The component of oil sludge is very complex;it is a problem for oil fields to dispose because oil sludge is a mixture of hydrocarbon,sediment,heavy metal and water which do harm to natural environment and our health.Nowadays,the methods to dispose it mainly include:physical and chemical method,bioremediation and overall utilization.Owing to it's superiority of low costs of energy and fund cost to other methods,bioremediation has become one of the processing methods with great development potential.This article is mainly about the damage of oil sludge,how to dispose it,the characteristics of all kinds of methods,the affecting factor,mainly,the four kinds of bioremediation with their status quo in research and application.