The paper applies the dualistic distributed hydrological model (WEP-L model) to stu-dy the evolutionary laws of the Yellow River Basin's water resources under the impact of human activities.The water resources assessment results under present underlying surfaces are compared with those under historical underlying surfaces,and the water resources assessment results under no water use condition are compared with those under water use condition as well. By contrast,it is shown that the quantity and compositions of water resources changed distinctly under the impact of intensive human activities.The two main variations are as follow:(1)the surface water resources reduced but the ground water resources which is unrepeatable with the surface water resources increased;(2)the special water resources reduced but the general water resources increased accompanied with increase of the effective evaporation,namely,effective utilization of precipitation.The research achievement can be referenced for comprehensive management and the water safety strategic planning of the Yellow River Basin.