ith the area of Chinese fir plantation increasing constantly, the soil fertility degradation of the site of Chinese fir plantation is increasingly serious. Controlled burning is one of the major causes which cause the soil fertility degradation of the site of Chinese fir plantation. On the basis of the achievements of previous related studies, we, in this paper, fully expound the effects of controlled burning on the slashes, soil and water loss, soil fertility and Chinese fir growth at home and abroad, summarize the advantages and disadvantages of controlled burning,and raise some corresponding countermeasures. This is of great significance for changing the traditional culture system of Chinese fir and for the sustainable use of the resources of the mountainous area in South China.