China is a country with insufficient land and a large population. Meanwhile its land productivity is seriously restricted by water resource and other natural conditions. Since ancient time, natural disasters such as drought, flood, salinization and alkalization occur contin-ualy, which hinders the agricultural development. Water conservancy has become a leading: factor in increasing the carrying capacity of the land, so that the rational developmend of water resource plays a more and more important role. Therefore, strenthening the management of water resource and developing a large scale fundamental farmland construction which focuses on the water conservancy are the significant methods to raise the land productivity from current situation to a new level. In doing so the demand for food by the increasing population and natural economy can be ensured.