件 | 总价值/(万元/a) | 单位面积价值/(万元/hm2·a) | 恢复周期/年 |
---|---|---|---|
基于海洋生态资源与服务损害 | 318.90 | 3.20 | — |
基于滩涂恢复能力与影响周期 | 280.90 | 2.82 | 12.97 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[1] |
[
|
[2] |
[
|
[3] |
[
|
[4] |
[
|
[5] |
[
|
[6] |
[
|
[7] |
[
|
[8] |
[
|
[9] |
[
|
[10] |
[
|
[11] |
[
|
[12] |
[
|
[13] |
[
|
[14] |
[
|
[15] |
[
|
[16] |
[
|
[17] |
[
|
[18] |
[
|
[19] |
[
|
[20] |
[
|
[21] |
[
|
[22] |
[
|
[23] |
[
|
[24] |
[
|
[25] |
[
|
[26] |
[
|
[27] |
[
|
[28] |
|
[29] |
[
|
[30] |
[
|
[31] |
[
|
[32] |
中国水利学会: 2006年学术年会//
[Chinese Hydraulic Engineering Society: 2006 Academic Annual Conference Papers//
|
[33] |
宁波市第五届学术大会论文集//
[Ningbo fifth academic conference proceedings//
|
[34] |
[
|
[35] |
[
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |