To support water resource allocation and planning scientifically, this study analyzed the historical trend of water consumption for winter wheat and summer maize in recent 50 years with Mann-Kendall trend test method. Characteristics of evapotranspiration and water use efficiency (WUE) were presented. Furthermore, the reasons accounting for historical trend of water consumption were proposed by analyzing the trend of water surface evaporation and meteorological factors. Data used in this study came from literatures and long time experimental observations at Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Results suggested: 1) The water consumption of winter wheat and summer maize in the North China Plain showed a downtrend in recent 50 years. The water consumption for winter wheat had decreased from 501.2 mm to 456.3 mm, and that of summer maize fluctuated between 300.0 mm and 400.0 mm. 2) WUE for winter wheat and summer maize had been promoted to a large extent. WUE had increased from 3.31 kg/(hm2穖m) to 15.91 kg/(hm2穖m) for winter wheat and from 3.72 kg/(hm2穖m) to 23.36 kg/(hm2穖m) for summer maize. 3) Stages from jointing to milking had high evapotranspiration rate for winter wheat, and several irrigations were needed to meet water demand. Similarly, summer maize in stages from jointing to grain filling consumed more water. However, no additional irrigations were needed due to rainy season. 4) Increase of relative humidity and decrease of sunshine times primarily weakened evaporability, and thus water consumption for winter wheat and summer maize showed a downtrend.
CHEN Bo, OUYANG Zhu, CHENG Wei-xin, LIU Li-ping
. Water Consumption for Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in the North China Plain in Recent 50 Years[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2012
, (7)
: 1186
-1199
.
DOI: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2012.07.010
[1] Mo X G, Liu S X, Lin Z H, et al. Regional crop yield, water consumption and water use efficiency and their responses to climate change in the North China Plain [J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2009, 134: 67-78.
[2] 刘晓英, 李玉中, 郝卫平. 华北主要作物需水量近50年变化趋势及原因[J]. 农业工程学报, 2005, 21(10): 155-159.
[3] 康西言, 李春强, 高建华, 等. 河北省冬小麦水分亏缺量的变化研究//全国农业气象与生态环境学术年会论文集. 2006: 201-208.
[4] 周贺玲, 田小飞, 李建军. 气候变化对冬小麦需水量的影响研究//全国农业气象与生态环境学术年会论文集. 2006: 150-152.
[5] 武永利, 刘文平, 马雅丽, 等. 山西冬小麦作物需水量近45年变化特征[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(16): 7380-7383.
[6] Allen R G, Pereira L S, Raes D, et al. Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements //FAO Irrigation and Drainage. Rome, 1998: 41-56.
[7] Kassam A, Smith M. FAO methodologies on crop water use and crop water productivity . Expert meeting on crop water productivity, Rome, 3-5 December 2001:18.
[8] 程维新, 赵家义, 胡朝炳, 等. 农田蒸发与作物耗水量研究[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 1994.
[9] 唐登银, 杨立福, 程维新. 原状土自动称重蒸发渗漏器[J]. 水利学报, 1987(7): 46-53.
[10] 刘士平, 杨建锋, 李宝庆, 等. 新型蒸渗仪及其在农田水文过程研究中的应用[J]. 水利学报, 2000(3): 29-36.
[11] 凌美华. 冬小麦农田蒸发及其计算方法的研究[J]. 地理集刋, 1980(12).
[12] 程维新, 赵家义, 戚春梅, 等. 关于玉米农田耗水量的研究[J]. 灌溉排水, 1982, 1(2): 34-41.
[13] 曹云者, 宇振荣, 赵同科. 夏玉米需水及耗水规律的研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2003, 18(2): 47-50.
[14] 任鸿瑞, 罗毅. 鲁西北平原冬小麦和夏玉米耗水量的实验研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2004, 23(4): 37-39.
[15] 李晓东, 孙景生, 张寄阳, 等. 不同水分处理对冬小麦生长及产量的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(26): 11373-11375.
[16] 肖俊夫, 刘战东, 陈玉民. 中国玉米需水量与需水规律研究[J]. 玉米科学, 2008, 16(4): 21-25.
[17] 肖俊夫, 刘战东, 段爱旺, 等. 中国主要农作物全生育期耗水量与产量的关系[J]. 中国农学通报, 2008, 24(3): 430-434.
[18] 肖俊夫, 刘战东, 段爱旺, 等. 新乡地区冬小麦耗水量与产量关系研究[J]. 河南农业科学, 2009(1): 55-59.
[19] 胡玉昆, 杨永辉, 杨艳敏, 等. 华北平原灌溉量对冬小麦产量、蒸发蒸腾量、水分利用效率的影响[J]. 武汉大学学报: 工学版, 2009, 42(6): 701-705.
[20] 宋振伟, 张海林, 黄晶, 等. 京郊地区主要农作物需水特征与农田水量平衡分析[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2009, 30(4): 461-465.
[21] 陈博, 欧阳竹. 基于BP 神经网络的冬小麦耗水预测[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(4): 81-86.
[22] 李金玉. 山西省不同区域冬小麦全生育期耗水量-产量关系模型研究[J]. 地下水, 2010, 32(1): 154-156.
[23] 韩娜娜, 王仰仁, 孙书洪, 等. 灌水对冬小麦耗水量和产量影响的试验研究[J]. 节水灌溉, 2010(4): 4-7.
[24] Mann H B. Non-parametric tests against trend [J]. Econometrica, 1945, 13: 245-259.
[25] Kendall M G. Rank Correlation Measures [M]. London: Charles Griffin, 1975.
[26] 郭庆法, 王庆成, 汪黎明. 中国玉米栽培学[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2004.
