Based on the datasets of topographic maps of 1980, Landsat TM of 1988/1990, Landsat ETM+of 2000, and ALOS AVNIR-2 of 2007 as well as 42 years (1967-2008) temperature and precipitation data in the Lhozhag District of the eastern Himalayas, the characteristics of glacial lake change and its reason were investigated. The results show that: 1) The total area of 53 glacial lakes (with an area larger than 0.02 km2 in 1980) increased from 9.97 km2 in 1980 to 13.05 km2 in 2007. The overall increase was 3.08 km2, which was 30.9% of the total glacial lake area in 1980. Compared with the non-glacial-fed lakes, the area of glacial lakes in 1980 was found larger than the latter, and was distributed in more grades and elevation gradients. Moreover, area expansion during 1980-2007 of glacial lakes was as large as 102.7 times that of the non-glacial-fed lakes, much larger than the latter. It shows that the distribution and change of glacial lakes were affected deeply by glacier-meltwater supply. 2) During the period of 1980-2007, the average annual temperature of Cona Station increased significantly, which was in agreement with the trend of global warming elsewhere. The annual precipitation in Cona Station increased a little during 1980-2007. Therefore, the increase of glacial meltwater caused by rising temperature and increasing precipitation in the study area jointly determined the expansion of glacial lakes. Increased annual temperature acted as the most significant factor for recent glacial lake expansion in the Lhozhag District, while increased precipitation made some contributions, too. 3) The risk assessment of outburst probability for 32 recognizable glacial lakes larger than 0.1 km2 in 2007 shows that Cuogalongpu, Jialangka, Angge and Bailang lakes were in the highest rank of outburst in the study area.
LI Zhi-guo, YAO Tan-dong, YE Qing-hua, LI Chao-liu, WANG Wei-cai
. Monitoring Glacial Lake Variations Based on Remote Sensing in the Lhozhag District,Eastern Himalayas,1980-2007[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2011
, 26(5)
: 836
-846
.
DOI: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.05.011
[1] Werder M A, Bauder A, Funk M, et al. Hazard assessment investigations in connection with the formation of a lake on the tongue of Unterer Grindelwaldgletscher, Bernese Alps, Switzerland [J]. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2010, 10(2): 227-237.
[2] Kershaw J A, Clague J J, Evans S G. Geomorphic and sedimentological signature of a two-phase outburst flood from moraine-dammed Queen Bess Lake, British Columbia, Canada [J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2005, 30(1): 1-25.
[3] Bajracharya S R, Mool P K, Shrestha B R. Global climate change and melting of Himalayan Glaciers//Ranade P S, Melting Glaciers and Rising Sea Levels: Impacts and Implications. Hyderabad: The India Icfai’s University Press, 2008: 28-46.
[4] 王欣, 刘时银, 姚晓军, 等. 我国喜马拉雅山区冰湖遥感调查与编目[J]. 地理学报, 2010, 65(1): 29-36.
[5] 陈储军, 刘明, 张帜. 西藏年楚河冰川终碛湖溃决条件及洪水估算[J]. 冰川冻土, 1996, 18(4): 347-352.
[6] 王铁锋, 刘志荣, 夏传清, 等. 西藏年楚河冰川湖考察[J]. 冰川冻土, 2003, 25(增刊2): 344-348.
[7] 刘淑珍, 李辉霞, 鄢燕, 等. 西藏自治区洛扎县冰湖溃决危险度评价[J]. 山地学报, 2003, 21(增刊1): 128-132.
[8] Ye Q H, Zhu L P, Zheng H X, et al. Glacier and lake variations in the Yamzhog Yumco basin, southern Tibetan Plateau, from 1980 to 2000 using remote-sensing and GIS technologies [J]. Journal of Glaciology, 2007, 53(183): 673-676.
[9] Zhou C P, Yang W B, Wu L, et al. Glacier changes from a new inventory, Nianchu River Basin, Tibetan Plateau [J]. Annals of Glaciology, 2009, 50(53): 87-92.
[10] 黄静莉, 王常明, 王钢城, 等. 模糊综合评判法在冰湖溃决危险度划分中的应用——以西藏自治区洛扎县为例[J]. 地球与环境, 2005, 33(增刊1): 109-114.
[11] 王欣, 刘时银, 郭万钦, 等. 我国喜马拉雅山区冰碛湖溃决危险性评价[J]. 地理学报, 2009, 64(7): 782-790.
[12] 车涛, 晋锐, 李新, 等. 近20 a来西藏朋曲流域冰湖变化及潜在溃决冰湖分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2004, 26(4): 397-402.
[13] 车涛, 李新, Mool P K, 等. 希夏邦马峰东坡冰川与冰川湖泊变化遥感监测[J]. 冰川冻土, 2005, 27(6): 801-805.
[14] 陈晓清, 崔鹏, 杨忠, 等. 喜马拉雅山中段波曲流域近期冰湖溃决危险性分析与评估[J]. 冰川冻土, 2007, 29(4): 509-516.
[15] 秦大河. 喜马拉雅山冰川资源图[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999.
[16] 吴立宗, 李新. 中国冰川信息系统[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2004.
[17] Williams R S Jr, Hall D K, Sigurdsson O, et al. Comparisson of satellite-derived with ground-based measurements of the fluctuations of the margins of Vatnajkull, Iceland, 1973-1992 [J]. Annals of Glaciology, 1997(24): 72-80.
[18] Hall D K, Bayr K J, Schoner W, et al. Consideration of the errors inherent in mapping historical glacier positions in Austria from the ground and space (1893-2001) [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2003, 86(4): 566-577.
[19] Ye Q H, Kang S C, Chen F, et al. Monitoring glacier variations on Geladandong Mountain, central Tibetan Plateau, from 1969 to 2002 using remote-sensing and GIS technologies [J]. Journal of Glaciology, 2006, 52(179): 537-545.
