JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES >
Quantitative Analysis of Hydrological Response to ForestChanges in the Middle of the Tianshan Mountains:A Case Study of the Urumqi River Basin
Received date: 2016-01-27
Online published: 2016-12-20
Supported by
The Fundamental Research Funds of Public Welfare Research Institute in Xinjiang,No. XMBM000001953; the Cultivation Project of Chuzhou University in Anhui Province, No. 2014PY02.
Taking the Urumqi River Basin as a research area, this paper quantitatively analyzed the hydrological response to forest changes in the middle of the Tianshan Mountains. Based on the analysis of runoff change with hydrological and meteorological data (1980-2013), and using SWAT model and habitat limiting factors of spruce distribution, the influence of the change of spruce forest on runoff in different dry years was determined in five different distribution scenarios of spruce. The result shows that: 1) The calibrated SWAT model can simulate the monthly flows well and has high simulation precision, and the most sensitive parameters influencing model was CN2 according to the actual condition of forest land. The R2 and Ens of calibration and validation periods were all higher than 0.85, and the relative errors |Re| were all less than 5%. 2) In the same climate condition, the spruce forest changes in wet year, normal year, dry year showed linear correlation with runoff, 1% increase of spruce forest area resulting in runoff depth reduction of 0.06, 0.05 and 0.04 mm, respectively; and the runoff increased more significantly in wet year and normal year. 3) With the decrease of spruce forest area (the forest land cover reduced from 17.73% to 0%), the difference of the runoff variation coefficient and the fluctuation range between scenarios increased gradually, and the range of the runoff fluctuation can expand 5.1 times. The spruce forest in mountain area can effectively reduce the surface runoff and its fluctuation range. It has important significance for the stability of water resources (the uneven distribution of runoff), the quantitative research of forest water conservation, and the scientific regulation and management of water resources in forest regions.
Key words： runoff simulation; spruce forest change; SWAT model; Urumqi River Basin
DING Cheng-feng, ZHANG Hui-fang, GAO Ya-qi, ZHU Ya-li, Dilixiati BAOERHAN, LI Wei-tao, LI Xia . Quantitative Analysis of Hydrological Response to ForestChanges in the Middle of the Tianshan Mountains:A Case Study of the Urumqi River Basin[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2016 , 31(12) : 2034 -2046 . DOI: 10.11849/zrzyxb.20160099
[1] 赵传燕, 别强, 彭焕华. 祁连山北坡青海云杉林生境特征分析 [J]. 地理学报, 2010, 65(1): 113-121. [ZHAO C Y, BIE Q, PENG H H. Analysis of the niche space of Picea crassifolia on the northern slope of Qilian Mountains. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(1): 113-121.]
[2] ARNOLD J G, SRINIVASAN R, MUTTIAH R S, et al．Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment: Part 1: Model development [J]. Journal of American Water Resources Association, 1998, 34(1): 73-89.
[3] FADIL A, RHINANE H, KAOUKAYA A, et al. Hydrologic modeling of the Bouregreg Watershed (Morocco) using GIS and SWAT model [J]. Journal of Geographic Information System, 2011, 3(4): 279-289.
[4] NING J C, GAO Z G, LU Q S. Runoff simulation using a modified SWAT model with spatially continuous HRUs [J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015, 74(7): 5895-5905.
[5] 吕乐婷, 彭秋志, 郭媛媛, 等. 基于SWAT模型的东江流域径流模拟 [J]. 自然资源学报, 2014, 29(10): 1746-1757. [LV L T, PENG Q Z, GUO Y Y, et al. Runoff simulation of Dongjiang River Basin based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Journal of Natural Resources, 2014, 29(10): 1746-1757. ]
[6] WANG G Q, YANG H C, WANG L J, et al. Using the SWAT model to assess impacts of land use changes on runoff generation in headwaters [J]. Hydrological Processes, 2014, 28(3): 1032-1042.
[7] DU J K, RUI H Y, ZUO T H, et al. Hydrological simulation by SWAT Model with fixed and varied parameterization approaches under land use change [J]. Water Resources Management, 2013, 27(8): 2823-2838.
