Based on the principles of bio,ecology,energy,ecosystem consists of three essential subsystems,namely,the endogenous system with the exploitations of coal,oil,natural gas as well as water power,the exogenous system with the productions of agriculture and manufacture,and the symbiotic system with the operations of transportation,communication,commercial and residential business.A nation wide perspective in general and West China in special are combined with input,output approach.The results indicated the following points. Firstly,the economic development and structural changes are the two key factors for the evolution of modern energy ecosystem in terms of the long,period practices of industrialization movement during the last 50 years in both the nation and the west. Secondly,the opening,up level has an important function to the evolution of the energy ecosystem,especially in the germination period when the system is addressed by energy,export orientation. Finally,the more maturity the energy ecosystem is,the more opened up the system has,and the greater coordination between the endogenous,the exogenous and the symbiotic systems would be needed.Such an evolution could be a great potential challenge for the development of energy industry in West China as the thirsty dominate market is looking forward to more energy supply from it in one hand,and the energy industry is more aggressive to the local natural environment under the polarized effects in the other.