Taking the Hetian river basin as an example, this paper primarily explores the method of comprehensive evaluation of water resource carrying capacity and sets up an evaluation model by applying the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The water resource carrying capacity in the Hetian river basin is evaluated by means of this model. It provides a decision-making basis for water resource development in the basin. Meanwile, this study provides a new method of the e-valuation of the water resource carrying capacity for arid areas in general.