In China, many regions where energy resources exploitation brings about regional economical development are relatively backward areas. Taking Northwest China as an examples, the problem of coordinating energy resources exploitation and regional economical construction is discussed in this paper. We emphatically analyse the position of energy industry in regional industrialization, the adjustment of industrial structure and the spatial organization of economical system on the basis of the utilization of energy resources, such as petroleum, natural gas, electricity and coal. Beside, the key points of the regional policy for promoting regional development and protecting ecological environment are put forward.The effects of China's major energy development policies on the regional development are summarized systematically in the paper. This include: (a) the reversion of the northward transportation of the coal produced in the south and the development of the Shanxi energy base; (b) the outward transfer of the natural gas produced in Sichuan Province and the eastward shift of the priority areas of oil survey; (c) the position change of hydropower and nuclear power in the regional energy structure; (d) the exploitation of marine energy and the energy import policies. Accordingly,an analysis of the national role and sort structure of the energy resources of Northwest China is made Moreover, combining with the evaluation of the socio economic development of the region, we indicate that the rich energy resources and the backward economy constitute the main contradiction of the regional development Afterwards the future industria lization path and the prospect of industrial restructuring of Northwest China are studied both theoretically and empirically. The major results include the clarification of the role and position of energy industry, the quantitative analysis of the demand and supply structure of energy of Northwest China, the regional pattern of energy distribution, and the constructive suggestions to the construction of energy bases and highly energy consumed industrial system.Finally, the regional policies for promoting the socio economic development and the energy development of Northwest China are discussed. They include: (a) the policy of investment and economic earnings; (b) the policy of the protection of water and soil resources and the construction of ecological environment ; and (c) the policy of the development of a comprehensive traffic and transportation system.