[8] QASIM M, HUBACEK K, TERMANSEN M. Underlying and proximate driving causes of land use change in district Swat, Pakistan [J]. Land Use Policy, 2013, 34(12): 146-157.
[9] 陈昌春, 张余庆, 项瑛, 等. 土地利用变化对赣江流域径流的影响研究 [J]. 自然资源学报, 2014, 29(10): 1758-1769. [CHEN C C, ZHANG Y Q, XIANG Y, et al. Study on runoff responses to land use change in Ganjiang Basin. Journal of Natural Resources, 2014, 29(10): 1758-1769. ]
[10] MASHAURIA D A, BUKIRWAA F, BANADDAB N, et al. Development of best management practices for controlling the non-point sources of pollution around Lake Victoria using SWAT model: A case of Simiyu Catchment Tanzania [J]. Open Environmental Engineering Journal, 2012, 5: 77-83.
[11] 汤洁, 刘畅, 杨巍, 等. 基于SWAT模型的大伙房水库汇水区农业非点源污染空间特性研究 [J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(10): 1247-1253. [TANG J, LIU C, YANG W, et al. Spatial distribution of non-point source pollution in Dahuofang Reservoir Catchment based on SWAT model. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012, 32(10): 1247-1253. ]
[12] MALAGÒ A, PAGLIERO L, BOURAOUI F, et al. Comparing calibrated parameter sets of the SWAT model for the Scandinavian and Iberian peninsulas [J]. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2015, 60(5): 949-967.
[13] 史晓亮, 杨志勇, 严登华, 等. 滦河流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文响应 [J]. 水科学进展, 2014, 25(1): 21-27. [SHI X L, YANG Z Y, YAN D H, et al. On hydrological response to land-use/cover change in Luanhe River Basin. Advances in Water Science, 2014, 25(1): 21-27.]
[14] 宋艳华, 马金辉. SWAT模型辅助下的生态恢复水文响应——以陇西黄土高原华家岭南河流域为例 [J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(2): 636-644. [SONG Y H, MA J H. SWAT-aided research on hydrological responses to ecological restoration: A case study of the Nanhe River Basin in Huajialing of Longxi Loess Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(2): 636-644. ]
[15] 李佳, 张小咏, 杨艳昭. 基于SWAT模型的长江源土地利用/土地覆被情景变化对径流影响研究 [J]. 水土保持研究, 2012, 19(3): 119-124,128. [LI J, ZHANG X Y, YANG Y Z. SWAT model of runoff study under different land use land cover scenarios in source region of the Yangtze River. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012, 19(3): 119-124, 128. ]
[16] 赵杰, 徐长春, 高沈瞳, 等. 基于SWAT模型的乌鲁木齐河流域径流模拟 [J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(4): 666-674. [ZHAO J, XU C C, GAO S T, et al. Hydrological modeling in the Urumqi River basin based on SWAT. Arid Land Geography, 2015, 38(4): 666-674. ]
[17] 姚海燕, 张民. 乌鲁木齐河流域水管理信息系统 [J]. 水文, 2006, 26(2): 78-80. [YAO H Y, ZHANG M. The water management information system for the Urumqi River Basin. Journal of China Hydrology, 2006, 26(2): 78-80. ]
[18] 新疆维吾尔自治区农业厅, 土壤普查办公室. 新疆土壤 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996. [Soil Survey Office, the Agriculture Department of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Xinjiang Soil. Beijing: Science Press, 1996. ]
[19] 新疆维吾尔自治区农业厅. 新疆土种志 [M]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆科技卫生出版社, 1993. [The Agriculture Department of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Soil Species of Xinjiang. Urumqi: Xinjiang Technology and Health Publishing House, 1993. ]
[20] 薛晨. 基于SWAT模型的产流产沙模拟与模型参数不确定性分析 [D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2011. [XU C. SWAT-aided Surface Runoff and Sediment Yield Modeling and Parameter Uncertainty Analysis. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2011. ]
[21] 刘贵峰, 臧润国, 郭仲军, 等. 不同经度天山云杉群落物种丰富度随海拔梯度变化 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(7): 1407-1413. [LIU G F, ZANG R G, GUO Z J, et al. Species richness patterns of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica communities along an altitudinal gradient at different longitudes in Xinjiang of Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(7): 1407-1413. ]
