Spatial heterogeneity of land resources is actually the spatial difference of land resources. It has an important influence on land resource utilization and management in China. Studying the spatial heterogeneity of land resources and the land differentiation policy are the new situations, new tasks and new challenges for land resources management. Meanwhile, it is also the objective requirement of the synchronous development of “urbanization, industrialization, informatization and agriculture modernization”. The purpose of this paper is to measure the degree of spatial heterogeneity for land resources and analyze the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and levels of economic development. Wuhan Urban Agglomeration was an empirical research object. The methods of principal component analysis and Tobit model were used. The paper constructed a land resources spatial heterogeneity evaluation model by principal component analysis to measure the degree of spatial heterogeneity for land resources of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration. And then, this paper built a regression model to explore the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and levels of economic development. The results indicate that: The spatial heterogeneity of land resources was actually caused by the heterogeneity of land resource properties, such as quality, structure, quantity and endowment. The heterogeneity of land quality and structure were major reasons. The interval of spatial heterogeneity of land resources indicator was from 0.015 to 0.737, and the land resources in different units of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration had different degrees of heterogeneity, which could be divided into high heterogeneity, mid-high heterogeneity, moderate heterogeneity, mid-low heterogeneity and low heterogeneity. The spatial heterogeneity of land resources of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration presented the characteristics of “higher in center and lower at edge”, and the numbers of units and areas in regions with different degree of heterogeneity were significantly different. For example, the area proportion of low heterogeneous area was 65.57%, but the sum of area proportion of high heterogeneous area and mid-high heterogeneous area were only 18.71%. The level of economic development had a significant influence on land resources spatial heterogeneity. Per capita GDP and urbanization rate had the positive influence on the land resources spatial heterogeneity of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration. However, the proportion of the third industry had a negative impact. Raising the proportion of the third industry could reduce the land resource heterogeneity ofWuhan Urban Agglomeration.