This paper describes the status quo and the change situation of the relationship between population and land in Sichuan Province.It analyses the causes of changes through quantification method, briefly reveals the effects of changes on agriculture, and then puts forth the countermeasures which way mitigate the contradiction. This paper lays emphasis on analysing the causes of changes of the relationship between population and land,particully the changes in recent times, in order to clearly recognize them and accordingly take the effective countermeasures to mitigate the contradiction.