[22] 张毓涛, 李吉玫, 常顺利, 等. 天山中部天山云杉种群空间分布格局及其与地形因子的关系 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(11): 2799-2806. [ZHANG Y T, LI J M, CHANG S L, et al. Spatial distribution pattern of Picea schrenkiana var. tianshanica population and its relationships with topographic factors in middle part of Tianshan Mountain. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(11): 2799-2806. ]
[23] 陆平, 严赓雪. 新疆森林 [M]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆人民出版社; 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1989. [LU P, YAN G X. Xinjiang Forest. Urumqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House; Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 1989. ]
[24] 林炳青, 陈兴伟, 陈莹, 等. 流域景观格局变化对洪枯径流影响的SWAT模型模拟分析 [J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(7): 1772-1780. [LIN B Q, CHEN X W, CHEN Y, et al. Simulations and analysis on the effects of landscape pattern change on flood and low flow based on SWAT model. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(7): 1772-1780. ]
[25] 李江风, 袁玉江, 由希尧. 乌鲁木齐河山区流域360年径流量的重建 [J]. 第四纪研究, 1997, 17(2): 131-138. [LI J F, YUAN Y J, YOU X Y. 360 years’ runoff reconstruction in the Urumqi River Basin using tree rings. Quaternary Sciences, 1997, 17(2): 131-138. ]
[26] 刘潮海, 谢自楚, 王纯足. 天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川物质平衡过程研究 [J]. 冰川冻土, 1997, 19(1): 17-24. [LIU C H, XIE Z C, WANG C Z. A research on the mass balance processes of Glacier No.1 at the headwaters of the Urumqi River, Tianshan Mountains. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1997, 19(1): 17-24. ]
[27] 陈仁升, 康尔泗, 杨建平, 等. 森林水文生态效应若干争论问题讨论 [J]. 冰川冻土, 2002, 24(6): 799-805. [CHEN R S, KANG E S, YANG J P, et al. Some arguments on the forest ecohydrological effects. Journal of Glaciology And Geocryology, 2002, 24(6): 799-805. ]
[28] 田雨, 刘敏, 程根伟. 森林水文效应研究进展 [J]. 四川林业科技, 2012, 33(2): 22-29. [TIAN Y, LIU M, CHENG G W. Advances in researches on forest hydrological effect. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2012, 33(2): 22-29. ]
[29] 刘曼, 师庆东, 张毓涛, 等. 乌鲁木齐河上游水源涵养地径流模拟研究 [J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2015(8): 113-117, 125. [LIU M, SHI Q D, ZHANG Y T, et al. Runoff simulation in the water conservation of upper Urumqi River Basin based SWAT model. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2015(8): 113-117, 125. ]
[30] 李慧. SWAT模型在新疆内陆河流域水资源模拟中的应用研究 [D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2010. [LI H. The Research and Application of Water Resource Simulation in Xinjiang Inland River Based on SWAT. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2010. ]
[31] 任曼丽. 基于SWAT模型的艾比湖流域径流模拟 [D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆大学, 2013. [REN M L. Research of Runoff Simulation in Ebinur Lake Basin Based on SWAT Model. Urumqi: Xinjiang University, 2013. ]
[32] 高新和. 天山北坡山地森林水土保持功能效益研究 [D]. 南京: 南京林业大学, 2000. [GAO X H. Research of the Forest Function of the Soil and Water Conservation in Northern Slope Region of Tianshan Mountains. Nanjing: Nanjing Forestry University, 2000. ]
[33] 高新和, 姜志林, 张金池, 等. 天山山地森林调节河川径流作用的探讨 [J]. 南京林业大学学报, 2000, 24(4): 49-54. [GAO X H, JIANG Z L, ZHANG J C, et al. A study on regulating function of forest on fluvial annual runoff discharge on Tianshan Mountains. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, 2000, 24(4): 49-54. ]
[34] 高新和, 潘存德, 李建贵. 天山北坡山地森林与河川径流关系的探讨 [J]. 新疆农业大学学报, 2000, 23(1): 25-29. [GAO X H, PAN C D, LI J G. A study on relation between the Tianshan Mountains north sloping hill land forest and potamic runoff. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2000, 23(1): 25-29. ]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |